NgoTerry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War, EyoMdumba 24 2021
Umboniso bhanya-bhanya wase-Israeli obizwa ngokuba yiLebu wenziwa ngo-2013. Wawuboniswa ePitoli naseKapa, eYurophu, e-Australia naseMelika kwaye waphumelela iimbasa ezininzi, nkqu nakwi-Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival.[i]
Ithisisi yefilimu kukuba ukuhlala kuka-Israyeli eGaza kunye ne-West Bank "yilebhu" ukuze u-Israyeli akwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuba izixhobo zakhe ziye "zavavanywa idabi kwaza kwaqinisekiswa" ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe. Kwaye, okona kubi kakhulu, indlela igazi lasePalestine eliguqulwa ngayo laba yimali!
IKomiti yeeNkonzo zaMazwe aseMelika (iiQuaker) eJerusalem isandula ukukhupha iZiko ledatha lase-Israeli loMkhosi noKhuseleko kuZwelonke (DIMSE).[ii] Iinkcukacha zophononongo zorhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezikhali zakwa-Israeli kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2000 ukuya ku-2019. I-Indiya ne-US ibe ngabangenisi ababini abaphambili, iTurkey ibe yeyesithathu.
Amanqaku esifundo:
U-Israyeli ubalwa minyaka le phakathi kwezona zilishumi zithumela ngaphandle izixhobo kwihlabathi, kodwa akaxeli rhoqo kwirejista yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiingalo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye khange asamkele isivumelwano seArms Trade. Inkqubo yezomthetho yasekhaya yakwa-Israeli ayifuni kucaca gca kwimiba yorhwebo lwezixhobo, kwaye okwangoku akukho mthetho uthintelayo kumalungelo oluntu kuthumelo lweengalo zase-Israeli ngaphaya kokuthobela imiqathango ye-UN Security Council. ”
I-Israel ibonelele ngoozwilakhe baseMyanmar ngezixhobo zomkhosi ukusukela ngeye-1950s. Kodwa kuphela kwi-2017-emva kwesidubedube sehlabathi malunga nokubulawa kwabantu kwamaSilamsi amaRohingyas nasemva kokuba abalweli bamalungelo abantu bakwa-Israeli basebenzise iinkundla zase-Israeli ukubhengeza urhwebo-ngaba oku kwaba lihlazo kurhulumente wase-Israeli.[iii]
I-Ofisi yoMkomishinala oPhezulu we-UN wamaLungelo oLuntu e-2018 ibhengeze ukuba jikelele waseMyanmar kufuneka azame ukubulala. Inkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe e-The Hague e-2020 yayalela iMyanmar ukuba ithintele ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubantu abambalwa baseRohingya, kunye nokugcina ubungqina bokuhlaselwa kwangaphambili.[iv]
Ngokunikwa kwimbali yokuBulawa KwamaNazi ngamaNazi, yinto enobuqhetseba ukuba urhulumente wase-Israeli kunye nomzi mveliso weengalo zase-Israeli bebesebenza ngokuzimisela ekubulaweni kwabantu eMyanmar nasePalestine kunye namanye amazwe, kubandakanya iSri Lanka, iRwanda, iKashmir, iSerbia nePhilippines.[v] Kuyihlazo ngokulinganayo ukuba i-US ikhusele ilizwe layo lase-Israeli ngokusebenzisa kakubi amandla ayo e-veto kwi-UN Security Council.
Kwincwadi yakhe enesihloko esithi Imfazwe nxamnye naBantu, Itshantliziyo loxolo lakwa-Israeli uJeff Halper uvula ngombuzo: "U-Israyeli ubaleka njani?" Impendulo yakhe kukuba u-Israyeli wenza "umsebenzi omdaka" e-US hayi eMiddle East kuphela, kodwa nase-Afrika, e-Latin America nakwezinye iindawo ngokuthengisa izixhobo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nokugcina ubuzwilakhe emandleni ngokuphanga izibonelelo zendalo kubandakanya iidayimani, ubhedu , coltan, igolide kunye neoyile.[vi]
Incwadi kaHalper ixhasa zombini iLebhu kunye nesifundo se-DIMSE. Owayengummeli wase-US kwa-Israyeli ngo-2009 elumkisa ephikisa ukuba u-Israyeli uya esiba “lilizwe lesithembiso lolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo”. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngoku kwecandelo layo leengalo kukuba u-Israyeli uye waba "yi-gangster state".
Amazwe alithoba aseAfrika afakiwe kwiziko ledatha le-DIMSE- iAngola, iCameroon, iCôte D'Ivoire, iEquatorial Guinea, iKenya, iMorocco, uMzantsi Afrika, iSouth Sudan neUganda. Oozwilakhe e-Angola, eCameroon nase-Uganda baxhomekeke kwinkxaso yezomkhosi wase-Israeli amashumi eminyaka. Onke la mazwe ayaziwa ngenkohlakalo kunye nokuphathwa gadalala kwamalungelo abantu okungasoloko kunxibelelana.
Uzwilakhe wexesha elide e-Angola u-Eduardo dos Santos wayesaziwa njengeyona ndoda ityebileyo e-Afrika ngelixa intombi yakhe u-Isobel ikwangoyena mfazi usisityebi e-Afrika.[vii] Bobabini utata nentombi ekugqibeleni bayatshutshiswa ngenkohlakalo.[viii] Iidipozithi zeoyile eAngola, e-Equatorial Guinea, eSudan naseSahara eseNtshona (ezihleliwe ukusukela ngo-1975 yiMorocco ngokuchasene nomthetho wamazwe aphesheya) zibonelela ngesizathu sokubandakanyeka kwa-Israeli.
Iidayimani zegazi ziyinto ethandekayo e-Angola naseCôte D'Ivoire (kunye neDemocratic Republic of Congo kunye neZimbabwe ezingafakwanga kufundo). Imfazwe yaseDRC ibizwa ngokuba "yiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala e-Afrika" kuba oonobangela bayo zii-cobalt, i-coltan, ubhedu kunye needayimani zeshishini ezifunwa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yishishini lemfazwe "lehlabathi lokuqala".
Ngebhanki yakhe yakwa-Israeli, isigantsontso sedayimani, uDan Gertler ngo-1997 wanika inkxaso yemali yokugxothwa kuka-Mobutu Sese Seko kunye nokuthathwa kwe-DRC ngu-Laurant Kabila. Iinkonzo zokhuselo zakwa-Israyeli emva koko zagcina uKabila kunye nonyana wakhe uJoseph esemandleni ngelixa uGertler aphanga ubutyebi bendalo beDRC.[ix]
Kwiintsuku nje phambi kokushiya isikhundla ngoJanuwari, owayesakuba nguMongameli uDonald Trump wakurhoxisa ukufakwa kukaGertler kuluhlu lwezohlwayo ze-Global Magnitsky apho uGertler wabekwa khona ngo-2017 “ngenxa yokurhwaphiliza kunye nokonakala kwezorhwebo eDRC”. Inzame kaTrump "yokuxolela" uGertler ngoku icelwe umngeni kwiSebe laseMelika kunye noNondyebo wase-US ngamaqela angamashumi amathathu aseCongo nakwamanye amazwe.[X]
Nangona u-Israyeli engenamigodi yedayimani, liziko eliphambili lokusika nokupolisha emhlabeni. Eyasungulwa ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ngoncedo lwase Mzantsi Afrika, urhwebo lwedayimani lwakhokelela kwindlela yokwenziwa kwamashishini kwa-Israyeli. Ishishini ledayimani lakwa-Israeli likwanxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nakumzi mveliso weengalo naseMossad.[xi]
ICôte D'Ivoire ibingazinzanga kwezopolitiko kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, kwaye ukuveliswa kwayo kwedayimane akubalulekanga.[xii] Ukanti ingxelo ye-DIMSE ityhila ukuba urhwebo lwedayimane lwaseCôte D'Ivoire luba phakathi kwe-50 000 kunye ne-300 000 carats, kunye neenkampani zase-Israeli ezenza izixhobo ezibandakanyekayo kurhwebo lweedayimani.
Abemi bakwa-Israeli babebandakanyeke ngokunzulu ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya eSierra Leone ngo-1990, kunye nemipu-kurhwebo lwedayimane. UColonel Yair Klein nabanye banikeze uqeqesho kwiRevolutionary United Front (RUF). Iqhinga le-RUF lokutyikitya yayikukunqunyulwa kwabantu, ukuxhuzula iingalo, imilenze, imilebe kunye neendlebe ngee-mache kunye nee-ax. Injongo yeRUF yayikukungcungcuthekisa abemi nokufumana ukongama okungalawulekiyo kumabala edayimane. ”[xiii]
Kwangokunjalo, inkampani engaphambili yaseMossad ityholwa ngokuqhatha unyulo lwaseZimbabwe ngexesha likaMugabe[xiv]. UMossad emva koko kukwatyholwa ukuba walungiselela ukubhukuqwa kuka-2017 xa u-Emmerson Mnangagwa engena endaweni kaMugabe. Iidayimani zaseMarange zaseZimbabwe zithunyelwa kwelakwaSirayeli zidlula eDubai.
Kwelinye icala i-Dubai-ikhaya elitsha labazalwana bakwaGupta laziwa njengelinye lamaziko aphambili okuthengisa imali, ekwangumhlobo omtsha wase-Israeli-ikhupha izatifikethi zobuqhetseba ngokweNkqubo yaseKimberley yokuba ezo dayimani zegazi azinangxabano. . Amatye ke asikwa apolishwa kwa-Israyeli ukuze athunyelwe e-US, ikakhulu kubafana abancinci abakhohlisileyo Isimangalo sentengiso sika-De Beers sokuba iidayimani zihlala zikhona.
UMzantsi Afrika ukwinqanaba lama-47th kwisifundo se-DIMSE. Ukungeniswa kwezixhobo ezivela kwa-Israyeli ukusukela ngo-2000 ibe ziinkqubo zeradar kunye neefowuni zenqwelo moya ezenzelwe isivumelwano seengalo ze-BAE / Saab Gripens, izithuthi zoqhushululu kunye neenkonzo zokhuselo lwe-cyber. Ngelishwa, amaxabiso emali awanikiwanga. Phambi kuka-2000, uMzantsi Afrika ngo-1988 wathenga iinqwelo-moya ezingama-60 ezazingasasetyenziswa ngumkhosi womoya wakwa-Israyeli. Inqwelomoya yaphuculwa ngexabiso le- $ 1.7 yezigidigidi yaza yaqanjwa igama kwathiwa yiCheetah, yaza yaziswa emva konyaka we-1994.
Olo manyano no-Israyeli lwaba lihlazo kwezopolitiko kwi-ANC. Nangona ezinye iinqwelomoya bezisesezimweni zokupakisha, ezo Cheetah zathengiswa ngamaxabiso okuthengisa umlilo eChile nase-Ecuador. Ezi Cheetah zaye zathathelwa indawo yi-BAE Hawks yase-Bhritane neyaseSweden kunye ne-BAE / Saab Gripens ngeendleko ezithe xhaxhe ze- $ 2.5 yezigidigidi.
Inkqubo ye-BAE / Saab yokujongana nenkohliso ingekasonjululwa. Malunga ne-160 lamaphepha afungelweyo avela kwi-Ofisi yeBritish Serious Fraud kunye nee Scorpions zichaza indlela nendlela iBAE ehlawula ngayo izinyobo ze- £ 115 yezigidi (i-R2 yeebhiliyoni), abo banikwa ezo nyotyo-mali, kwaye zeziphi ii-akhawunti zebhanki eMzantsi Afrika naphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngokuchasene neziqinisekiso ezivela kurhulumente wase-Bhritane kunye nokusayinwa kuka-Trevor Manuel, isivumelwano seminyaka engama-20 semali-mboleko yeBhanki i-Barclays yezo nqwelo-moya zokulwa ze-BAE / Saab ngumzekelo wencwadi ethi "kwihlabathi lesithathu" ukubanjwa kwamatyala ziibhanki zase-Bhritane.
Nangona ihlawula ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yorhwebo lwehlabathi, ishishini lemfazwe liqikelelwa ukuba liphendula nge-40 ukuya kwi-45 yepesenti yenkohliso yehlabathi. Olu qikelelo lungaqhelekanga luvela-kuzo zonke iindawo- i-Arhente yoBuntlola yaseCentral (i-CIA) ngeSebe lezoRhwebo laseMelika. [xv]
Urhwaphilizo lwezorhwebo lwezixhobo luya ngqo phezulu. Ibandakanya ukumkanikazi, iNkosana uCharles kunye namanye amalungu osapho lwasebukhosini lwaseBritane.[xvi] Ngaphandle kwezimbalwa, ikwabandakanya onke amalungu e-US Congress ngaphandle kwezopolitiko. UMongameli Dwight Eisenhower ngo-1961 walumkisa malunga neziphumo zento awayibiza ngokuba "yindawo yezomkhosi-yezomkhosi-yendibano".
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiLebhu, amapolisa aseBrazil abulala abantu kunye nama-100 amapolisa aseMelika aqeqeshiwe kwiindlela ezazisetyenziswa ngamaSirayeli ukucinezela amaPalestine. Ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd eMinneapolis kunye namanye ama-Afro-America kwezinye iidolophu kubonisa indlela ubundlobongela kunye nobuhlanga bobandlululo lwakwa-Israyeli oluthunyelwa kwilizwe jikelele. Isiphumo soqhankqalazo lweMicimbi yoBomi obuMnyama sigqamise ukuba i-US luluntu olungenakulingani kwaye olungasebenzi kakuhle.
IBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN emva kweyeNkanga ngo-1977 lagqiba kwelokuba ucalucalulo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu eMzantsi Afrika kwaba sisongelo kuxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe aphesheya. Ukuvalwa kweengalo kwamiselwa kwaye kwahluthwa amazwe amaninzi, ngakumbi iJamani, iFrance, i-Bhritane, i-US kwaye ngakumbi i-Israel.[xvii]
Iibhiliyoni ngezigidi zeerandi zachithwa kwiArmscor nakwezinye iikontraki zeengalo kuphuhliso lwezixhobo zenyukliya, imijukujelwa kunye nezinye izixhobo, ezingqineke zingenamsebenzi kwaphela ngokuchasene nenkcaso yekhaya. Ukanti endaweni yokukhusela ngempumelelo inkqubo yocalu-calulo, loo nkcitho ingakhathaliyo kwizixhobo ezonakalise uMzantsi Afrika.
Njengomhleli wangaphambili woSuku lweShishini, ongasekhoyo uKen Owen wabhala:
“Ububi bocalucalulo babungabezenkokheli zomphakathi: ukungabinangqondo yayiyipropathi yegosa lomkhosi. Yintsumantsumane yenkululeko yethu ukuba i-Afrikaner hegemony ibinokuhlala esinye isiqingatha senkulungwane ukuba abethiyori bezomkhosi bebengaphambukisi ubuncwane besizwe kwizenzo ezinjengeMossgas kunye neSasol, Armscor neNufcor, ekugqibeleni, abangasizuzelanga nto kodwa njengabaphulukene nentloni . ”[xviii]
Ngendlela efanayo, umhleli wephephancwadi iNoseweek, uMartin Welz wathi: “U-Israel wayeneengqondo, kodwa engenamali. UMzantsi Afrika ubunemali, kodwa akukho buchopho ”. Ngamafutshane, uMzantsi Afrika uxhase ngezimali uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yezixhobo yakwa-Israyeli namhlanje esisisongelo esikhulu kuxolo lwehlabathi. Xa u-Israyeli ekugqibeleni wazikhusela phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-US ngo-1991 kwaye waqala ukubuya umva kumfelandawonye wakhe noMzantsi Afrika, imboni yezomkhosi zase-Israeli kunye neenkokheli zomkhosi baphikisa kabukhali.
Babengenabantu kwaye bengafuni ukuba "ukuzibulala." Babhengeze ukuba "uMzantsi Afrika umsindisile uSirayeli". Kufuneka sikhumbule kananjalo ukuba imipu ye-G3 eyayisetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngamaPolisa oMzantsi Afrika kwindyikityha yokufa yaseMarikana ka-2012 yenziwa yiDenel phantsi kwelayisenisi kwa-Israel.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kuka-Mongameli u-PW Botha owayedume ngeNtetho yeRubicon nge-Agasti ka-1985, eli bhanki limhlophe lagcina ixesha elinye laba ngumvukeli. Ndandingumphathi weSebe lezeMali leNedbank eNtshona Koloni, kwaye ndinoxanduva lwemisebenzi yebhanki yamanye amazwe. Kwakhona ndandingumxhasi we-End Conscription Campaign (ECC), kwaye ndala ukuvumela unyana wam okwishumi elivisayo ukuba abhaliselwe ukuya emkhosini wocalu-calulo.
Isohlwayo sokwala ukuya kwi-SADF yaba kukuvalelwa iminyaka emithandathu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngama-25 000 abafana abamhlophe abashiya eli lizwe kunokuba baye emkhosini wocalucalulo. Ukuba uMzantsi Afrika uselinye lawona mazwe anobundlobongela emhlabeni yenye yezona ziphumo ziqhubekayo zekoloniyalizim kunye nocalucalulo, kunye neemfazwe zabo.
Sikunye no-Archbishop Desmond Tutu kunye no Gqirha u-Beyers Naude ongasekhoyo, simisele iphulo lokuthintela ukohlwaywa kwamabhanki e-United Nations e-New York ngo-1985 njengelinge lokugqibela elingenabundlobongela lokuthintela umlo wamakhaya kunye nokuphalazwa kwegazi ngokobuhlanga. Ukufana phakathi kwentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu yaseMelika kunye nephulo lehlabathi lokulwa ucalucalulo lalicacile kumaAfrika aseMelika. Umthetho oBanzi wokuLwa noCalu-calulo wapasiswa emva konyaka ngenxa kamongameli uRonald Reagan.
NgePerestroika kunye nokuphela kweMfazwe ebandayo ngo-1989, bobabini uMongameli uGeorge Bush (oPhezulu) kunye ne-US Congress basongela ukuthintela uMzantsi Afrika ekuqhubeni nayiphi na imali e-US. UTutu kunye namatsha ntliziyo alwa nocalucalulo asinakuphinda sithiwe “singamakomanisi!” Leyo yayiyimvelaphi yentetho kaMongameli FW de Klerk ngoFebruwari 1990. UDe Klerk wabona lo mbhalo eludongeni.
Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwiibhanki ezisixhenxe ezinkulu zaseNew York kunye nenkqubo yentlawulo yeedola zaseMelika, uMzantsi Afrika ngewukwazanga ukurhweba naphina emhlabeni. Umongameli uNelson Mandela emva koko wavuma ukuba iphulo lokuwisa isohlwayo e-New York yayilelona cebo lisebenzayo ngokuchasene nocalucalulo.[xix]
Sisifundo sokubaluleka ngokukodwa ngo-2021 ku-Israyeli, njengocalu-calulo loMzantsi Afrika, oxoka ukuba yintando yesininzi. Ukutyhola abagxeki bayo njenge- "anti-Semitic" kuya kusiba nemveliso njengoko inani elinyukayo lamaJuda kwihlabathi liphela lizahlula kwiZionism.
Ukuba u-Israyeli lilizwe localucalulo ngoku kubhalwe ngokubanzi-kubandakanya neRussell Tribunal ePalestine eyadibana eKapa ngo-Novemba ngo-201l. Iqinisekisile ukuba indlela aziphatha ngayo urhulumente wase-Israeli ebhekisa kumaPalestina ahlangabezana neendlela ezisemthethweni zocalucalulo njengolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene nocalucalulo.
Ngaphakathi "ku-Israyeli ofanelekileyo," ngaphezulu kwemithetho engama-50 ecalulayo kubemi basePalestina bakwa-Israeli ngenxa yokuba ngabemi, umhlaba kunye nolwimi, ngeepesenti ezingama-93 zomhlaba zigcinelwe ukuhlala kwamaJuda kuphela. Ngexesha localucalulo eMzantsi Afrika, ezo zithuko zazichazwa “njengocalu-calulo oluncinane.” Ngaphaya "komgca oluhlaza," iGunya lasePalestine "lucalucalulo olukhulu" iBantustan, kodwa inkululeko engaphantsi kunaleyo yayikwiBantustans eMzantsi Afrika.
Ubukhosi baseRoma, uBukhosi base-Ottoman, uBukhosi baseFrance, uBukhosi baseBritane kunye ne-Soviet Empire bonke ekugqibeleni bawa emva kokutshatyalaliswa ngeendleko zeemfazwe zabo. Ngamazwi abuhlungu ka-Chalmers Johnson ongasekhoyo, owabhala iincwadi ezintathu malunga nokuwa kwexesha elizayo kobukhosi base-US: "izinto ezingenakuqhubeka ngonaphakade, musa."[xx]
Ukwehla okuzayo kobukhosi baseMelika kwagxininiswa yimvukelo eWashington eyaphenjelelwa nguTrump nge-6 kaJanuwari. Ukhetho kunyulo luka-2016 lobongameli lwaluphakathi komlo wolwaphulo-mthetho kunye negeza. Ndiphikisa ke ukuba i-lunatic yayilukhetho olungcono kuba uTrump wayeza kuyiphelisa le nkqubo ngelixa u-Hillary Clinton wayeza kuyithambisa kwaye ayolule.
Ngaphantsi kokuzenzisa "kokugcina iMelika ikhuselekile," amakhulu ezigidi zeedola achithwa kwizixhobo ezingenamsebenzi. Okokuba i-US iphulukene nayo yonke imfazwe ebiyilwile ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kubonakala ngathi ayinamsebenzi okoko imali ingena kuLokheed Martin, uRaytheon, uBoeing kunye namawaka ezinye iikontraki zeengalo, kunye neebhanki kunye neenkampani zeoyile.[xxi]
I-US ichithe i-5.8 yezigidi zeedola kwizixhobo zenyukliya ukusukela ngo-1940 ukuya esiphelweni seMfazwe ebandayo ngo-1990 kwaye kunyaka ophelileyo bacebisa ukusebenzisa enye i-1.2 yezigidi zeerandi ukuyiphucula.[xxii] Isivumelwano soThintelo lweziVumelwano zeNyukliya saba ngumthetho wamanye amazwe nge-22 kaJanuwari ka-2021.
I-Israel ine-80 yempi yenyukliya ejolise e-Iran. UMongameli uRichard Nixon kunye noHenry Kissinger ngo-1969 baqamba intsomi yokuba "i-US iyakwamkela imeko yenyukliya yakwa-Israyeli lo gama u-Israyeli engazange ayivume esidlangalaleni". [xxiii]
Njengoko i-Arhente yaMandla eNyukliya yeHlabathi (i-IAEA) ivuma, i-Iran yashiya amabhongo ayo okuphuhlisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwakudala ngo-2003 emva kokuba amaMelika axhoma uSaddam Hussein, owaye "yindoda yabo" e-Iraq. Ukugxininisa kuka-Israyeli kwelokuba i-Iran isisongelo kuxolo nokhuseleko lwamanye amazwe kububuxoki njengobukrelekrele base-Israel ngo-2003 malunga “nezixhobo zokubulala”.
I-Bhritane "yafumanisa" ioyile ePersia (Iran) ngo-1908, yaza yayiphanga. Emva kokuba urhulumente onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi wenza ilizwe laseIran ukuba libeyimveliso, oorhulumente base-Bhritane nabase-US ngo-1953 balungiselela ukubhukuqwa kwe-d'atat, emva koko baxhasa ubuzwilakhe obunoburharha de wabhukuqwa ngexesha le-Iranian ngo-1979.
AmaMelika (kwaye ahlala) enomsindo. Ukuziphindezela nokudibana noSaddam kunye noorhulumente abaninzi (kubandakanya ucalucalulo uMzantsi Afrika), i-US ngabom yaxhokonxa imfazwe yeminyaka esibhozo phakathi kwe-Iraq ne-Iran. Ngenxa yokuba imbali kunye nokurhoxiswa kukaTrump kwesiCwangciso esiDibeneyo sokuSebenza (i-JCPOA), ayimangalisi into yokuba abantu baseIran bathandabuze malunga nokuzibophelela kwe-US ukuthobela naziphi na izivumelwano okanye izivumelwano.
Isemngciphekweni indima yedola yaseMelika njengemali ebekelwe ilizwe lonke, kunye nokuzimisela kweMelika ukunyanzelisa ezemali kunye nobukhosi emkhosini kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuchaza inkuthazo yemizamo kaTrump yokuphembelela inguquko eVenezuela, eneendawo zokugcina ioyile ezinkulu emhlabeni.
UTrump ebanga ukuba ngo-2016 "uza kuwukhupha umgxobhozo" eWashington. Endaweni yokuba, ngexesha lomlindo wobongameli, umgxobhozo waphenduka waba ngumsinga wedolophu, njengoko kubonisiwe ziingalo zakhe zokujongana neempatho zeSaudi Arabia, i-Israel kunye ne-UAE kunye "nesivumelwano soxolo senkulungwane" no-Israyeli.[xxiv]
UMongameli uJoe Biden unetyala kunyulo lwakhe kumvoti wase-Afrika-waseMelika "kwilizwe eliluhlaza". Ngenxa yesidubedube esenzeka ngo-2020 kunye nefuthe lamalinge eMicimbi yaBantu abaMnyama, kunye nokuhlwempuzeka kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi nabasebenzayo, ubongameli bakhe kuya kufuneka babeke phambili imicimbi yamalungelo oluntu ekhaya, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwilizwe liphela.
Emva kweminyaka engama-20 yeemfazwe ukusukela nge-9/11, i-US ikhutshiwe eSyria yiRussia kunye neIran eIraq. Kwaye iAfghanistan iphinda yaqinisekisa igama layo eliyimbali "njengamangcwaba obukhosi". Njengebhulorho yomhlaba phakathi kweAsia, iYurophu neAfrika, uMbindi Mpuma ubalulekile kwiminqweno yase China yokuphinda ibeke indawo yayo eyimbali njengelizwe eliphambili kwihlabathi.
Imfazwe yokungakhathali yakwa-Israeli / yase-Saudi / yase-US ngokuchasene ne-Iran ngokuqinisekileyo yayiza kubangela ukubandakanyeka kwe-Russia ne China. Iziphumo zehlabathi zinokuba yintlekele eluntwini.
Umsindo wehlabathi lonke emva kokubulawa kwentatheli uJamal Khashoggi uye wongezwa kukutyhilwa ukuba i-US ne-Bhritane (kunye namanye amazwe kubandakanya noMzantsi Afrika) bebexhasa ukubonelela nge-Saudi Arabia kunye ne-UAE kungekuphela nje izixhobo kodwa kwanokubonelela ngenkxaso ye-Saudi / UAE imfazwe eYemen.
U-Biden sele evakalisile ukuba ubudlelwane base-US ne-Saudi Arabia buya "kulungiswa".[xxv] Ngelixa ukubhengeza "iMelika ibuyile," izinto ezijamelene nolawulo lweBiden ziingxaki zasekhaya. Udidi oluphakathi nolusebenzayo luhlwempuzekile kwaye, ngenxa yemicimbi ephambili yezemali enikwe iimfazwe ukusukela nge-9/11, iziseko zophuhliso zaseMelika zatyeshelwa ngokulusizi. Izilumkiso zika-Eisenhower kwi1961 ngoku ziyangqinwa.
Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukaRhulumente waseMelika zichithwa ukulungiselela iimfazwe, kunye nokuqhubeka kweendleko zemali kwiimfazwe ezidlulileyo. Ihlabathi minyaka le lichitha i-2 trillion yeedola kumalungiselelo emfazwe, uninzi lwayo lusenziwa yi-US kunye nabalingane bayo be-NATO. Iqhezu elinokuthi lixhase ngemali imiba engxamisekileyo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukupheliswa kwendlala kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili.
Ukusukela kwimfazwe ye-Yom Kippur ngo-1973, i-OPEC yeoyile ibixabiso ngeedola zase-US kuphela. Kwisivumelwano ekuxoxiswene ngaso nguHenry Kissinger, umgangatho weoyile waseSaudi uthathe indawo yomgangatho wegolide.[xxvi] Iziphumo zehlabathi zazinkulu, kwaye zibandakanya:
- I-US kunye neBritane iqinisekisa usapho lwasebukhosini lwaseSaudi ngokuchasene nemvukelo yasekhaya,
- Ioyile ye-OPEC kufuneka ixabiswe ngeedola zase-US kuphela, imali ebekiweyo ifakwe kwiibhanki zaseNew York naseLondon. Ngokuhambelana, idola yimali egciniweyo yehlabathi kunye nehlabathi liphela exhasa inkqubo yebhanki yase-US kunye noqoqosho, kunye neemfazwe zaseMelika,
- I-Bhanki yaseNgilane ilawula "i-Saudi Arabia Arabia slush fund," injongo yayo ikukuxhasa ngemali ukuzinziswa kwamazwe atyebileyo ngezixhobo e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ukuba i-Iraq, i-Iran, iLibya okanye iVenezuela zifuna intlawulo ngeeYuro okanye igolide endaweni yeedola, isiphumo "solawulo lolawulo".
Enkosi kumgangatho weoyile yaseSaudi, inkcitho yomkhosi wase-US ebonakala ngathi ayinasiphelo ihlawulwe lihlabathi liphela. Oku kubandakanya iindleko ezimalunga ne-1 000 zase-US kwihlabathi liphela, injongo yazo kukuqinisekisa ukuba i-US inepesenti ezine kuphela kubemi behlabathi abanokugcina ubukhosi bayo kwezomkhosi nakwezemali. Malunga ne-34 yezo ziseko zise-Afrika, ezimbini zazo ziseLibya.[xxvii]
I "Five Eyes Alliance" yamazwe amhlophe athetha isiNgesi (aquka i-US, i-Bhritane, i-Canada, i-Australia kunye ne-New Zealand nalapho u-Israyeli alilungu le-facto) bazikhukhumezele ilungelo labo lokungenelela phantse naphina emhlabeni. I-NATO yangenelela kabuhlungu eLibya ngo-2011 emva kokuba uMuammar Gaddafi efuna intlawulo ngegolide ngeoyile yaseLibya endaweni yeedola.
Nge-US ekwehleni kwezoqoqosho kunye ne-China ekunyukeni, ezo zakhiwo zomkhosi nezemali azilungelanga injongo kwi-21st inkulungwane, kwaye ayifikeleleki. Emva kokudibanisa ingxaki yezemali ka-2008 kunye nokukhutshwa ngebheyile okukhulu kwiibhanki naseWall Street, ubhubhane weCovid kunye neyona mali inkulu yebheyile iye yakhawulezisa ukuwa kobukhosi baseMelika.
Ihambelana nenyani yokuba i-US ayisekho kwelona lizwe lingenisayo kwaye ixhomekeke kwioyile yakuMbindi Mpuma. I-US ithathelwe indawo yi-China, ekwangoyena mntu ubolekayo eMelika kwaye ungumnini weMithetho eYilwayo ye-Ofisi kaNondyebo wase-US. Impembelelo ku-Israyeli njengelizwe elihlala kubemi bamakoloniyali kwilizwe lama-Arabhu liya kuba lukhulu xa nje “utata omkhulu” engakwazi okanye engazi kungenelela.
Amaxabiso egolide kunye neoyile asetyenziselwa ukuba ibarometer ekulinganiswa ngayo ungquzulwano lwamanye amazwe. Ixabiso legolide limile kwaye ixabiso leoyile nalo libuthathaka, ngelixa uqoqosho lwaseSaudi lusengxakini enkulu.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ixabiso le-bitcoins liye lahamba-ukusuka kwi-1 000 yeedola xa uTrump weza e-ofisini ngo-2017 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe- $ 58 000 nge-20 kaFebruwari. Nditsho neebhanki zaseNew York ngequbuliso ziqikelela ukuba ixabiso le-bitcoin linokufikelela kwi-200 yeedola ukuphela kwe-000 njengoko idola yaseMelika iye isihla, kwaye inkqubo entsha yezemali yehlabathi iphuma kwisiphithiphithi.[xxviii]
UTerry Crawford-Browne unjalo World BEYOND War Umququzeleli welizwe-uMzantsi Afrika, kunye nombhali weLiso kwiMali (2007), Iliso kwiidayimani, (2012) kunye neliso kwiGolide (2020).
[i] UKersten Knipp, "ilebhu: abantu basePalestine njengeehagu zaseGuinea?" I-Deutsche Welle / Qantara de 2013, 10 Disemba 2013.
[ii] Ugcino lwedatha yezothutho kwaMandla oMkhosi noKhuseleko (DIMSA). IKomiti yeNkonzo yabahlobo baseMelika, ngoNovemba 2020. https://www.dimse.info/
[iii] U-Judah Ari Gross, "Emva kokuba iinkundla zivalile ngesigqibo malunga nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo eMyanmar, amatshantliziyo afuna uqhankqalazo," iTimes of Israel, 28 Septemba 2017.
[iv] U-Owen Bowcott noRebecca Ratcliffe, "Inkundla ephezulu ye-UN iyalela iMyanmar ukuba ikhusele uRohingya kwi-Genocide, i-Guardian, nge-23 kaJanuwari 2020.
[v] URichard Silverstein, "abaThengi bezixhobo zohlanga luka-Israyeli," uJacobin Magazine, ngoNovemba 2018.
[vi] UJeff Halper, Imfazwe nxamnye nabantu: I-Israel, iPalestine kunye ne-Global Pacification, IPluto Press, eLondon 2015
[vii] UBen Hallman, "Izizathu ezi-5 zokuba iLuanda Leaks inkulu kune-Angola," i-International Consortium ye-Journalist Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), nge-21 Januwari 2020.
[viii] Reuters, "iAngola iyashukuma ithathe iasethi enxulumene neDos Santos kwiNkundla yaseDatshi," iTimes Live, nge-8 kaFebruwari 2021.
[ix] I-Global Witness, "u-billionaire owayenempikiswano u-Dan Gertler ubonakala ngathi usebenzise inethiwekhi ekrokrelayo yokuxhaphaza imali ukuphepha izohlwayo zase-US kunye nokufumana ii-asethi ezintsha zemigodi eDRC," nge-2 kaJulayi 2020.
[X] I-Human Rights Watch, “Ileta edibeneyo eya e-US malunga neLayisensi kaDan Gertler (No. GLOMAG-2021-371648-1), nge-2 kuFebruwari 2021.
[xi] USean Clinton, "Inkqubo yaseKimberley: Umzi mveliso wakwa-Israeli wezigidigidi zeedayimani zegazi," iMiddle East Monitor, nge-19 kaNovemba 2019.
[xii] ITetra Tech egameni le-AID yase-US, "Icandelo lezemigodi ye-Artisanal Diamond e-Côte D'Ivoire," ngo-Okthobha ka-2012.
[xiii] UGreg Campbell, Iidayimani zegazi: Ukulandela indlela ebulalayo yaMatye aXabisekileyo weHlabathi, I-Westview Press, iBoulder, iColorado, ngo-2002.
[xiv] USam Sole, “umqulu wabavoti baseZim ezandleni zenkampani ekrokrelayo yakwa-Israeli,” Imeyile noGuardian, ngomhla we-12 ku-Epreli 2013.
[xv] UJoe Roeber, “Unzima-Wired for Urhwaphilizo,” Prospect Magazine, 28 Agasti 2005
[xvi] UPhil Miller, "Kutyhilwe: Iiroyali zaseBritane zadibana noozwilakhe base-Middle East ngaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-200 okoko kwavela iArab Spring kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo," iDaily Maverick, nge-23 kaFebruwari 2021.
[xvii] USasha Polakow-Suransky, Umdibaniso ongathethiyo: Ubudlelwane obuyimfihlo bakwa-Israyeli noMzantsi Afrika woCalucalulo, UJacana Media, eKapa, ngo-2010.
[xviii] UKen Owen, ngeCawa yamaxesha, nge-25 kaJuni 1995.
[xix] U-Anthony Sampson, “Iqhawe elalisusela Kwiminyaka Yeengxilimbela,” Cape Times, 10 Disemba 2013.
[xx] UChalmers Johnson (osweleke ngo-2010) wabhala iincwadi ezininzi. I-trilogy yakhe kubukhosi base-US, Ukubuyela emva (2004) Iintlungu zoBukhosi (2004) kunye Nemesis (2007) kugxilwe kubhengezo lokungabinamali kwixa elizayo lobukhosi ngenxa yempi yakhe engenangqondo. Udliwanondlebe lwevidiyo emfutshane engama-52 eveliswe kwi-2018 sisimo sokuqonda esichazayo kwaye sifumaneka ngokulula simahla. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwFm64_uXA
[xxi] UWilliam Hartung, Abaprofeti beMfazwe: U-Lockheed Martin kunye nokwenza uMzi mveliso wezoMkhosi, ngo-2012
[xxii] Hart Rapaport, "Urhulumente wase-US uceba ukuchitha ngaphezulu kwetriliyoni zeerandi kwizixhobo zenyukliya," Columbia K = 1 Project, Centre for Nuclear Studies, 9 July 2020
[xxiii] U-Avner Cohen noWilliam Burr, “Awuthandi ukuba u-Israyeli Unayo Ibhombu? Blame Nixon, ”Imicimbi yezangaphandle, nge-12 Septemba 2014.
[xxiv] Unxibelelwano phakathi kuka-Al Jazeera.com, "isiCwangciso sika-Trump sakuMbindi Mpuma kunye nekhulu leminyaka lezinto ezingaphumelelanga," nge-28 kuJanuwari 2020.
[xxv] U-Becky Anderson, "I-US ibeke ecaleni iNkosana yeNkosana ekubuyiselweni kwakhona ne-Saudi Arabia," i-CNN, nge-17 kuFebruwari 2021
[xxvi] F. UWilliam Engdahl, Ikhulu leMfazwe: I-Anglo-American Politics kunye neNew World Order, 2011.
[xxvii] UNick Turse, "Umkhosi wase-US uthi 'unendawo yokukhanya e-Afrika: La maxwebhu abonisa uthungelwano olukhulu lweziseko." Ukungenelela, 1 Disemba 2018.
[xxviii] "Ngaba Ihlabathi Lifanele Lamkele ii-Cryptocurrensets?" IAl Jazeera: Ibali langaphakathi, nge-12 kaFebruwari 2021.
