INkundla yamaTyala oLwaphulo-mthetho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe amaAfrika kunye nephupha loBulungisa

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, UEpreli 8, 2020

Ifilimu "Umtshutshisi, "Libalisa ibali leNkundla yamatyala oLwaphulo-mthetho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, kugxilwe kumtshutshisi wayo wokuqala, uLuis Moreno-Ocampo, ngemigca emininzi yonyaka ka-2009. Waye wabamba eso sikhundla ukusukela ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2012.

Lo mboniso bhanyabhanya uqalisa ngokutshutshisa inqwelo-moya kwilali yaseAfrika ukwazisa abantu ukuba i-ICC izisa indlela yayo yobulungisa kwiindawo kwihlabathi liphela, hayi nje ilali yabo. Kodwa, ewe, sonke siyayazi ukuba ayinyani, kwaye siyayazi ngoku ukuba nakwiminyaka elishumi kususela oko kwenziwa ifilimu, i-ICC ayikhange igwebe mntu waseMelika okanye kulo naliphi na ilizwe le-NATO okanye i-Israel okanye iRussia okanye iChina okanye naphina ngaphandle kweAfrika.

UMoreno-Ocampo wayetshutshise ngempumelelo amagosa aphezulu eArgentina ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Kodwa xa wayeqala e-ICC kugxila e-Afrika. Oku bekuyenye indawo kuba izizwe zase-Afrika zazicela oku kutshutshiswa. Kwaye ke abanye ababephikisana nocalucalulo oluya e-Afrika, ewe, babengabamangaleli bezolwaphulo-mthetho abanokuzinceda.

I-ICC ekuqaleni ibiswele amandla okutshutshisa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ngokuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho oluthile kwiimfazwe. (Ngoku inabo obu buchule kodwa awukayisebenzisi.) Ke, sibona uMoreno-Ocampo noogxa bakhe betshutshisa ukusetyenziswa kwamajoni abantwana, ngokungathi ukusebenzisa abantu abadala kuya kuba kulungile.

Ukugxininisa uluvo lweemfazwe ezifanelekileyo ziyi-rhetoric kwifilimu, njengokuthi: "Oko kwenziwa ngamaNazi yayingezizo ezomlo. Zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. ” Eli bango liyingozi ngokwenene. Uvavanyo lweNuremberg lwalusekwe kwi-Kellogg-Briand Pact eyayithintele nje imfazwe. Izilingo zijijise umthetho ngokungacaphuki kunye nengqondo yokuba iyayekisa "imfazwe enobundlongondlongo," kwaye yandise umthetho ngokubonakalayo ukubandakanya iindawo zomlo njengolwaphulo-mthetho oluthile. Kodwa yayizezolwaphulo-mthetho kuphela kuba beyinxalenye yolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu emfazweni, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluchazwa eNuremberg njengolwaphulo mthetho oluphezulu lwamazwe amaninzi kuba lubandakanya abanye abaninzi. Kwaye imfazwe ihlala ilulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi kweKellogg-Briand Pact kunye ne-UN Charter.

Ifilimu ikhankanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa e-Israel nase-US e-Gaza nase-Afghanistan ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa akukho mntu ubekwa tyala, hayi ngelo xesha kwaye hayi ukusukela ngoko. Endaweni yoko, sibona ukutshutshiswa kwabantu base-Afrika, kubandakanya ukumangalelwa kuka-Mongameli wase-Sudan, kunye nabantu abahlukeneyo eCongo nase-Uganda, nangona bengengabo abo bangokuhlwa baseNtshona njengoPaul Kagame. Sibona uMoreno-Ocampo esiya eUganda ukuya kunyanzela uMongameli uMuseveni (naye onokuba wagwetywa kaninzi) ukungavumeli uMongameli wase-Sudan otyholwayo ukuba abatyelele ngaphandle kokubanjwa. Sikwabona, ubukhulu becala etyala le-ICC, ukutshutshiswa "kwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho" kumacala achasene nemfazwe efanayo -into endibona njengenyathelo eliluncedo kakhulu kwinjongo uMorno-Ocampo usenokungabi nayo, injongo yokutshutshisa ukuloba yimfazwe ngabo bonke abo bayiphilayo.

Ifilimu ithatha inani lokugxeka kwe-ICC. Inye ingxoxo yokuba uxolo lufuna ukulalanisa, ukuba izoyikiso zokutshutshisa zinokubangela inkuthazo xa kuxoxiswana ngoxolo. Ifilimu, ewe, yifilimu, hayi incwadi, ngenxa yoko isinika iikowuti kwicala ngalinye kwaye ingahlali nto. Ndiyakrokrela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuphononongwa ngobunono kobungqina kuya kuba nobunzima ngokuchasene nale mpikiswano yokuphepha ukutshutshisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, abantu abenze le ngxoxo abazikhuseli ngokwabo kodwa abanye. Kwaye babonakala ngathi abanalo naluphi na ubungqina obubonisa ukuba iimfazwe zihlala ixesha elide xa kutshutshiswa. Okwangoku, i-ICC ichaza ubungqina bokuba ukuzisa isimangalo kungalandelwa yinkqubela phambili yoxolo, kunye nokutshutshiswa okusoyikisayo kokusetyenziswa kwamajoni abantwana kwelinye ilizwe lehlabathi kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusetyenziswa kwabo kwezinye iindawo.

Ifilimu ikwachukumisa ibango lokuba i-ICC ayinakuphumelela ngaphandle kokudala umkhosi wehlabathi. Oku ngokucacileyo akunjalo. I-ICC isenokungaphumeleli ngaphandle kwenkxaso yabenzi bemfazwe abakhulu behlabathi ababambe amandla e-veto kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, kodwa ngenkxaso yabo iya kuba nezixhobo ezininzi ezinamandla zokulandela ezo zibonakalisayo-ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho iindlela zokunyanzelisa ukubanjwa .

Yintoni enokwenziwa i-ICC, ukuba ayikhupheki phantsi kwesithupha sabenzi bemfazwe? Ewe, ndicinga ukuba abasebenzi bayo bangoku bayazi ngokucacileyo into enokuyenza, kuba bahlala besigculela ngalo. Iminyaka emininzi, bebezama ukubonisa umbono wokutshutshisa ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwase-US olwenziwe e-ICC-yelungu-e-Afghanistan. UMoreno-Ocampo ugcina ephindaphindiweyo kule filimu ukuba semthethweni nokuba nesandla kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze inkundla isinde kakhulu. Ndiyavuma. Chaza okanye uthethe kamnandi. I-ICC kufuneka ibabeke ityala abenzi bemfazwe baseNtshona ngezenzo ezibi ngexesha leemvume zokugcina ixesha elide, kwaye kufuneka icace gca kwihlabathi ukuba iyakubagweba ngexesha elifanelekileyo abo banembambano yokuqalisa iimfazwe ezintsha.

UBen Ferencz wenza inqaku elifanelekileyo kwifilimu: Ukuba i-ICC ibuthathaka, isisombululo kukuyiqinisa. Inxalenye yala mandla kufuneka ukuba iyeke ukuba yinkundla kuphela yamaAfrika.