Into yokugqibela efunwa yiHaiti lolunye ungenelelo lomkhosi: Incwadana yamashumi amane anesibini (2022)

By I-Tricontinental, Oktobha 25, 2022

Bahlobo abathandekayo,

Imibuliso evela kwidesika ye I-Tricontinental: Iziko loPhando lwezeNtlalo.

KwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo nge-24 kaSeptemba 2022, uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle waseHaiti uJean Victor Geneus wavuma ukuba ilizwe lakhe lijongene nengxaki enkulu, awathi. wathi 'inokusonjululwa kuphela ngenkxaso esebenzayo yamaqabane ethu'. Kwabaninzi abajonga kakhulu imeko eyenzeka eHaiti, ibinzana elithi 'inkxaso esebenzayo' lalivakala ngathi iGeneus yayibonisa ukuba olunye ukungenelela komkhosi ngamagunya aseNtshona kwakusemnyango. Ewe, kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kwezimvo zikaGeneus, The Washington Post yapapasha inqaku lomhleli malunga nemeko yaseHaiti apho ebizwa 'yentshukumo yemisipha yabadlali bangaphandle'. Ngomhla we-15 ku-Okthobha, iUnited States neKhanada zikhuphe a ingxelo edibeneyo ebhengeza ukuba bathumele iinqwelomoya zomkhosi eHaiti ukuze zise izixhobo kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko zaseHaiti. Kwangolo suku lunye, iUnited States yafaka idrafti Isisombululo kwiBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN lihlaba ikhwelo 'lokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza komkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe okhawulezayo' eHaiti.

Ukusukela oko iHaitian Revolution yafumana inkululeko kwiFrance ngo-1804, iHaiti iye yajongana namaza alandelelanayo ohlaselo, kubandakanya i-US iminyaka elishumi. umsebenzi ukusuka 1915 ukuya 1934, a US-backed ulawulo lobuzwilakhe ukusuka ngo-1957 ukuya ku-1986, amabini axhaswa ngaseNtshona ukubetha ngokuchasene nowayesakuba nguMongameli uJean-Bertrand Aristide ngo-1991 nango-2004, kunye nomkhosi we-UN. ukungenelela ukusuka ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2017. Olu hlaselo luye lwathintela iHaiti ekuqinisekiseni ulongamo lwayo kwaye luye lwathintela abantu bayo ukuba bakhe ubomi obunesidima. Olunye uhlaselo, nokuba luyimikhosi yase-US kunye ne-Canada okanye yimikhosi yokugcina uxolo ye-UN, luya kwenza nzulu le ngxaki. I-Tricontinental: Iziko loPhando lwezeNtlalo, i INdibano yaBantu baMazwe ngaMazwe, Iintshukumo ze-ALBA, kwaye i I-Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer ithulule i-Developpement Alternatif ('I-Haitian Advocacy Platform for Alternative Development' okanye i-PAPDA) ivelise isilumkiso esibomvu kwimeko yangoku eHaiti, enokufumaneka ngezantsi kwaye ikhutshelwe njenge IPDF.

Kwenzeka ntoni eHaiti?

Uvukelo oludumileyo luye lwenzeka eHaiti kulo lonke i-2022. Olu qhanqalazo luqhubeka nomjikelo wokuchasana owaqala ngo-2016 ekuphenduleni ingxaki yentlalontle eyenziwa yi-coups ngo-1991 kunye ne-2004, inyikima ngo-2010, kunye neNkanyamba uMatthew ngo-2016. Ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka, naziphi na iinzame zabantu baseHaiti zokuphuma kwinkqubo yeniyo-koloniyali ebekwe ngumkhosi wase-US (1915-34) idibene nokungenelela emkhosini kunye noqoqosho ukuyigcina. Ulawulo noxhatshazo olusekwe yiloo nkqubo luye lwabenza bangamahlwempu abantu baseHaiti, uninzi lwabemi lungakwazi ukufumana amanzi okusela, unyango, imfundo, okanye izindlu ezisemgangathweni. Kubantu baseHaiti abazizigidi ezili-11.4, abazizigidi ezi-4.6 ngabo ukungakhuseleki kokutya kunye nama-70% anjalo bengasebenzi.

UManuel Mathieu (Haiti), Rempart ('Rampart'), ngo-2018.

Igama lesiCreole saseHaiti dechoukaj okanye 'ukuncothula' - okwakuyiyo isetyenziswe kuqala kwimibutho exhasa idemokhrasi ka-1986 eyayisilwa ubuzwilakhe obuxhaswa yi-US-ufikile ukuchaza uqhanqalazo lwangoku. Urhulumente waseHaiti, ekhokelwa yiNkulumbuso ebambeleyo kunye noMongameli uAriel Henry, banyuse amaxabiso epetroli ngeli xesha lobunzima, nto leyo yaxhokonxa uqhanqalazo lwemibutho yabasebenzi kwaye yenza nzulu intshukumo. UHenry wayenjalo Fakiwe kwisikhundla sakhe ngo-2021 ngu 'Iqela leCore' (eyenziwe ngamazwe amathandathu kwaye ekhokelwa yi-US, i-European Union, i-UN, kunye noMbutho waseMelika) emva kokubulawa kukamongameli ongathandwayo uJovenel Moïse. Nangona kungekasonjululwa, kunjalo kucace ukuba uMoïse wabulawa liyelenqe elaliquka iqela elilawulayo, amaqela athengisa iziyobisi, amajoni aseColombia, kunye neenkonzo zobuntlola zase-US. UHelen La Lime we-UN xelelwe iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngoFebruwari ukuba uphando lukazwelonke malunga nokubulawa kukaMoïse luye lwamisa, imeko eye yavuselela amahemuhemu kwaye yandisa ukukrokra kunye nokungathembani phakathi kwelizwe.

Fritzner Lamour (Haiti), Poste Ravine Pintade, ca. 1980.

Yasabela njani imikhosi yeniyo-koloniyalizim?

IUnited States neCanada ngoku ukumbamba Urhulumente ongekho mthethweni kaHenry kunye nokucwangcisa ukungenelela emkhosini eHaiti. Ngomhla we-15 ka-Oktobha, i-US ingenise idrafti Isisombululo kwiBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo lihlaba ikhwelo 'lokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza komkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe okhawulezayo osebenza ngokukhawuleza' elizweni. Esi siya kuba sisahluko samva nje kwiinkulungwane ezimbini zokungenelela okutshabalalisayo ngamazwe aseNtshona eHaiti. Ukusukela ngo-1804 i-Haitian Revolution, imikhosi yama impiriyali (kubandakanywa nabanini bamakhoboka) baye bangenelela ngomkhosi nangokwezoqoqosho ngokuchasene neentshukumo zabantu ezifuna ukuphelisa inkqubo yeniyo-koloniyali. Kutshanje, le mikhosi yangena kweli lizwe phantsi kwenkxaso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngokusebenzisa i-UN Stabilization Mission eHaiti (MINUSTAH), eyayisebenza ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya ku-2017. Olunye ungenelelo olunjalo egameni 'lamalungelo oluntu' luya kuqinisekisa kuphela Inkqubo yeniyo-koloniyali ngoku elawulwa ngu-Ariel Henry kwaye iya kuba yintlekele kubantu baseHaiti, abahamba phambili bavalwe yimigewu. wadalwa kwaye ikhuthazwe ngasemva kwemiboniso yi-oligarchy yaseHaiti, exhaswa yiCore Group, kwaye ixhobe ngezixhobo ku iunited States.

Ihlabathi lingama njani kumanyano neHaiti?

Ingxaki yaseHaiti ingasonjululwa kuphela ngabantu baseHaiti, kodwa kufuneka ikhatshwe ngamandla amakhulu omanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlabathi linokukhangela kwimizekelo eboniswe yi Cuban Medical Brigade, eyaqala ukuya eHaiti ngowe-1998; yi-Via Campesina/ALBA Movimientos brigade, esebenze kunye neentshukumo ezidumileyo ekuhlaziyweni kwamahlathi kunye nemfundo ethandwayo ukususela ngo-2009; kunye ne uncedo enikwa ngurhulumente waseVenezuela, equka ioyile ethotyiweyo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba abo bame kumanyano neHaiti bafune, ubuncinci:

1. ukuba iFransi kunye neUnited States zibonelela ngembuyekezo ngenxa yokubiwa kobutyebi baseHaiti ukususela ngo-1804, kuquka buya yegolide eyabiwa yi-US ngo-1914. IFransi iyodwa ityala Haiti ubuncinane $28 billion.
2. ukuba iUnited States buya Isiqithi saseNavassa ukuya eHaiti.
3. ukuba iZizwe eziManyeneyo ahlawule ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe nguMINUSTAH, omkhosi wakhe wabulala amashumi amawaka abantu baseHaiti, wadlwengula inani elingenakuxelwa labasetyhini, kwaye wazisa. kholera ungene elizweni.
4. ukuba abantu baseHaiti bavunyelwe ukuba bazakhele ulawulo lwabo, isidima, kunye nesikhokelo sezopolitiko nesoqoqosho esifanelekileyo kunye nokudala imfundo kunye neenkqubo zempilo ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenene zabantu.
5. ukuba yonke imikhosi eqhubekayo ichasene nokuhlasela komkhosi eHaiti.

UMarie-Hélène Cauvin (eHaiti), uTrinité ('uBathathu Emnye'), ngo-2003

Iimfuno zengqiqo eqhelekileyo kwesi silumkiso sibomvu azifuni kucaciswa kakhulu, kodwa zifuna ukunyuswa.

Amazwe aseNtshona aya kuthetha ngolu ngenelelo olutsha lomkhosi kunye namabinzana afana 'nokubuyisela idemokhrasi' kunye 'nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu'. Amagama athi 'idemokhrasi' kunye 'namalungelo oluntu' ajongelwa phantsi kwezi meko. Oku kwakuboniswa kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoSeptemba, xa uMongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden wathi ukuba urhulumente wakhe uyaqhubeka 'emi nommelwane wethu eHaiti'. Ukuba lilize kwala mazwi kutyhilwa kwi-Amnesty International entsha umbiko amaxwebhu okuxhatshazwa ngokobuhlanga abajongene nawo abantu baseHaiti abafuna indawo yokukhosela eUnited States. I-US kunye neQela leCore linokuma nabantu abafana no-Ariel Henry kunye ne-oligarchy yaseHaiti, kodwa abami kunye nabantu baseHaiti, kuquka nabo babalekele eUnited States.