NguDavid Swanson, Masilinge iNdemokhrasi, Julayi 17, 2022
Bahlala phi bonke abaphathi be-Lockheed Martin?
KwiResort yokuGqibela!
UJoe Biden kunye no-Israyeli baceba ukuhlasela i-Iran njengendawo yokuGqibela yokuGqibela.
Abathengisi bezixhobo abathandi nto ibhetele kuneendawo zokugqibela zokuphumla. Ukuhlasela iUkraine yaba licebo lokugqibela ngokutsho kweRashiya. Ukuthumela izixhobo ezingapheliyo eUkraine sisigqibo sokugqibela ngokutsho kwe-US
Win-win! Unganikeli ngqalelo ekunyukeni okungayekeleliyo nangabom kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Cima indlela iiBaltics ezikhuphe ngayo iiSoviet iminyaka engama-30. Mfondini, bakhupha iziselo simahla kunye nezitulo zaselwandle kwiNdawo yokuGcina yokuchithela iholide!
Abaxhasi bemfazwe bathi i-US ifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukuba ihlasele i-Iran ngo-2007. I-US ayizange ihlasele. Amabango abonakala ebubuxoki. Nditsho neNqikelelo yobuNhloli beSizwe ngo-2007 yatyhalela ngasemva kwaye yavuma ukuba i-Iran ayinayo inkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya. Akukho nto imbi ibe neziphumo zokungasebenzisi iNdawo yokuGcina yokuchithela iiholide. Kwakhona ngo-2015, indawo yokugqibela yayihlasela i-Iran. I-US ayizange ihlasele i-Iran. Akukho nto imbi yenzekayo.
Unokucinga ukuba amabango obuxoki angenasiphelo "eyokugqibela icebo" anokubaluleka. Unokucinga nokuba amathuba angenasiphelo anokuthi nabani na acinge ngokuzama endaweni yemfazwe anganika umbono wokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kube yinto yokugqibela engahambelaniyo. Nangona kunjalo, imiboniso yovoto ukuba okoko ungabhengezi ngokucacileyo imfazwe NJENGOKO iyinto yokugqibela, wonke umntu uthatha nje ukuba imfazwe nganye iya kuba yimfazwe yokuqala yokunyaniseka-ekulunga kweNdawo yokuGqibela.
Kakade ke, amashumi eminyaka, kukho imeko eyomeleleyo yokuba akukho mfuneko yokuhlasela i-Iran, njengendawo yokuqala yokukhetha, indawo yokugqibela, okanye isaphulelo kwinkampu yentolongo emnyama.
Ukuba nenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya ayikho isizathu sokulwa nemfazwe, ngokomthetho, ngokuziphatha, okanye ngokufanelekileyo. I-United States inezixhobo zenyukliya kwaye akukho mntu uya kulungelwa ukuhlasela i-United States.
Incwadi kaDick noLiz Cheney, ezizodwa, sixelele ukuba kufuneka sibone "umahluko wokuziphatha phakathi kwesixhobo senyukliya sase-Iran kunye neMelika." Ngaba kufuneka, ngokwenene? Nayiphi na ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yokwanda, ukusetyenziswa ngengozi, ukusetyenziswa yinkokeli ephambanayo, ukufa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, intlekele yokusingqongileyo, ukuziphindezela, kunye ne-apocalypse. Elinye lala mazwe mabini linezixhobo zenyukliya, lisebenzise izixhobo zenyukliya, elinye labonelela elinye ngezicwangciso zezixhobo zenyukliya, linomgaqo-nkqubo wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya okokuqala, linobunkokeli obunyanzelisa ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya, ligcine izixhobo zenyukliya kwisithandathu. amanye amazwe kunye neelwandle kunye nesibhakabhaka soMhlaba, kwaye ehlala esongela ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya. Andiqondi ukuba ezo nyaniso zinokwenza isixhobo senyukliya ezandleni zelinye ilizwe sibe sisimilo esincinci, kodwa singabi nasimilo nangakumbi. Masigxile ekuboneni i emagqabini umahluko phakathi kwesixhobo senyukliya sase-Iranian kunye nomnye waseMelika. Omnye ukhona. Enye ingenzi.
Ukuba uyazibuza, abaongameli base-US abaye benza izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zikarhulumente okanye ezifihlakeleyo kwezinye iintlanga, esaziyo, njengoko kubhalwe kuDaniel Ellsberg Umshini weDoomsday, zibandakanye uHarry Truman, uDwight Eisenhower, uRichard Nixon, uGeorge HW Bush, uBill Clinton kunye noDonald Trump, ngoxa abanye, kuquka uBarack Obama, bathetha izinto ezifana nezo "Zonke izinto ezisekusetafileni" ngokumalunga ne-Iran okanye elinye ilizwe.
Ngo-2015, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, abaxhasi bemfazwe bathi i-US ifuna ukuhlasela i-Iran ngokukhawuleza. Ayizange ihlasele. Amabango abonakala ebubuxoki. Kwanamabango abaxhasi besivumelwano senyukliya abethelela ubuxoki bokuba i-Iran yayinenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya efuna isithintelo. Akukho bungqina bokuba i-Iran yakha yanenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya.
Imbali ende yeUnited States elele ngokuphathelele izixhobo zenyukliya zase-Iranian ibhalwe yincwadi kaGareth Porter Inkathazo eyenziweyo.
Abaxhasi bemfazwe okanye amanyathelo okuya emfazweni (isohlwayo yayilinyathelo eliya emfazweni e-Iraq) banokuthi sifuna imfazwe ngokukhawuleza ngoku, kodwa abayi kuba nengxoxo yongxamiseko, kwaye amabango abo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bubuxoki obucacileyo.
Ukuba i-Iran inetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye kukho ubungqina bokuxhasa elo bango, iUnited States kunye nehlabathi kufuneka lifune ukutshutshiswa. Kunoko, iUnited States izenza ikheswa ngokuchitha umgaqo womthetho. Itshabalalisa intembeko yayo ngokukrazula izivumelwano kwaye isoyikise ngecebo lokugqibela. Kwi-poll ye-Gallup kwi-2013 kunye ne-poll ye-Pew kwi-2017 uninzi lwezizwe eziye zavotelwa ukuba i-United States ifumene iivoti ezininzi njengesona sisongelo esikhulu soxolo emhlabeni. Kwi-poll ye-Gallup, abantu base-US bakhetha i-Iran njengesongelo esiphezulu soxolo emhlabeni - i-Iran engazange ihlasele elinye ilizwe kwiinkulungwane kwaye ichithe ngaphantsi kwe-1% yemali echithwa yi-US kwimfazwe. Ezi mbono ngokucacileyo zingumsebenzi wento exelelwa abantu kumajelo eendaba.
Imbali yezobudlelwane be-US / Iranian ubudlelwane apha. I-US ichithe idemokrasi yase-Iran kwi-1953 kwaye ifake umlawuli wecuduzi / umthengi wezixhobo.
I-US inikwe i-Iran i-teknoloji yamandla enyukliya kwi-1970s.
Ngo-2000, i-CIA yanika i-Iran izicwangciso zebhombu yenyukliya kumzamo wokuyilungisa. Oku kwaxelwa nguJames Risen, kunye noJeffrey Sterling waya entolongweni ngenxa yokuba ngumthombo kaRisen.
Ukunyuka ukuhlasela i-Iranian kuye kwangexesha elide kangangokuba zonke iindidi zeengxabano (njengokuba ama-Irani abangela ukukhankanywa kwe-Iraq) uye wahamba.
Ngelixa i-Irani ingazange ihlasele nayiphi na ilizwe ngekhulu leminyaka, iUnited States ayenzanga kakuhle nge-Iran.
I-United States incedisa i-Iraq kwi-1980 ekuhlaseleni i-Iran, ihlinzeka i-Iraq nezinye izixhobo (kuquka izixhobo zamachiza) ezazisetyenziswa kuma-Irani kwaye eza kusetyenziswa kwi-2002-2003 (xa zingasekho) njengesizathu sokuhlaselwa Irakh.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, iUnited States ibhale i-Iran isizwe esibi, sihlaselwa kwaye kutshatyalaliswa esinye isizwe ongeyenyukliya kwiluhlu lweentlanga ezimbi, ezikhethiweyo ze-Iran intlangano, wamangalela u-Iran ngamacala olwaphulo-mthetho kuquka ukuhlaselwa kwe-9-11, wabulawa i-Iranian izazinzulu, kuxhaswa ngemali nenkcaso amaqela e-Iran (kubandakanye namanye ama-US athiwa njengogqirha), ahamba Drones phezu kwe-Iran, ngokuvulekileyo nangokungekho mthethweni yongelwa ukuhlasela i-Iran, kwaye wakha amabutho empi jikelele Imida yase-Iran, ngoxa ibeka inkohlakalo izigwebo kwilizwe.
Iingcambu ze-Washington ephosa imfazwe entsha kwi-Iran inokufumaneka kwi-1992 Isikhokelo soCwangciso soKhuselo, iphepha le-1996 elibizwa Uphulo olucocekileyo: Isicwangciso esitsha sokulondoloza indawo, I2000 Ukuvuselela kwakhona iMizimelelo yeMelika, kunye ne-2001 Pentagon memo ichazwe ngu Wesley Clark njengoko uluhlu lweentlanga zokuhlaselwa: i-Iraq, iLibya, iSomalia, iSudan, iLebhanon, iSiriya kunye ne-Iran.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iBush Jr ixoshe iIraq, kunye ne-Libya eLibya, ngelixa abanye behlala beqhuba imisebenzi.
Kwi-2010, uTony Blair ziquka I-Iran kwiluhlu olufanayo lwamanye amazwe athi uDick Cheney wayejolise ukuphanga. Umgca phakathi kwamandla aseWashington ku-2003 kukuba i-Iraq yayiza kuba yi-cakewalk kodwa leyo amadoda okwenyaniso aya eTehran. Iingxabano kule mi membo endala eyayililiweyo ayingekho into eyenziwa ngabenzi bemfazwe kuluntu, kodwa kuninzi kunokuba baxelelane. Iinkxalabo apha zizo ezo ndawo zilawulayo ezizityebi kwizixhobo, ezisongela abanye, nokuseka iziseko zokugcina ukulawulwa kooropet oorhulumente.
Ngokuqinisekileyo isizathu sokuba "amadoda okwenene aye eTehran" kukuba i-Iranian ayiyiyo isizwe esingaswelekanga esingazifumana kuyo, sithi, Afghanistan okanye iIraq, okanye isizwe esingakhange siphathwe kwi-2011. I-Iran inkulu kakhulu kwaye ixhobile ngakumbi. Ingaba iUnited States iqalisa ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-Iran okanye i-Israel, i-Iran uya kubuyisela ngokumelene namabutho ase-US kwaye mhlawumbi amaSirayeli kunye mhlawumbi EUnited States ngokwawo njengokuba. Kwaye iUnited States iya kuba ngaphandle kwe-doube iphindiselela kwakhona. I-Iran ayikwazi ukungazi ukuba uxinzelelo lukaRhulumente wase-US kwi-rhulumente wase-Israel ukuba angayi kuhlasela i-Iran khuthaza amaSirayeli ukuba iUnited States iya kuhlasela xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye ayibandakanyi nokugrogrisa ngokuyeka ukuxhasa ngezimali umkhosi wamaSirayeli okanye ukumisa amanyathelo okuvala uxanduva lokuphendula kulwaphulo-mthetho lwase-Israel kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Ngamanye amazwi, nayiphi na into e-US yokumangalela ukuba ufuna ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwamaSirayeli akukholo. Enyanisweni, abaninzi baseburhulumenteni baseMelika kunye nabasemkhosini baphikisana nokuhlasela i-Iran, nangona amanani abalulekileyo afana no-Admiral William Fallon asuswe ngaphandle kwendlela. Ininzi yempi yamaSirayeli chasene ngokunjalo, kungakhankanywa ngabantu base-Israel nabakwa-US. Kodwa imfazwe ayihlambulukanga okanye iyicacile. Ukuba abantu sivumela ukuba baqhube iintlanga zethu bahlasele omnye, sonke sibeka ingozi.
Abaninzi abasengozini, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngabantu base-Iran, abantu banokuthula njengalowo nawuphi na, okanye mhlawumbi ngakumbi. Njengawe nawaphi na ilizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na urhulumente walo, abantu base-Iran banokubaluleka ngokusemgangathweni, bahloniphekile, banokuthula, banelungelo, kwaye bafana nawe kunye nathi. Ndidibana nabantu base-Iran. Usenokuba wadibana nabantu base-Iran. Zibukeka ngathi lo. Azizona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ababi. "Ukubethelwa" ngokuphathelele "isibonelelo" kwilizwe labo luya kubangela baninzi babo bafa ngokubuhlungu kunye nokufa okubuhlungu. Nangona ucinga ukuba i-Iran ayiyi kubuyisela ukuhlaselwa okunje, oku kukuhlaselwa kwabo ngokwabo kubandakanya: lokubulala.
Yaye yintoni eya kuyenza? Kuya kubumbana nabantu base-Iran kunye nehlabathi elithile ngokumelene ne-United States. Kuya kulungelelanisa emehlweni ehlabathi elingaphantsi kwenkqubo ye-Iranian phantsi komhlaba ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zenyukliya, inkqubo engekhoyo okwangoku, ngaphandle kweendlela iinkqubo zamandla enyukliya ezisemthethweni ezihambisa ilizwe elikufutshane nokuphuhlisa izixhobo. Umonakalo ongqongileyo uya kuba lukhulu kakhulu, umzekelo ubekwe ngengozi kakhulu, yonke intetho yokusika uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaseMelika luya kungcwatyelwa kwintlambo yemfazwe yempi, inkululeko yoluntu kunye noorhulumente abameli baya kugxothwa phantsi kwePomac, uhlanga lwezandla lwenyukliya luya kufakelwa Amazwe angaphezulu, kwaye nayiphi na i-glee ephazamisayo emfutshane iya kuphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa kwekhaya, ukunyuka kwetyala lomfundi kunye nokuqokelela iintlobo zobuqhetseba zenkcubeko.
Isiseko, isemthethweni, nesimilo sokuziphatha asikho isizathu sokulwa, kwaye akukho nokuphinda kulandelwe izixhobo. Kwaye, andinakongeza, nge-Iraq engqondweni, kuthethwa ngokukodwa ukuba izixhobo azizange zenzeke. Si rayeli inezixhobo zenyukliya. I-United States inezixhobo ezininzi zenyukliya kunanaliphi na ilizwe. Ayikho into yokugweba i-United States, i-Israel, okanye nayiphi na ilizwe. Ukuziqhenya ukuba i-Iran ibenayo okanye iza kuba nezixhobo zenyukliya ngokukhawuleza, nakubani na into, inkohliso nje, evuselelwe, debunked, kwaye wavuselela kwakhona njenge-zombie iminyaka kunye neminyaka. Kodwa loo nto ayikho into engafanelekiyo kweli bango lamanga into ethile engabonakali nxamnye nemfazwe nantoni na. Inxalenye engafanelekanga yinto yokuba yi-United States kwi-1976 eyaphakamisa amandla enyukliya kwi-Iran. Kwi 2000 CIA inikwe Urhulumente wase-Iranian (iphosakele nje) uceba ukwenza ibhokliya yenyukliya. Kwi-2003, i-Iran icebise iingxoxo kunye ne-United States nayo yonke into etafileni, kuquka ne-tekliya yenyukliya kunye ne-United States. Kungekudala emva koko, iUnited States yaqalisa ukukhwaza imfazwe. Okwangoku, ukhokelwa yi-US zithintelo Iran kwi-wind energy, ngelixa abazalwana bakaKoch bavunyelwe urhwebo kunye ne-Iran ngaphandle kwesihlwayo.
Omnye ummandla oqhubekayo buxoki debunking, eliphantse ngokulingana nendawo yokuhlaselwa kwi-2003 yokuhlasela e-Iraq, ibangqina elingamanga, kuquka abaviwa kwi-2012 kuMongameli waseMelika, ukuba i-Iran ayizange ivumele abahloli kwilizwe labo okanye banikwe ukufikelela kwiindawo zayo. I-Iran yayinjalo, eqinisweni, ngaphambi kwesivumelwano kwamkela ngokuzithandela Imilinganiselo eqinile kune-IAEA idinga. Kwaye inqaku elithile leentlobo-propaganda, nangona liphikisanayo, lithetha ukuba i-IAEA ifumene inkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya e-Iran. Ngaphantsi kwesivumelwano se-nyukliya esingenakwandisa (NPT), i-Iran yayinguye ayifuneki ukuvakalisa zonke iinkqubo zayo, kunye neyokugqibela kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ayikhethi, njengoko iUnited States yaphula umthetho onjalo ngokuvimbela iJamani, iShina kunye nabanye ekunikezeni izixhobo zamandla enyukliya kwi-Iran. Ngexa i-Iran ihlala ihambelana neNPT, iNdiya kunye ne-Pakistan kunye ne-Israel ayifumanga kwaye iNorth Korea ihoxile kuyo, ngoxa i-United States kunye namanye amachiza enyukliya aphulaphula ngokungahluleli ukunciphisa iingalo, ngokunikezela ingalo kwamanye amazwe njengeIndiya, kwaye ngokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha zenyukliya.
Yilokho ubukumkani base-US basese bujonga njenge-Iran. Zama uku cinga ukuba uhlala khona, unokucinga ntoni ngale nto. Ngubani osongelayo? Ngubani oyingozi enkulu kuye? Ingongoma akuthi i-Iran kufuneka ikhululeke ukuhlaselwa i-United States okanye nabani na omnye kuba umkhosi wayo uncinci. Ingongoma kukuba ukwenza oko kuya kuba kuzwelonke ukuzibulala. Kuya kuba yinto into e-Iranian engayenzanga ikhulu leminyaka. Kodwa kuya kuba ukuziphatha kwe-US.
Ngaba ulungele ukuphika okungaqhelekanga nakakhulu? Oku kulinganayo kunye namazwana kaBshabha malunga nokungacingi ngokucacileyo ku-Osama bin Laden. Sele ulungele? Abaxhasi bokuhlasela i-Iran zivuma ukuba ukuba i-Iran ibe neenukhe ayiyi kuyenza. Oku kuvela kwi-American Enterprise Institute:
Ingxaki enkulu eUnited States ayiyona i-Iran ithola isikhali se nyukliya kunye nokuyivavanya, i-Iran iyifumana isikhali senyukliya kwaye ingayisebenzisi. Ngenxa yesibini ukuba banalo kwaye ayenzi nto embi, bonke abaya kuhamba baya kubuya bathi, 'Yabona, sikuxelele ukuba i-Iranian inamandla anoxanduva. Sitshilo ukuba i-Iran ayifumana izixhobo zenyukliya ukwenzela ukuyisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza. ... kwaye ekugqibeleni baya kuchaza i-Iran ngezixhobo zenuzi njengengxaki. "
Ngaba oku kucacile? I-Iran isebenzisa isikhali senyukliya yayiya kuba yingozi: umonakalo ongqongileyo, ukulahlekelwa ngumntu wobomi, intlungu efihlakeleyo kunye nosizi, yada, yada, yada. Kodwa yintoni eya kuba yinto embi yayiza kuba i-Iran ithola isikhali sekliya kwaye yenza yintoni na ezinye izizwe ezazisenza zona kusukela uNagasaki: akukho nto. Oku kuya kuba kubi kakhulu kuba kungonakalisa ingxabano yemfazwe kwaye kubenzima ukulwa nemfazwe, ngaloo ndlela ivumela i-Iran ukuba isebenzise ilizwe layo njengalo, kunokuba i-United States ibone. Ewe kunokwenzeka ukuba iqhube kakubi kakhulu (nangona singenako ukumisela imodeli yehlabathi apha apha), kodwa iya kuqhuba ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwe-US, kwaye oko bekuya kuba kubi ngaphezu kokubhujiswa kweenkliya.
Ukuhlolwa kwavunyelwa e-Iraq kwaye basebenza. Abazange bafumane izixhobo kwaye akukho zixhobo. Ukuhlolwa kuvunyelwe e-Iran kwaye basebenza. Nangona kunjalo, i-IAEA ingene phantsi kwayo mpe mbelelo urhulumente waseUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, i-bluster ezixhasayo kwimfazwe malunga ne-IAEA ibango ngaphezu kweminyaka ayixhaswanga nawaphi na amabango asemthethweni avela kwi-IAEA. Yaye yintoni na into encinci i-IAEA enikezele yona ngenxa yemfazwe ibi ngokubanzi ziweyo xa engekho uhleka.
Omnye unyaka, omnye ubuxoki. Asisayikuva ukuba iNyakatho Korea iyanceda i-Iran ukwakha i-nukes. Ixoki Inkxaso yase Iranian of Bahlali baseIraq ziye zaphela. (Ngaba i-United States ayizange ilandele amaFransi amaJamani ngexesha elinye?) I-concoction yakutshanje yi-"Iran yenze i-911". Impindezelo, njengaleyo yonke le mizamo yokulwa nemfazwe, ngokwenene ayikho imigaqo yomthetho okanye yokuziphatha imfazwe. Kodwa le fiksi yamuva sele isetyenziswe ukuphumla ngokubalulekayo Gareth Porter, phakathi kwabanye. Okwangoku, i-Saudi Arabia, eyadlala indima kwi-911 kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-Iraq, iyathengiswa irekhodi lemali yelo xesha elidala elihamba phambili ekukhokelweni kwe-US apho sonke siqhayisa ngayo: izixhobo zokutshabalalisa.
Mna, ndiphantse ndilibale elinye inkohlakalo engazange iphele. Iran khange i kuzama vuthela kakhulu waseSaudi ummeli eWashington, DC, isenzo uMongameli uBabraham wayeyicinga ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba ukulungiswa ukuba ngaba iindima zatshintshwa, kodwa ubuxoki bokuba iFox News kunzima ukugoma. Kwaye kuthetha okuthile.
Kwaye kukho enye indlela yokulinda emdala: u-Ahmadinejad wathi "u-Israyeli kufuneka apheliswe kwibalazwe." Nangona oku kungenjalo, ukunyuka kwinqanaba likaJohn McCain ngokucula ngokubetha i-Iran okanye iBush kunye no-Obama ukufunga ukuba zonke izinto ezinokukhetha ukuquka ukuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zenuzi etafileni, kuzwakala kukuphazamisa ngokugqithiseleyo: "cima imephu"! Nangona kunjalo, ukuguqulelwa kukubi. Uguqulelo oluchanekileyo "lwaloo rhu lumente oluhlala eJerusalem lumele luphele kwiphepha lexesha." Urhulumente wakwaSirayeli, kungekhona isizwe sakwaSirayeli. Akukho norhulumente kaSirayeli, kodwa ulawulo lwangoku. Isihogo, abantu baseMerika bathi malunga neerhulumente zabo zonke ixesha, ukutshintsha iminyaka emine ukuya kweyesibhozo kuxhomekeke kwiqela lezopolitiko (abanye bethu besitsho njalo ngamaxesha onke, ngaphandle kokuzikhusela kumntu othile). I-Iran iye yacacisa ukuba iya kuvuma isisombululo selizwe ezimbini ukuba iPalestini ivunyiwe. Ukuba i-US iqalise i-missile ibetha rhoqo xa umntu uthetha into eyisiphukuphuku, nokuba iguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ingaba kukhuselekile kangakanani ukuhlala kufuphi neNewt Gingrich okanye indlu kaJoe Biden?
Ingozi yonyani ingabi yinyani. Amava ase-Iraq akhuphe ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo kwezi ntlobo zobuxoki kubantu abaninzi baseUnited States. Ingozi eyona nto ingase ibe yinto ehamba phambili yemfazwe ezuzayo ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na isimemezelo esisesikweni sokuqala kwayo. U-Israel kunye ne-United States abazange bathetha nje bekhuthele okanye baqhatha. Baye ukubulala ama-Irani. Kwaye babonakala bengabi namahlazo ngalo. Ngomhla emva kwengxoxo yeprayimenti yomongameli oyintloko apho abaviwa bathengisa umnqweno wabo wokubulala ama-Irani, iCIA yenze Iindaba yayisidlangalaleni ukuba inene sele ikhona ukubulala ama-Irani, ukungachazi ukuqhuma izakhiwo. Abanye baza kuthetha kwaye bathethe ukuba imfazwe sele iqalile. Abo bangenakubona oku ngenxa yokuba abafuni ukukubona baya kuphinda bahlaziye i-humor ebulalayo e-United States bacele i-Iran ukuba ibuyele ngumbono wayo onamandla.
Mhlawumbi oko kufunekayo ukuze kubalwe abaxhasayo bemfazwe ngaphandle kwe-stupor yinto encinci ye-slapstick. Zama oku ngobukhulu. Ukusuka Seymour Hersh kuchaza intlanganiso egcinwe kwiofisi ye-Vice-President Cheney:
"Kwakukho iingcamango ezili-12 ezichazwe malunga nendlela yokuqalisa imfazwe. Lowo unomdla kum, kukuthi kutheni singakheli - thina kwi-shipyard yethu - sakha izikebhe ezine okanye ezintlanu ezibukeka njengezixhobo ze-PT ze-PT. Beka iimpawu ze-Navy kuzo ngeengalo ezininzi. Ngexesha elizayo esinye sezikhephe zethu siya kwi-Straits of Hormu, qalisa ukudubula. Unokuhlawulisa ubomi abathile. Yaye yalahlwa ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukuba namaMerika abulale amaMerika. Yiloo ndlela-yile nqanaba lezinto esizithethayo. Ukunyusa. Kodwa oko kwakunqatshelwe. "
Ngoku, uDick Cheney akayena oyiMelika. Akukho mntu eburhulumenteni baseMerika nguMerika oqhelekileyo. I-American yakho eqhelekileyo iyanzima, ingavumi ukuba urhulumente wase-US, unqwenela izigidigidi zikarhafelwa, zithatha amandla okuluhlaza kunye nemfundo kunye nemisebenzi phezu kwezemikhosi zempi, zicinga ukuba iinkampani kufuneka zivinjelwe ekuthengeni ukhetho, kwaye aziyi kuthanda ukucela uxolo ngenxa yokudubula ebusweni yiNtloko kaMongameli. Emuva kwi-1930, i-Ludlow Amendment yenza ukuba ibe ngumgaqo-siseko wokuba ivoti kawonkewonke ku-referendum ngaphambi kokuba i-United States ingene kwimfazwe. UMongameli uFranlin Roosevelt uvimbe eso siphakamiso. Nangona kunjalo uMgaqo-siseko sele ufunwa kwaye ufuna ukuba iCongress ivakalise imfazwe ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe ilwa. Oku akukwenziwanga kwiminyaka eyi-70, ngelixa iimfazwe zihlasele ngokungapheliyo. Kwiminyaka elidlulileyo edlulileyo ngokusayinwa kukaMongameli Obama weNational Authorization Act yoNyaka ka-Eva 2011-2012, amandla okwenza imfazwe anikezelwe kubaongameli. Nasi esinye isizathu esithile sokuchasa imfazwe yomongameli e-Iran: xa uvumela abaongameli ukuba benze iimfazwe, awusoze wawayeka. Esinye isizathu, ngoku kubekho nawuphi na umntu onganikekanga, ngaba imfazwe yinto yolwaphulo-mthetho. I-Iran kunye ne-United States ziyiqela kwi-Kellogg-Briand Pact, leyo kulwa nemfazwe. Enye yeentlanga ezimbini ayihambelani.
Kodwa asiyi kuba ne-referendum. Indlu yase-United States yabangendawo ayiyi kukhawuleza. Kuphela ngoxinzelelo olusasazekayo loluntu kunye nezenzo ezingabonakaliyo siya kuthintela kule nkathazo ehamba phambili. sele le eunited States kwaye i iunited Kingdom balungiselela imfazwe ne-Iran. Le mpi, ukuba kwenzeka, iya kulwa neziko elibizwa ngokuba yiSebe lezoKhuseleko lase-United States, kodwa liya kubeka ingozi kunokusikhusela. Njengoko imfazwe iqhubeka, siya kuxelwa ukuba abantu base-Iranian bafuna ukuqhutyelwa ibhokhwe ngenxa yabo, inkululeko, ngentando yeninzi. Kodwa akukho mntu ufuna ukuhlaselwa ibhomu. I-Iran ayifuni intando yesininzi ye-US. Nokuba iUnited States ayifuni intando yesininzi ye-US. Siza kuxelwa ukuba ezo njongo zihloniphekile zikhokela izenzo zamabutho ethu anesibindi kunye needrones zethu ezinesibindi kwimfazwe. Kanti akuyi kubakho ifa. Ngeke kubekho imigca yangaphambili. Akuyi kubakho mijelo. Kuya kubakho iidolophu nezixeko apho abantu bahlala khona, nalapho abantu bafa khona. Akuyi kubakho uloyiso. Ngeke kubekho inkqubela phambili eyenziwa ngokuthi "ukunyuka." NgoJanuwari 5, i-2012, uNobhala we-"ulondolozo" uLenanetetta wabuzwa kwingqungquthela yenkomfa malunga nokwehluleka kwe-Iraq ne-Afghanistan, kwaye waphendula ngokucacileyo ukuba ezo ziyimpumelelo. Leyo yindlela yokuphumelela ekulindeleke e-Iran ukuba i-Iran ibe yintsipheko kwaye ikhubazeke.
Ngoku siqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo zonke izinto zokunciphisa amajelo, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nobuxoki ngomonakalo owenziwe kwi-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ngoku siqonda isizathu sokuba u-Obama kunye nePanetta bamkele ubuxoki obuvule iMfazwe e-Iraq. Ubuxoki obufanayo kufuneka bubuyiselwe kwakhona, njengokuba yonke imfazwe yalwa, iMfazwe e-Iran. Nantsi i yokuzonwabisa kuchaza indlela oku kuza kusebenza ngayo, nangona kukho entsha zijika kwaye amaqashiso of ukuhluka. Amajelo aseburhulumenteni ase-US inxalenye yomkhosi wemfazwe.
Ukucwangcisa imfazwe kunye nenkxaso yemfazwe kudala eyakhe ngesantya. Izigwebo ziba, njenge-Iraq, ilitye eliya kulwa imfazwe. Ukucima diplomacy kushiya ambalwa iinketho vu lekile. Imincintiswano yokhetho sithatha sonke apho abaninzi bethu besingafuni ukuba khona.
Zezi iibhobho okunokwenzeka ku qalisa esi sihloko esichaphazelekayo kunye nesiphepheko sembali yabantu. Oku oopopayi ibonisa ngokucacileyo oko baya kukwenza. Ngethuba elibhetele ngakumbi, ibini eliphakathi kwesi saziso somnxebi ongekho bezama u kucinga ukukholisa uGeorge Galloway ukuba simele sihlasele i-Iran.
NgoJanuwari 2, 2012, i-New York Times umbiko inkxalabo eyancitshiswe kwi-budget yase-US ibhajethi yaphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokuba iUnited States "iya kulungelelanisa imfazwe edala, ehlabathini yaseAsia." Kwiinkomfa ze-Pentagon inkomfa ngoJanuwari 5, i-2012, uSihlalo weeNtloko zeeNtloko zabasebenzi waqinisekisa isigxina esiphezulu (sic) ukuba iimfazwe ezinkulu zomhlaba zazikhethwa kakhulu kwaye iimfazwe zoluhlobo okanye enye ziqinisekileyo. Ingxelo kaMongameli Obama yomgaqo-mkhosi okhutshwe kule nkomfa yenkomfa ibhale imisebenzi yezemikhosi yaseMelika. Okokuqala bekulwa nobutshaba, ngokulandelayo kuphazamisa "ugonyamelo," ngoko "amandla okufaka ingxamnye naphezu kokuchasene nokufikelela / indawo yokuphika imingcele," ngoko i-WMD, iindawo ezithembekileyo kunye ne-cyberpace, izixhobo zenyukliya kunye ekugqibeleni - emva kwayo yonke into khankanya ngokukhusela ilizwe elibizwa ngokuba yi-United States.
Iimeko zase-Iraq ne-Iran azifani ngazo zonke iinkcukacha, ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa kuzo zombini iimeko sijongene nemizamo edibeneyo yokusiyisa kwimfazwe, iimfazwe ezisekelwe, njengoko zonke iimfazwe zisekelwe, ngamanga. Singafuna ukuvuselela esi sibheno kwi-US ne-Israel ibutho!
Izizathu ezongezelelweyo ezingekho kwi-Iraq i-Iran ziquka izizathu ezininzi zokungazigcineli iziko lemfazwe, njengoko zibekelwe WorldBeyondWar.org.
Ngencwadi Imfazwe ayisoze yaphela ibandakanya kancinci malunga "neendawo zokuchitha zokugqibela" endizifaka apha:
Ngokuqinisekileyo linyathelo eliya kwicala elilungileyo xa inkcubeko isuka kumnqweno ka-Theodore Roosevelt ovulekileyo wemfazwe entsha ngenxa yemfazwe, ekuzenzekeni kwindalo iphela ukuba yonke imfazwe kwaye mayibe sisigqibo sokugqibela. Le nto yokuhanahanisa ixhaphake kakhulu ngoku, kangangokuba abantu baseMelika bayayithatha ngaphandle kokuyixelelwa. Isifundo esenziwe ngabaphengululi kutsha nje sifumanise ukuba uluntu lwase-US lukholelwa ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha urhulumente wase-US ecebisa ngemfazwe, sele ezigqibile zonke ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka. Xa iqela lesampulu labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na imfazwe ethile, kwaye iqela lesibini labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na loo mfazwe emva kokuxelelwa ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela azilunganga, kwaye iqela lesithathu labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na loo mfazwe nangona bekukho ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo, amaqela amabini okuqala abhalise inqanaba elifanayo lenkxaso, ngelixa inkxaso yemfazwe yehla kakhulu kwiqela lesithathu. Oku kukhokelele kubaphandi kwisigqibo sokuba ukuba azikhankanywa ezinye iindlela, abantu abacingi ukuba zikhona-kunoko, abantu bacinga ukuba sele bezisiwe.[i]
Kukho iminyaka kukho iinzame ezinkulu eWashington, DC, ukuqala imfazwe e-Iran. Olunye lolona xinzelelo lukhulu luye ngo-2007 nango-2015. Ukuba loo mfazwe yaqalwa nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ibiya kuchazwa njengecebo lokugqibela, nangona ukhetho lokungaqali ukuba loo mfazwe lukhethwe izihlandlo ezininzi. . Ngo-2013, uMongameli wase-US wasixelela ngesidingo esingxamisekileyo "sokugqibela" sokuqalisa iphulo elikhulu lokuqhushumisa eSyria. Emva koko wasiguqula isigqibo sakhe, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuchasana noluntu kuso. Kwavela ukhetho lwe hayi ukuqhubhisa ibhomu eSiriya kwakhona.
Khawufane ucinge ngomntu owayelinxila owalawula busuku ngabunye ukuba atye ubuninzi bewhiskey kwaye ntsasa nganye wayefunga ukuba ukusela iwhiskey yayiyeyona ndlela yakhe yokugqibela, ngekhe akhethe nto kwaphela. Kulula ukuyicinga, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Umlutha uya kuhlala ezithethelela, nangona kungenasiphelo kufuneka kwenziwe. Kodwa khawufane ucinge ilizwe apho wonke umntu akholelwa kuye kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo bathi omnye komnye "Ngokwenyani ebengenayo enye indlela. Wayezame yonke enye into. ” Akunangqiqo, akunjalo? Phantse ungacingeli, enyanisweni. Kwaye u:
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuba i-United States imfazwe eSiriya njengento yokugqibela, nangona kunjalo:
- IUnited States yachitha iminyaka ichitha i-UN imizamo yokuthula eSiriya.[ii]
- I-United States yashiya isisombululo sokuthula saseRashiya eSiriya kwi-2012.[iii]
- Kwaye xa iUnited States yathi iphulo lokuqhubhisa ibhomu lalifuneka ngokukhawuleza njengento "yokugqibela" kwi-2013 kodwa abantu base-US baxhatshazwa ngokungaqhelekanga, ezinye iinketho zenziwa.
Ngo-2015, amalungu amaninzi e-US Congress athi isivumelwano senyukliya kunye ne-Iran kufuneka sichithwe kwaye i-Iran ihlaselwe njengeyokugqibela. Akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo ngesithembiso sika-2003 sika-Iran sokuxoxisana ngenkqubo yenyukliya, isithembiso esasigculelwa ngokukhawuleza yi-United States.
Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba iUnited States ibulala abantu abaneedrones njengesigqibo sokugqibela, nangona kunjalo kwiimeko ezincinci apho iUnited States iyazi amagama abantu ekujoliswe kuwo, baninzi (kwaye banokwenzeka ukuba bonke) kwenzeka ukuba kubanjwa lula.[iv]
Kwakukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-United States yambulala u-Osama bin Laden njengecebo lokugqibela, de abo babandakanyekayo bavume ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo “wokubulala okanye wokubamba” awuzange ubandakanye nakuphi na ukubanjwa (nokubanjwa) nokuba u-bin Laden wayengaxhobanga xa waye kubulawa.[v]
Kwakukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-United States yahlasela i-Libya ngo-2011, yabhukuqa urhulumente wayo, yaze yaxhokonxa ubundlobongela bengingqi njengendawo yokugqibela, nangona ngo-Matshi 2011 i-African Union yayinesicwangciso soxolo eLibya kodwa yathintelwa yi-NATO, ngokudala "akukho ndawo yokubhabha" kunye nokuqalisa kokuqhushumisa, ukuya eLibya ukuxoxa ngako. Nge-Epreli, i-African Union ikwazile ukuxoxa ngesicwangciso sayo nenkokheli yase-Libya u-Muammar Gaddafi, kwaye wavakalisa isivumelwano sakhe.[vi] I-NATO ifumene imvume yo-UN yokukhusela amaLibya asityholo, kodwa yayingenagunya lokuqhubela phambili ukuqhubhisa ilizwe okanye ukulidiliza urhulumente.
Kuthi nawuphi na osebenzayo, kwaye ufuna ukuqhubeka esebenza, inkulu enkulu ye-media media yase-United States ithi i-United States ihlasela i-Iraq kwi-2003 njengesigqibo sokugqibela okanye uhlobo oluthetha kuyo okanye into ethile, nangona kunjalo:
- Umongameli wase-US wayesebenzisa amaqhinga e-cockamamie ukuze aqalwe imfazwe.[vii]
- Urhulumente wase-Iraq wayeye kwi-CIA uVincent Cannistraro ngesithembiso sokuvumela imikhosi yase-US ukuba ikhangele ilizwe lonke.[viii]
- Urhulumente wase-Iraq wanikela ukubamba ukhetho lwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphakathi kweminyaka emibini.[ix]
- Urhulumente wase-Iraq wenza isibonelelo ku-Bush yaseburhulumenteni uRichard Perle ukuba avule lonke ilizwe ukuhlola, ukuguqula ummangali kwi-1993 World Trade Center ibhomu, ukukunceda ukulwa nobugqugquzela, nokuthanda iinkampani zeoli ze-US.[X]
- Umongameli wase-Iraq wanikela, kwingxelo yokuba umongameli waseSpain wanikwa ngumongameli we-US, ukuba ashiye i-Irak ukuba angayigcina i-$ 1 billion.[xi]
- I-United States yayisoloko inokhetho lokungakhange iqale enye imfazwe.
Uninzi lwabantu bonke lucinga ukuba i-United States yahlasela i-Afghanistan ngo-2001 kwaye yahlala apho ukusukela njengothotho “lweendawo zokugqibela zokungcebeleka,” nangona amaTaliban ethembisile ephindisela u-Bin Laden kwilizwe lesithathu ukuba limangalelwe, i-al Qaeda Ubukho obubalulekileyo eAfghanistan ubukhulu bexesha lemfazwe, kwaye ukurhoxa kuye kwaba lukhetho nangaliphi na ixesha.[xii]
Amaninzi agcina ukuba i-United States yaya kulwa ne-Iraq ngo-1990-1991 njenge "ndlela yokugqibela," nangona urhulumente wase-Iraq wayezimisele ukuxoxa ngokurhoxa e-Kuwait ngaphandle kwemfazwe kwaye ekugqibeleni wanikezela ngokurhoxa e-Kuwait kwiveki ezintathu ngaphandle kwemiqathango. UKumkani waseJordani, uPopu, uMongameli wase-France, uMongameli weSoviet Union, kunye nabanye abaninzi bacenga uxolo, kodwa i-White House yanyanzelisa "isigqibo sayo".[xiii]
Ngaphandle kokubeka eceleni izinto eziqhelekileyo ezandisa ubundlobongela, ukubonelela izixhobo, nokuxhobisa oorhulumente bokulwa, kunye neengxoxo ezikhohlisayo ezijoliswe ekuncediseni kunokuba zikhusele imfazwe, imbali ye-US ukuveliswa kwemfazwe inokulandelwa emva kweenkulungwane zegama njengebali Amathuba oxolo axhelwa ngokuthe ngcipheko kuzo zonke iindleko.
UMexico wayekulungele ukuthetha ngokuthengiswa kwesigxina sakhe esisenyakatho, kodwa iUnited States yayifuna ukuyithatha ngesenzo sokubulala abantu. ISpeyin yayifuna umcimbi Maine ukuya kulamlo lwamanye amazwe, kodwa i-US yayifuna imfazwe nobukhosi. ISoviet Union yaphakamisa uthethathethwano ngoxolo ngaphambi kweMfazwe yaseKorea. I-United States yachitha iziphakamiso zoxolo zaseVietnam ezivela eVietnam, eSoviet, naseFrance, bezingisa "okokugqibela" ngaphezulu kwayo nayiphi na enye indlela, ukusukela ngala mhla weGulf of Tonkin isigunyaziso semfazwe nangona ingazange yenzeke.[xiv]
Ukuba ujonga kwiimfazwe ezaneleyo, uyakufumana izehlo eziphantse zafana ezisetyenziswe kwelinye icala njengesizathu semfazwe nakwesinye isihlandlo njengento engekhoyo. UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush uphakamise kwi-Nkulumbuso yase-UK u-Tony Blair ukuba ukufumana inqwelo moya ye-U2 kunokubenza bangene emfazweni abayifunayo.[xv] Kodwa xa iSoviet Union ibetha i-U2 indiza, uMongameli uDwight Eisenhower akazange aqale imfazwe.
Ewe, ewe, omnye unokuphendula, amakhulukhulu eemfazwe zokwenyani nezingekho sikweni ayizizo iiholide zokugqibela, nangona abaxhasi babo bebanga iwonga labo. Kodwa i-theoretical War nje iya kuba sisigqibo sokugqibela. Ngaba? Ngaba ngekhe ibekho enye indlela yokuziphatha okanye ukulingana? U-Allman noWinright bacaphula uPopu John Paul II "emsebenzini wokuphanga izixhobo zomkhosi ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zingqineke zingasebenzi." Kodwa ngaba "izixhobo" ziyalingana "nebhombu okanye uhlaselo"? Siye sabona iimfazwe ziqaliswa ukuba zichithe izixhobo, kwaye iziphumo ziye zaba zizixhobo ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Uthini nge ukuyeka ingalo njengendlela enye yokunqandwa kwempahla? Kuthiwani nge-embargo yamazwe ngamazwe? Kuthiwani ngezoqoqosho kunye nezinye izikhuthazo zokukhubaza?
Kwakungekho mzuzu xa ukuqhushumba eRwanda kwakuya kuba yinto "yokugqibela". Kwakukho umzuzu xa amapolisa axhobileyo anokunceda, okanye ukusika umqondiso kanomathotholo osetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukubulala kunokuba luncedo. Kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi xa ooxolo abangaxhobanga babenokunceda. Kwakukho umzuzu xa ukufuna uxanduva lokuphendula ngokubulawa kukaMongameli bekuya kuba luncedo. Kwakukho iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi koko xa ukuyeka ukuxhobisa kunye nokuxhasa ngemali ababulali base-Uganda bekuza kunceda.
"Indawo yokugqibela" amabango ahlala ebuthathaka xa umntu ecinga ukubuyela emva kwixesha lobunzima, kodwa abe buthathaka kakhulu ukuba ubani ucinga ukubuyela umgama omde. Uninzi lwabantu luzama ukuthethelela iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, nangona enye yazo ibingenakwenzeka ngaphandle komnye okanye ngaphandle kwesimumu sokuyiphelisa, ekhokelele ababukeli abaninzi ngelo xesha ukuqikelela iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi ngokuchaneka okubonakalayo . Ukuba ukuhlasela i-ISIS eIraq ngoku “yindlela yokugqibela” kungenxa yemfazwe eyanyuswa ngo-2003, eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kweMfazwe yaseGulf yangaphambili, eyayingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuxhobisa nokuxhasa uSaddam Hussein kwimfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq, njalo njalo emva kweenkulungwane. Ewe izizathu ezingalunganga zeengxaki aziboneleli zonke izigqibo ezintsha ngokungalunganga, kodwa bacebisa ukuba umntu onombono ongenguye ongaphezulu kwemfazwe kufuneka angenelele kumjikelo owonakalisayo wokuziphendulela kwisizukulwana seengxaki.
Nokuba ngumzuzu wentlekele, ngaba inyanzelekile ukuba ibe yingxakeko njengoko abaxhasi bemfazwe bebanga? Ngaba iwotshi ikhathaza apha ngakumbi kunakwilinge lokucinga ngentuthumbo? U-Allman no-Winright bacebisa ukuba olu luhlu lweendlela ezizezinye ezinokulwa nemfazwe ekufuneka iphelisiwe: "Isohlwayo esifanelekileyo, iinzame zoonozakuzaku, iingxoxo zomntu wesithathu, okanye isigqibo."[xvi] Yiyo leyo? Olu luhlu luluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ezibonisa ukuba iRadiyo yeSizwe yoLuntu ibonisa "Zonke izinto ziCingelwa" kuzo zonke izinto. Bamele ukuyithiya ngokutsha "Ipesenti ezimbini zezinto eziqwalaselweyo." Emva kwexesha, u-Allman noWinright bacaphula ibango lokuba ukubhukuqa oorhulumente kulunge kunokuba "kube" nabo. Le ngxoxo, ababhali bayayigcina, icela umngeni "kwimpi yomzabalazo kunye nakwimfazwe yethiorists ngokufanayo." Iya? Zeziphi iindlela ekunokuthiwa ezi ntlobo zimbini kuthiwa ziyathandwa? "Uqulathe"? Ayisiyo ndlela yoxolo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela eya emfazweni.
Ukuba ilizwe belihlaselwe kwaye likhethe ukulwa ukuzikhusela, ngekhe libe nexesha lezigwebo kunye nolunye ukhetho oludwelisiweyo. Ayinakuba nalo nexesha lokuxhaswa kwezemfundo kwii-Just War theorists. Ingazifumana ilwa nayo. Indawo ye-Just War ithiyori ekufuneka isebenze kuyo, ke, ubuncinci, ubukhulu becala, ezo mfazwe zizinto ezinqabileyo zokuzikhusela, ezo mfazwe "zingaphambi kwexesha," "zithintelo," "zikhusela," njl.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusuka ekukhuseleni ngokwenene yimfazwe eqaliswe ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa okukufutshane. Ulawulo luka-Obama luye, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, luchaza ngokutsha "ukusondela" ukuba lithethe ithiyori inokwenzeka ngenye imini. Baye babanga ukuba babulala ngeedrones kuphela abantu ababesenza "isoyikiso esondeleyo kwaye esiqhubekayo eMelika." Ewe kunjalo, ukuba bekusondele phantsi kwenkcazo yesiqhelo, ngekhe iqhubeke, kuba iyakwenzeka.
Nantsi indawo ebalulekileyo evela kwiSebe lezoBulungisa "kwiPhepha leNgcacisonkqubo" echaza "okukufuphi":
"[T] imeko yokuba inkokeli esebenzayo ithi mayibe sisongelo 'esisondeleyo' sokuhlasela ngobundlobongela i-United States ayifuni ukuba i-United States ibenobungqina obucacileyo bokuba uhlaselo oluthile lwabantu base-US kunye nomdla ziyakwenzeka kungekudala. ”[xvii]
Ulawulo lukaGeorge W. Bush lwabona izinto ngendlela efanayo. Isicwangciso-qhinga Sesizwe Sokhuselo saseUnited States sango-2002 sithi: “Siyaqonda ukuba eyona nto sinokuyenza kukuzikhusela.”[xviii] Ewe, oku kuxoka, njengoko iimfazwe ezihlaselayo zivuselela inzondo. Kodwa kunyanisekileyo.
Nje ukuba sithethe ngezindululo zemfazwe ezingazikhuselayo, malunga neengxaki apho umntu enexesha lokohlwaywa, ubuzakuzo kunye nesiphelo, omnye unexesha lazo zonke iintlobo zezinye izinto. Izinto ezinokwenzeka zibandakanya: ukungabi nabundlobongela (ukungazixhobisi) ukuzikhusela okungasekelwanga eluntwini: ukubhengeza umbutho wokuchasa ngokungenabundlobongela kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi wokuzama, uqhankqalazo lwehlabathi kunye nemiboniso, izindululo zokuthintela izixhobo, izibhengezo zokuthintela izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni, imiqondiso yobuhlobo kubandakanya noncedo, ukuthatha impikiswano kulamlo okanye inkundla, ukubiza ikhomishini yenyani noxolelwaniso, iingxoxo zokubuyisela, ubunkokheli ngomzekelo wokujoyina izivumelwano ezibophelelayo okanye iNkundla yamaTyala oLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe okanye ngokwenza idemokhrasi kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo, idiploma yoluntu, ukusebenzisana kwezenkcubeko, kunye nogonyamelo lokuyila olungenasiphelo.
Kodwa kuthekani ukuba siyacinga ngenene ngokuzikhusela, nokuba lolona loyikiso kodwa oluhlekisayo olungenakwenzeka e-United States, okanye imfazwe yase-US ebonwa kwelinye icala? Ngaba yayenzelwe amaVietnam ukuba alwe? Ngaba yayikukulwa kwamaIraq kuphela? Njl. (Ndithetha ukuba oku kubandakanya imeko yokuhlaselwa kwelona lizwe laseMelika, hayi ukuhlaselwa, umzekelo, imikhosi yase-US eSyria. Njengoko ndibhalayo, urhulumente wase-United States usoyikisela "ukukhusela" imikhosi yakhe ISyria kufuneka urhulumente wase-Syria "abahlasele".)
Impendulo emfutshane yaloo mbuzo kukuba ukuba umntu okhuselekileyo uya kuphepheka, akukho nto iya kufuneka. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweemfazwe zase-US malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwemali yokusetyenziswa kwemikhosi yaseMelika isontekile nakwi-K lobbyist.
Impendulo ende kancinci kukuba ayisiyiyo indima efanelekileyo yomntu owazalelwa kwaye ehlala eUnited States ukucebisa abantu abahlala phantsi kweebhombu zase-US ukuba kufuneka bazame ukunganyangeki.
Kodwa impendulo eyiyo inzima ngakumbi kunenye kwezo. Yimpendulo ecacayo ukuba sijonga zohlaselo lwangaphandle kunye novukelo / iimfazwe zamakhaya. Zininzi izinto zokugqibela ekufuneka ujonge kuzo, kwaye kukho imizekelo eyomeleleyo yokwalatha kuyo. Kodwa injongo yethiyori, kubandakanya ne-Anti-Just-War ithiyori, kufanele ukuba ibe kukunceda ukuvelisa imizekelo yokwenene yehlabathi yeziphumo ezigqwesileyo, njengokusebenzisa ukungabinabundlobongela ngokuchasene nohlaselo lwangaphandle.
Izifundo ezinje ngo-Erica Chenoweth's ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukunganyamezeli ubuzwilakhe kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kuphumelele, kwaye impumelelo inokuba yeyokuhlala ixesha elide, kunokuxhathisa.[xix] Ke ukuba sijonga into efana novukelo olungenabundlobongela eTunisia kwi2011, sinokufumanisa ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi njengazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zemfazwe yobulungisa, ngaphandle kokuba ibingeyiyo kwaphela imfazwe. Umntu ngekhe abuye umva ngexesha kwaye aphikisane nesicwangciso esincinci sokungaphumeleli kodwa esinokubangela iintlungu kunye nokufa. Mhlawumbi ukwenza njalo kunokubangela impikiswano yeMfazwe nje. Mhlawumbi ingxabano yemfazwe nje inokwenziwa, ngokwe-anronronist, ye-2011 "yokungenelela" kwe-US ukuzisa idemokhrasi eTunisia (ngaphandle kwe-United States ukungakwazi ukwenza into enjalo, kunye nentlekele eqinisekisiweyo eyayiza kubangela). Kodwa nje ukuba wenze uguquko ngaphandle kokubulala kunye nokufa, akusayi kuphinda kuqiqe ukuphakamisa konke ukubulawa kunye nokufa-hayi ukuba kwenziwe i-Geneva Convention entsha eziliwaka, kwaye akukhathaleki ukungafezeki kwempumelelo engenabundlobongela.
Nangona kunqongophala olunxulumene nemimiselo kude kube lula ukuxhatshazwa komsebenzi wangaphandle, kukho abo sele beqala ukubiza umzekelo wokuphumelela. Nantsi uStefano Zunes:
Ukuxhatshazwa okungafunekiyo kuye kwaphumelela umngeni kwimpi yamazwe angaphandle. Ngethuba lokuqala le-intifada yasePalestina kwi-1980, abaninzi abantu abalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo baba ngamagunya okuzilawula ngokuzibandakanya okukhulu kunye nokudala amanye amaziko, ukunyanzelisa amaSirayeli ukuba avumele ukudala iPalestine Authority kunye nokuzilawula kweendawo ezininzi zasezidolophini kwiindawo zeWest Bank. Ukumelana nokungabikho komthetho kwi-Sahara yaseNtshona kusenze uMorocco ukuba anike isiphakamiso sokuzimela-ngelixa ewela ngamandla eMoroc ukuba anike iSahrawis ilungelo labo lokuzimisela-ubuncinci bavuma ukuba intsimi ayiyona enye inxenye yeMorocco.
“Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yokuthimba iJamani iDenmark neNorway ngexesha le-WWII, amaNazi ayengasakwazi ukulawula abemi. ILithuania, iLatvia, ne-Estonia bazikhulula ekuthinjweni yiSoviet ngoxinzelelo olungenabundlobongela ngaphambi kokuwa kweUSSR. ELebhanon, ilizwe elihlaselwe yimfazwe amashumi eminyaka, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yolawulo lwaseSyria yapheliswa ngogonyamelo olukhulu, olungenabundlobongela ngo-2005. Kwaye kunyaka ophelileyo, iMariupol yaba sesona sixeko sakha sakhululeka kulawulo lwabavukeli abaxhaswa ngurashiya eUkraine , hayi ngokudubula ngeebhombu nangomkhosi woombayimbayi womkhosi waseUkraine, kodwa xa amawaka abantu ababengaxhobanga besenza intsimbi bematsha ngoxolo bengena kummandla ophakathi edolophini, bebagxotha abo bahlukanisayo. ”[xx]
Omnye unokujonga izinto ezinokumelana namaNazi, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweJamani kwi-Ruhr kwi-1923, okanye mhlawumbi ekuphumeleleni kwexesha elilodwa lasePhilippines kunye nempumelelo eqhubekayo yase-Ecuador ekukhuseleni amaziko ase-US asezantsi. , kwaye kunjalo umzekelo waseGandhi wokuqhawula iBritish ngaphandle kweIndiya. Kodwa imizekelo emininzi kakhulu yeempumelelo ezingapheliyo kwi-tyranny yasekhaya ikwabonelela ngesikhokelo kwizenzo ezizayo.
Ukuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo, ukuchasana nokungabikho komthetho ekuhlaselweni kwangempela akumele kubonakale kunokwenzeka ukuba uphumelele kunokuba uphendule. Kufuneka nje kubonakale kufutshane nangoko. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba iya kuphumelela iya kukwenza ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye ukuphumelela kwayo kuya kuba nako ukuhlala.
Ngaphandle kohlaselo, ngelixa kusenziwa amabango okuba kufanele kuqaliswe imfazwe njenge "ndlela yokugqibela," izisombululo ezingenabundlobongela zifuna ukubonakala zichanekile. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bazame ngaphambi kokuqalisa imfazwe kunokuthiwa "yindlela yokugqibela". Kodwa ngenxa yokuba zingenasiphelo kwiindidi kwaye zinokulingwa ziphindaphindwe, phantsi kwendlela efanayo, enye ayinakuze ifike kwinqanaba apho ukuhlasela elinye ilizwe kuyindlela yokugqibela.
Ukuba unokufezekisa oko, isigqibo sokuziphatha siya kufuna ukuba izibonelelo eziqikelelwayo zemfazwe yakho zigqithise wonke umonakalo owenziwe ngokugcina iziko lemfazwe (bona icandelo elingasentla elithi "Ukulungiselela Imfazwe Yobulungisa Kukungabi Nabulungisa Okukhulu Kunayo Nayiphi na Imfazwe" ).
[i] UDavid Swanson, "Uphononongo lufumanisa ukuba abantu bacinga ukuba iMfazwe yindawo yokugqibela yokuphumla," http://davidswanson.org/node/4637
[ii] UNicolas Davies, Alternet, "Abavukeli abaXhobileyo kunye noMandla oMbindi Mpuma-Mpuma: Indlela i-US inceda ngayo ukubulala uxolo eSyria," http://www.alternet.org/world/armed-rebels-and-middle-astern-power-plays-how- us-ukunceda-ukubulala-uxolo-syria
[iii] UJulian Borger kunye noBastien Inzaurralde, "iNtshona 'yayityeshela isithembiso saseRashiya ngo-2012 sokuba i-Assad yaseSiriya ibeke ecaleni,'" https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/15/west-ignored-russian-offer-in -2012-to-be-syrias-assad-step-side
[iv] Ubungqina beFarea Al-muslimi kwiNgqungquthela yeKomiti yeSenate ye-Drone Wars, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtQ_mMKx3Ck
[v] I Mirror, "UTywina loMkhosi wamanzi uRob O'Neill obulale u-Osama bin Laden ubanga ukuba i-US ayinanjongo zokubamba ubugrogrisi," http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/navy-seal-rob-oneill-who- 4612012 Bona kwakhona: ABC News, "U-Osama Bin Laden akaXhobanga xa wabulawa, iNdlu yeWhite House ithi,"
[vi] IWashington Post, "UGadaffi wamkela imephu yendlela yoxolo ecetywayo ziinkokheli zaseAfrika,"
[vii] Jonga http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[viii] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker kunye noVikram Dodd, Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuthintela imfazwe," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[ix] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker kunye noVikram Dodd, Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuthintela imfazwe," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[X] UJulian Borger eWashington, uBrian Whitaker kunye noVikram Dodd, Guardian, "Izithembiso zikaSaddam zokuthintela imfazwe," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[xi] Imemo yentlanganiso: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bush-Aznar_memo kunye nengxelo yeendaba: Jason Webb, Reuters, "U-Bush wayecinga ukuba uSaddam ukulungele ukubaleka: ingxelo," http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-bush-spain-idUSL2683831120070926
[xii] URory McCarthy, Guardian, "Isibonelelo esitsha kuBin Laden," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/17/afghanistan.terrorism11
[xiii] UClyde Haberman, ENew York Times, "UPopu Uyayigxeka iMfazwe yaseGulf 'njengoMnyama'," http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/01/world/pope-denounces-the-gulf-war-as-darkness.html
[xiv] UDavid Swanson, Imfazwe Lixoki, http://warisalie.org
[xv] Imemo yeNdlu emhlophe: http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[xvi] UMark J. Allman kunye noTobias L.Winright, Emva kokuba uMsiyi uhlambulule: Imveli yokulwa kweMfazwe kunye nezoPhulo lweMfazwe (Maryknoll, NY: Iincwadi ze-Orbis, i-2010) p. 43.
[xvii] IPhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo weSebe lezoBulungisa, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf
[xviii] ISicwangciso soKhuseleko seSizwe sowama-2002, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/national/nss-020920.pdf
[xix] UErica Chenoweth noMaria J. Stephan, Kutheni iSebenzi yokuShatyelwa koLuntu: I-Strategic Logic yeNgxabano engeyiyo (Columbia University Press, 2012).
[xx] UStephen Zunes, "Ezinye iindlela zokuya kwiMfazwe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu," http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/alternatives-to-war-from-the-bottom-up/
