Ukubaluleka kokungathathi cala okusebenzayo kuMazwe ngaMazwe kunye nakuXolo lweHlabathi

NguEd Horgan, World BEYOND War, UJuni 4, 2023

Inkcazo-ntetho nguGqr Edward Horgan, umlweli woxolo kunye ne-Irish Peace and Neutrality Alliance, World BEYOND War, kunye neVeterans For Peace.   

NgoJanuwari ka-2021 iqela lamagqala asuka kumazwe aliqela kuquka neKholombiya labandakanyeka ekuphuhliseni iprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba yiProjekthi yokungathathi cala kwaMazwe ngaMazwe. Sasinexhala lokuba ungquzulwano olusempuma Ukraine lunokuphumela ekubeni yimfazwe enkulu. Sasikholelwa ukuba ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-Ukraine kwakuyimfuneko ekuphepheni imfazwe enjalo kwaye kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokukhuthaza ingcamango yokungathathi hlangothi kumazwe ngamazwe njengenye indlela yeemfazwe zobundlobongela kunye neemfazwe zemithombo, ezazisenziwa kubantu baseMbindi Mpuma kunye kwenye indawo. Ngelishwa, iUkraine iye yakulahla ukungathathi cala kwayo kwaye ungquzulwano lwaseUkraine lwaba yimfazwe enkulu ngoFebruwari 2022, kwaye amazwe amabini aseYurophu angathathi hlangothi, iSweden neFinland nawo aye anyanzelwa ukuba alahle ubundilele bawo.

Ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yomlomo, iimfazwe zobundlobongela ngenjongo yokubamba izixhobo ezixabisekileyo ziye zaqhutywa yi-US kunye ne-NATO yayo kunye namanye amahlakani ngokuphulwa kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-UN Charter, usebenzisa iMfazwe yokuNxilisa njengesizathu. Zonke iimfazwe zobundlongondlongo bezingekho mthethweni phantsi kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kuquka iKellogg-Briand-Pact kunye neMigaqo yaseNuremberg eyayikhupha iimfazwe zobundlobongela.

I-UN Charter ikhethe inkqubo yepragmatic ngakumbi 'yokhuseleko oludityanisiweyo', kancinane njengeeMusketeers eziThathu - enye yabo bonke kwaye yonke enye. Aba bantu bathathu baba ngamalungu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha aziwa njengamapolisa amahlanu, awayenikwe uxanduva lokugcina okanye ukunyanzelisa uxolo lwezizwe ngezizwe. I-US yaba lelona lizwe linamandla emhlabeni ekupheleni kweWW 2. Yayisebenzise izixhobo zeathom ngokungeyomfuneko ngokuchasene neJapan ukubonisa amandla ayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngayo nayiphi na imigangatho olu yayilulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima lwemfazwe. I-USSR yaqhushumba ibhombu yayo yokuqala yeathom ngo-1949 ibonisa ubunyani benkqubo yamandla yamazwe ngamazwe e-bipolar. Kule Nkulungwane yama-21 ukusetyenziswa, okanye nokuba nezixhobo zenyukliya kufanele kuthathwe njengohlobo lobunqolobi behlabathi.

Le meko yayinokuthi kwaye ifanele ukuba isonjululwe ngoxolo emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo, kodwa iinkokeli zase-US zabona ukuba i-US iphinde ibe lelona lizwe linamandla emhlabeni kwaye bashukunyiselwa ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo oku. Endaweni yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngoku i-NATO engasafunekiyo, njengoko iSivumelwano saseWarsaw sasisele sithathiwe umhlala-phantsi, i-NATO ekhokelwa yi-US yazibetha ngoyaba izithembiso ezenziwa eRussia zokungayandisi i-NATO kumazwe ayesakuba yiWarsaw Pact. Umthetho kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla kuye kwathabathel' indawo ulawulo lomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Amagunya e-veto amalungu amahlanu asisigxina e-UNSC (i-P5) abavumela ukuba benze ngokungenasohlwayo kunye nokwaphulwa kwe-Charter ye-UN ekufuneka bawugcine, kuba i-UNSC evaliweyo ayinakuthatha amanyathelo ohlwaya kubo.

Oku kukhokelele kuthotho lweemfazwe ezingekho mthethweni eziyingozi yi-US, NATO kunye namanye amahlakani, kubandakanya imfazwe neSerbia ngo-1999, Afghanistan 2001, Iraq 2003 nakwezinye iindawo. Baluthathele ezandleni zabo umthetho wezizwe ngezizwe baza baba sesona sisongelo kuxolo lwezizwe ngezizwe.

Imikhosi ehlaselayo akufunekanga ibekho kula maxesha ayingozi eluntwini apho umkhosi oxhaphazayo usenza umonakalo ongathethekiyo eluntwini ngokwalo nakwimekobume ehlala uluntu. Imikhosi yokhuselo yokwenyani iyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe iinkosi zemfazwe, izigebenga zamazwe ngamazwe, oozwilakhe, kunye nabanqolobi, kubandakanywa nabanqolobi benqanaba likarhulumente, ukuba benze ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kunye nokutshabalalisa iPlanethi yethu yoMhlaba. Kwixesha elidlulileyo i-Warsaw Pact imikhosi yabandakanyeka kwizenzo ezinobundlobongela obungenasizathu kwimpuma yeYurophu, kwaye amagunya aseYurophu kunye namakoloniyali enza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezininzi ngokuchasene noluntu kwiindawo zabo zangaphambili. UMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo wawulungiselelwe ukuba ube sisiseko senkqubo ephuculwe kakhulu yomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe eyayiza kuphelisa olu lwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu.

NgoFebruwari ka-2022 iRussia yazimanya nabaphuli bomthetho ngokusungula umlo wohlaselo nxamnye neUkraine, kuba yayikholelwa ukuba ukwanda kwe-NATO ukuya kwimida yayo kubeka isoyikiso esikhoyo kulawulo lwaseRussia. Iinkokeli zaseRussia ngokungathandabuzekiyo zangena kumgibe we-NATO ukusebenzisa ingxabano yaseUkraine njengemfazwe yommeli okanye imfazwe yezixhobo ezichasene neRussia.

Ingqikelelo yomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe wokungathathi cala yaziswa ukukhusela amazwe amancinane kuhlaselo olunjalo, kwaye iNgqungquthela yaseHague V yokungathathi cala ka-1907 yaba yinxalenye yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wokungathathi hlangothi. Kukho iinguqu ezininzi kwiinkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokungathathi hlangothi eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo. Olu lwahluko lugubungela umzobo ukusuka kubundilele abaxhobe kakhulu ukuya kokungathabathi cala. Amanye amazwe afana neCosta Rica akanamkhosi kwaye axhomekeke kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukukhusela ilizwe labo ekuhlaselweni. Kanye njengokuba imikhosi yamapolisa iyimfuneko ekukhuseleni abemi ngaphakathi kumazwe, inkqubo yobupolisa yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neyomthetho iyafuneka ukukhusela amazwe amancinci kumazwe amakhulu anobundlobongela. Imikhosi yokhuselo yokwenene ingafuneka kule njongo.

Ngokuyilwa kunye nokusasazwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya, alikho ilizwe, kubandakanya i-US, iRussia kunye neTshayina, elinokuthi liphinde liqinisekiswe ukuba liyakwazi ukukhusela amazwe kunye nabemi balo ekubeni bonganyelwe. Oku kukhokelele kwinto eyithiyori ephambeneyo yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe ebizwa ngokuba yi-Mutually Assured Destruction, ishunqulelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuba yi-MAD Le nkcazo-bungcali isekelwe kwinkolelo ephosakeleyo yokuba akukho nkokeli yelizwe iya kuba sisidenge okanye iphambene ngokwaneleyo ukuqalisa imfazwe yenyukliya.

Amanye amazwe anjengeSwitzerland kunye neOstriya angathathi hlangothi okufakwe kwimiGaqo-siseko yawo ngoko ke ukungathabathi cala kwawo kunokupheliswa kuphela ngovoto lwabemi bawo. Amanye amazwe anjengeSweden, i-Ireland, iCyprus ayengathathi hlangothi njengombandela womgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente kwaye kwiimeko ezinjalo, oku kunokutshintshwa ngesigqibo sikarhulumente, njengoko sele kwenzekile kwimeko yaseSweden neFinland. Uxinzelelo ngoku luyeza kwamanye amazwe angathathi hlangothi kuquka neIreland ukuba alahle ubundilele bawo. Olu xinzelelo luvela kwi-NATO nakwi-European Union. Uninzi lwamazwe e-EU ngoku ngamalungu apheleleyo omanyano lwe-NATO olundlongondlongo lwasemkhosini, ke ngoko i-NATO sele iyithathele kwi-European Union. Ukungathathi hlangothi koMgaqo-siseko ke ngoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kumazwe anjengeColombia neIreland njengoko kuphela ireferendamu yabantu bayo enokuphelisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwayo.

Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo, i-US kunye ne-NATO zathembisa iRashiya ukuba i-NATO ayizukwandiswa kumazwe asempuma yeYurophu ukuya kwimida yaseRashiya. Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba onke amazwe kwimida yaseRashiya aya kuthathwa njengamazwe angathathi hlangothi, ukusuka eLwandle lweBaltic ukuya kuLwandle oluMnyama Esi sivumelwano saphulwa ngokukhawuleza yi-US kunye ne-NATO.

Imbali ibonisa ukuba xa amazwe anoburhalarhume evelisa izixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi eziya kusetyenziswa ezi zixhobo. Iinkokeli zase-US ezazisebenzisa izixhobo zeathom ngo-1945 zazingeyo-MAD, zaziyi-BAD nje. Iimfazwe zobundlongondlongo sele zingekho mthethweni, kodwa kufuneka kufunyanwe iindlela zokuthintela oko kungabikho semthethweni.

Ngomdla woluntu, kunye nomdla wazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba, ngoku kukho imeko eqinileyo yokwandisa ingcamango yokungathathi hlangothi kumazwe amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ubundilele obufunekayo ngoku akumele bube bubundilele apho oorhulumente bangazihoyi iimfazwe nokubandezeleka kwamanye amazwe. Kwihlabathi elinxibeleleneyo elisengozini esiphila kulo ngoku, imfazwe nakweyiphi na indawo yehlabathi iyingozi kuthi sonke. Ukungathathi hlangothi okulungileyo okusebenzayo kufuneka kukhuthazwe kwaye kukhuthazwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba amazwe angathathi hlangothi anelungelo elipheleleyo lokuzikhusela kodwa akanalo ilungelo lokulwa imfazwe kwamanye amazwe. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kube kukuzikhusela ngokunyanisekileyo. Kananjalo iyakunyanzela amazwe angathathi hlangothi ukuba akhuthaze ngokusebenzayo kwaye ancedise ekugcineni uxolo nobulungisa bezizwe ngezizwe. Uxolo ngaphandle kobulungisa kukuphela komlilo okwexeshana njengoko kwaboniswa yiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala neyeSibini.

Kukho iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kwingqikelelo yokungathathi hlangothi, kwaye ezi ziquka ezo zokungathabathi cala ezibi okanye zokungakhethi cala. I-Ireland ingumzekelo welizwe eliye laqhelisela ukungathabathi cala kwezopolitiko, okoko langena kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1955. Nangona i-Ireland inomkhosi omncinane wokhuselo onamajoni amalunga nama-8,000 88, iye yanegalelo elikhulu kwiphulo lokugcina uxolo leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yaye iye yanenxaxheba kwiphulo lokulondoloza uxolo. alahlekelwe ngamajoni angama-XNUMX asweleke kule mishini yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, elizinga eliphezulu lokwenzakala kuMkhosi omncinci woKhuselo.

Kwimeko yase-Ireland, ukungathathi cala okusebenzayo okuthe gqolo kuthetha ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuphelisa ubukholoni kunye nokunceda amazwe asandul' ukuzimela kunye namazwe asakhulayo ngoncedo olusebenzayo kwimimandla efana nemfundo, iinkonzo zempilo kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho. Ngelishwa, okoko i-Ireland yajoyina i-European Union, kwaye ngakumbi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, i-Ireland ithande ukutsalelwa kwizenzo zamazwe amakhulu e-EU kunye namagunya angaphambili e-colonial ekuxhaphazeni amazwe asakhulayo kunokuba awancede ngokunyanisekileyo. I-Ireland yonakalise kakhulu isidima sayo sokungathabathi cala ngokuvumela umkhosi wase-US ukuba usebenzise isikhululo seenqwelomoya sase-Shannon entshona ye-Ireland ukuba ulwe iimfazwe zalo zobundlobongela kuMbindi Mpuma. I-US, i-NATO kunye ne-European Union bebesebenzisa uxinzelelo lwezozakuzo kunye noqoqosho ukuzama ukufumana amazwe angathathi hlangothi eYurophu ukuba alahle ukungathathi hlangothi kwawo kwaye ayaphumelela kule nzame. Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba isohlwayo senkunzi sikhutshwe ngokusemthethweni kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU kwaye olu luphuhliso oluhle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, awona malungu anamandla e-NATO nawo angamalungu e-EU ebebulala abantu ngokungekho mthethweni kuMbindi Mpuma kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Esi sisohlwayo sokufa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngemfazwe. IJografi nayo inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekungathathi hlangothi okuyimpumelelo kunye nendawo ekwisiqithi saseIreland kumda osentshona weYurophu yenza kube lula ukugcina ubundilele bayo. Oku kwahlukile kumazwe anjengeBelgium neNetherlands aye kwaphulwa ubundilele bawo izihlandlo eziliqela. Nangona kunjalo, imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka iphuculwe kwaye isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungathathi hlangothi kwawo onke amazwe angathathi hlangothi kuyahlonitshwa kwaye kuyaxhaswa.

Nangona inemida emininzi, iNgqungquthela yaseHague yokungathathi hlangothi ithathwa njengesiseko semithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ngokungathathi hlangothi. Ukuzikhusela ngokunyanisekileyo kuvunyelwe phantsi kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yokungathathi hlangothi, kodwa lo mba uxhatshazwe kakhulu ngamazwe anobundlongondlongo. Ukungathabathi cala okusebenzayo yenye indlela enokusetyenziswa kwiimfazwe zogonyamelo. Le projekthi yokungathathi hlangothi kwamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yephulo elibanzi lokwenza i-NATO kunye nezinye izivumelwano zomkhosi ezinobundlongondlongo zingafuneki. Uhlaziyo okanye ukuguqulwa kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kuyenye into ephambili, kodwa lowo ngomnye umsebenzi wosuku.

Ingqikelelo kunye nesenzo sokungathathi hlangothi sihlaselwa kumazwe ngamazwe, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba iphosakele, kodwa ngenxa yokuba icela umngeni ekwandeni komkhosi kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla ngawona mazwe anamandla. Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wakhe nawuphi na urhulumente kukukhusela bonke abantu bakhe kunye nokusukela izilangazelelo zabantu bakhe. Ukubandakanyeka kwamanye amazwe iimfazwe kunye nokuzimanya nezivumelwano zomkhosi ezinobundlobongela akuzange kubancede abantu bamazwe amancinci.

Ukungathathi hlangothi okulungileyo akuthinteli urhulumente ongathathi hlangothi ekubeni nobudlelwane obuhle bozakuzo, uqoqosho, kunye nenkcubeko kunye nawo onke amanye amazwe. Onke amazwe angathathi hlangothi kufuneka abandakanyeke ngokukhutheleyo ekukhuthazeni uxolo lwesizwe nolwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobulungisa behlabathi. Lo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kokungathabathi cala okungalunganga, ukungathathi hlangothi kwelinye icala, kunye nokungathathi hlangothi okulungileyo kwelinye icala. Ukukhuthaza uxolo lwamazwe ngamazwe akuwona nje umsebenzi weZizwe eziManyeneyo, ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlanga, kuquka neColombia. Ngelishwa, iZizwe eziManyeneyo azivunyelwanga ukuba zenze owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wokudala nokugcina uxolo lwamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo eyenza kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba zonke iintlanga ezingamalungu e-UN kufuneka zisebenze ngenkuthalo ukudala uxolo nobulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe. Uxolo olungenabulungisa lukupheliswa nje okwexeshana. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo woku yayisisivumelwano soxolo seWW 1 Versailles, esasingenabulungisa kwaye sasingomnye woonobangela beWW 2.

Ukungathabathi cala okungalunganga okanye ukungathathi hlangothi kuthetha ukuba urhulumente uphepha nje iimfazwe kunye nengqondo ishishini lakhe kwimicimbi yezizwe ngezizwe. Umzekelo woku yayiyi-United States kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala nakwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, xa i-US yahlala ingathathi cala de yanyanzeliswa ukuba ibhengeze imfazwe ngokuzika kweLusitania kwiWW 1 kunye nohlaselo lwaseJapan kwiZibuko lasePearl kwiWW 2. Ukungathabathi cala okusebenzayo lolona hlobo lulungileyo noluluncedo lokungathathi cala ingakumbi kweli 21^st kwinkulungwane xa uluntu lujongene neengxaki ezininzi ezikhoyo kuquka utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neengozi zemfazwe yenyukliya. Abantu kunye namazwe abasakwazi ukuhlala bebodwa leli hlabathi lixhomekeke kwelinye lanamhlanje. Ukungathathi cala okuSebenzayo kufanele kuthetha ukuba amazwe angathathi hlangothi akakhathaleli ishishini lawo kuphela, kodwa asebenze ngokukhutheleyo ukunceda ukudala uxolo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobulungisa behlabathi kwaye kufuneka ahlale esebenzela ukuphucula nokunyanzelisa imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Iinzuzo zokungathathi hlangothi zibandakanya into yokuba ukungathathi hlangothi yingqungquthela eyaziwayo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngokungafaniyo nokungahambelani, kwaye ngoko ke ibeka imisebenzi kungekuphela nje kumazwe angathathi hlangothi kodwa ibeka imisebenzi kumazwe angathathi hlangothi, ukuhlonipha ukungathathi hlangothi kwamazwe angathathi hlangothi. Kukho amatyala amaninzi ngokwembali apho amazwe angathathi hlangothi aye ahlaselwa kwiimfazwe zobundlongondlongo, kodwa kanye njengokuba abaphangi beebhanki nababulali besaphula imithetho yelizwe ngokunjalo amazwe anobundlongondlongo ayaphula imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Yingakho ukukhuthaza ukuhlonishwa kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kutheni amanye amazwe angathathi hlangothi angakufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukuba nemikhosi yokukhusela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwilizwe layo, ngelixa ezinye ezifana neCosta Rica zinokuba ngumbuso ongathathi hlangothi, ngaphandle kokuba naluphi na umkhosi. amandla. Ukuba ilizwe elinje ngeColombia linemithombo yendalo exabisekileyo, kuya kufuneka kube bubulumko ukuba iColombia ibe nemikhosi yokhuselo elungileyo, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kuchithwa iibhiliyoni zeedola kwezona nqwelomoya zokulwa ezihlaziyiweyo, iitanki zokulwa kunye neenqanawa zokulwa. Izixhobo zokhuselo zomkhosi zale mihla zinokwenza ilizwe elingathathi hlangothi likhusele ummandla walo ngaphandle kokudodobalisa uqoqosho lwalo. Ufuna kuphela izixhobo zomkhosi ezinobundlongondlongo ukuba uhlasela okanye uhlasela amanye amazwe kwaye amazwe angathathi hlangothi awavumelekanga ukwenza oku. Amazwe angathathi hlangothi kufuneka akhethe uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwemikhosi yokukhusela yokwenene kwaye achithe imali abayigcinayo ekuboneleleni ngempilo esemgangathweni, iinkonzo zentlalontle, imfundo kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo kubantu babo. Ngexesha loxolo, imikhosi yakho yokukhusela yaseColombia ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi ezintle ezifana nokukhusela nokuphucula indalo, kunye nokuncedisa ukuxolelana, kunye nokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo yoluntu. Nawuphi na urhulumente kufuneka agxininise ikakhulu ekukhuseleni iimfuno zabantu bakhe kunye nomdla obanzi woluntu, kwaye angakhuseli nje ummandla wakhe. Nokuba zingaphi na iibhiliyoni zeedola ozichitha kwimikhosi yakho yasemkhosini, ayisoze yanele ukunqanda igunya elikhulu lehlabathi ekuhlaseleni nasekuthatheni ilizwe lakho. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukunqanda okanye ukutyhafisa naluphi na uhlaselo olunjalo ngokwenza kube nzima kwaye kubize kakhulu ukuba amandla amakhulu ahlasele ilizwe lakho. Ngokombono wam oku kunokufezekiswa ngombuso ongathathi hlangothi ongazami ukukhusela into engafanelekanga kodwa ukuba ube nomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokulungiselela ukubhenela ekusebenzisaneni ngoxolo kunye nayo nayiphi na imikhosi ehlaselayo. Amazwe amaninzi anjengeVietnam kunye ne-Ireland asebenzisa imfazwe ye-guerrilla ukuze afezekise ukuzimela kwawo kodwa iindleko kubomi babantu azinakwamkeleka kakhulu ngakumbi nge-21.^st imfazwe yenkulungwane. Ukugcina uxolo ngeendlela zoxolo kunye nolawulo lomthetho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Ukuzama ukudala uxolo ngokudala imfazwe kuyindlela yokuphelisa intlekele. Akukho mntu wakha wabuza abo babulawa emfazweni ukuba bacinga ukuba ukufa kwabo kwakufanelekile okanye 'kufanelekile'. Ukanti, xa uSosiba weLizwe laseUnited States uMadeline Albright wayebuzwa ngokusweleka kwabantwana baseIraq abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi ngeminyaka yee-1990 nokuba ixabiso lalifanelekile kusini na, waphendula wathi: “Ndicinga ukuba olu khetho lunzima kakhulu, kodwa ixabiso, cinga, ixabiso lifanelekile. "

Xa sihlalutya iinketho zokhuselo lwesizwe iinzuzo zokungathathi hlangothi zigqithise kakhulu naziphi na iingxaki. ISweden, iFinland neOstriya zakugcina ngokuphumelelayo ubundilele bazo ebudeni beMfazwe Yomlomo, yaye kwimeko yeSweden, zahlala zingoondilele ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-200. Ngoku, kunye neSweden neFinland belahla ukungathathi hlangothi kwaye bazibandakanya ne-NATO babeke abantu babo kunye namazwe abo kwimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba iUkraine ibihlala ingathathi hlangothi, ibingazukuthwaxwa yimfazwe etshabalalisayo ethe yabulala ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yabantu bayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kunye nabaxhamli kuphela ngabavelisi bezixhobo. Imfazwe yobundlobongela yaseRussia nayo yenza umonakalo omkhulu kubantu baseRussia, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baxhokonxwa njani ukwanda kwe-NATO. Umongameli waseRussia uPutin wenze impazamo enkulu ekuhambeni kumgibe olungelelanisiweyo we-NATO. Akukho nto ithethelela ubundlongondlongo obusetyenziswa yiRussia ekuthatheni kwayo impuma Ukraine. Ngokunjalo, i-US kunye namahlakani ayo e-NATO ayengenasizathu sokubhukuqa oorhulumente base-Afghanistan, e-Iraq naseLibya, kunye nokwenza uhlaselo lwasemkhosini olungafanelekanga eSyria, Yemen nakwezinye iindawo.

Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ayanelanga kwaye ayinyanzeliswa. Isisombululo koku kukuphucula rhoqo imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuphendula ngokwaphulwa kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Kulapho ukungathathi cala okusebenzayo kufanele kusetyenziswe khona. Amazwe angathathi hlangothi kufuneka ahlale ekhuthaza ubulungisa behlabathi kunye nohlaziyo kunye nohlaziyo lwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho.

I-UN yamiselwa ngokuyintloko ukudala nokugcina uxolo lwezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa i-UN ithintelwe ukwenza oku ngamalungu ayo asisigxina e-UNSC.

Iingxabano zamva nje eSudan, Yemen nakwezinye iindawo zibonisa imingeni efanayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Abenzi bomkhosi bemfazwe yamakhaya eSudan abalweli abantu baseSudan, benza ngokuchaseneyo. Balwa imfazwe nabantu baseSudan ukuze baqhubeke nobuqhophololo besiba izinto ezixabisekileyo zaseSudan. ISaudi Arabia kunye namahlakani ayo axhaswa yi-US, iBritane kunye nabanye ababoneleli bezixhobo baye babandakanyeka kwimfazwe yokubulala abantu baseYemen. Amazwe aseNtshona kunye namanye asebenzisa izixhobo zeDemocratic Republic of Congo ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ngeendleko ezinkulu kubomi kunye nokubandezeleka kwabantu baseCongo.

Amalungu amahlanu asisigxina eBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN ayenikwe umsebenzi okhethekileyo wokuxhasa imithetho-siseko kunye namanqaku oMqulu we-UN. Nangona kunjalo abathathu kubo, i-US, i-UK kunye neFransi baye benza ngokuchasene ne-UN Charter ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe ebandayo, nangaphambi koko eVietnam nakwezinye iindawo. Kutshanje iRussia ibisenza okufanayo ngokuhlasela kunye nokulwa imfazwe eUkraine nangaphambi koko, eAfghanistan ngeminyaka yoo-1980.

Ilizwe lam, i-Ireland, lincinci kuneColombia, kodwa njengeColombia siye sabandezeleka kwiimfazwe zamakhaya kunye nengcinezelo yangaphandle. Ngokuba lilizwe elisebenzayo elingathathi hlangothi, i-Ireland idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uxolo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobulungisa behlabathi kwaye iphumelele uxolelwaniso ngaphakathi kwe-Ireland. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iColombia inako kwaye kufuneka yenze ngokunjalo.

Ngelixa abanye banokuxoxa ukuba kukho izinto ezingeloncedo ngokungathathi hlangothi ezinjengokunqongophala komanyano, kunye nentsebenziswano namahlakani, ukuba sesichengeni kwizisongelo zehlabathi kunye nemingeni, oku kungena mpikiswano kuphela kukungathathi hlangothi okungalunganga. Uhlobo lokungathathi hlangothi oluyifaneleyo imeko yamazwe ngamazwe kwiNkulungwane yama-21, kwaye luyifanele kakhulu iKholombiya, kukungathathi cala okusebenzayo apho amazwe angathathi hlangothi akhuthaza uxolo nobulungisa kumanqanaba esizwe, engingqi kunye namazwe ngamazwe. Ukuba iColombia iba lilizwe elisebenzayo elingathathi hlangothi, iya kubonelela ngomzekelo omhle kakhulu kuwo onke amanye amazwe aseLatin America ukuba alandele umzekelo waseColombia kunye neCosta Rica. Xa ndijonga imephu yehlabathi, ndibona ukuba iColombia ibekwe ngobuchule kakhulu. Kufana nokuba iColombia ngumgcini-sango kuMzantsi Merika. Masenze iKholombiya ibe nguMgcini-sango WOXOLO kunye noBulungisa beHlabathi.