NguAlfred de Zayas, Uluhlu lwezahlulo, Novemba 16, 2022
Abo kuthi babe nenyhweba yokonwabela imfundo esesikweni yesiLatini baneenkumbulo ezimnandi zikaTerentius, uCicero, uHoratius, uVirgilius, uOvidius, uSeneca, uTacitus, uJuvenalis, njl.
Uninzi lweminye imilinganiselo yesiLatini ijikeleza - ayizizo zonke ezibubutyebi eluntwini. Ezi zehla kuthi zivela koobawo beCawe kunye nabaphengululi be-mediaeval. Ngomhla we-hey-day of heraldry, uninzi lweentsapho zasebukhosini kunye ne-quasi-royal zakhuphisana ngamabinzana akrelekrele esiLatini ukuba banxibe iidyasi zabo zengalo, umz. andiboni kakuhle lacessit, isaci somnombo kaStuart (akukho mntu undicaphukisayo ngaphandle kwesohlwayo esifanelekileyo).
Ilizwi elibi "si vis pacem, para bellum” (ukuba ufuna uxolo, lungiselela imfazwe) uza kuthi ngenkulungwane yesihlanu AD umbhali wesiLatin uPublius Flavius Renatus, isincoko sakhe. De re militari ayinamdla ngaphandle kweli binzana liphezulu kwaye liphikiswa. Ukusukela oko abenzi bokufudumala kwihlabathi liphela bonwabile ukucaphula le ngxelo yobungqondi-kulonwabo lwabavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya kunye namazwe aphesheya kunye nabathengisi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-International Labour Office yaqulunqa ngowe-1919 inkqubo esengqiqweni ngakumbi:si vis pacem, cole justitiam, evakalisa isicwangciso esinengqiqo nesisebenzisekayo: "ukuba ufuna uxolo, hlakulela ubulungisa". Kodwa iILO ithetha ukuthini ubulungisa? Iingqungquthela ze-ILO zibeka ukuba "ubulungisa" kufuneka buthetha ntoni, ukuqhubela phambili ubulungisa bentlalontle, inkqubo efanelekileyo, umgaqo womthetho. “Ubulungisa” ayingo “mthetho” kwaye ayikuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kweenkundla kunye nenkundla ngeenjongo zokugrogrisa abo bakhuphisana nabo. Ubulungisa abuyongcamango yophondo lwendlovu, ayingomyalelo kaThixo, kodwa sisiphumo senkqubo yokumiselwa kwemigangatho kunye neendlela zokubeka iliso eziya kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi nokungakhathali.
UCicero obekekileyo usinike kakubi kakubi: I-enim leges ethuleyo phakathi kwe-arma (kweyakhe UPro Milone izibongozo), eziye kangangeenkulungwane ziye zacatshulwa ngendlela engeyiyo inter arma cwaka imilenze. Umxholo yayisisicelo sikaCicero chasene ugonyamelo lwamahlokondiba oluqhutywa ngokwezopolitiko, kwaye lwalungajoliswanga ukuqhubela phambili ingcinga yokuba ngamaxesha ongquzulwano umthetho usuka unyamalale. I-International Committee yoMnqamlezo oBomvu inenguqulelo eyakhayo “Inter arma caritas”: emfazweni, kufuneka sisebenzise uncedo loluntu, umanyano kunye namaxhoba, uthando.
Ngale ngqiqo, uTacitus wayigatya nayiphi na ingcamango “yoxolo” esekelwe ekoyisweni nasekutshatyalalisweni. Kweyakhe Ezolimo uyazigxeka izenzo zemikhosi yamaRoma"solitudinem faciunt, pacem isibheno” – benza inkangala baze bayibize ngoxolo. Namhlanje uTacitus mhlawumbi uya kugwetywa njenge "appeaser", i-wimp.
Phakathi kwezona zithethe zibubudenge zesiLatini endizaziyo nguMlawuli uFerdinand I (1556-1564) ocekisayo “Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus” - makwenziwe ubulungisa, nokuba ihlabathi liyatshabalala. Ekuqaleni le nkcazo ivakala isengqiqweni. Enyanisweni, sisindululo esizikhukhumezayo esineziphene ezibini ezinkulu. Okokuqala, siqonda ntoni phantsi kwegama elithi "Ubulungisa"? Yaye ngubani owenza isigqibo sokuba isenzo okanye ukushiyiwa kubulungisa okanye akukho sikweni? Ngaba umlawuli ufanele abe kuphela komgwebi wokusesikweni? Oku kulindelekile ukuba uLouis XIV ajonge ngokulinganayo “Ewe, kulungile”. Ubuvuvu bobubhanxa. Okwesibini, umgaqo wokulinganisa usixelela ukuba kukho izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kubukho bomntu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ubomi kunye nokusinda kweplanethi kubaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na ingcamango engabonakaliyo "yobulungisa". Kutheni kutshabalalisa ihlabathi egameni lengcamango engaguqukiyo ye "Okusesikweni" engabonakaliyo?
Ngaphezu koko, "Fiat justitia” inika ubani ingcamango yokuba okusesikweni ngandlel’ ithile kumiselwe nguThixo ngokwaKhe, kodwa kucaciswa kuze kunyanzeliswe ngamandla exeshana. Nangona kunjalo, into omnye umntu anokuthi acinge ukuba "ilungile", omnye umntu angayikhaba njengento engafanelekanga okanye "engenabulungisa". Njengoko uTerentius wasilumkisa: Caphula i-homines, tot sententiae. Kukho iimbono ezininzi njengoko kukho iintloko, kungoko kungcono ungaqalisi iimfazwe ngenxa yaloo mahluko. Kungcono uvume ukungavumelani.
Iimfazwe ezininzi ziye zaliwa ngenxa yokungathobeli okusekwe kwimbono ezimeleyo yokuba kuthetha ukuthini ubulungisa. Ndingacebisa umgaqo wokusinika inkuthazo yokusebenzela ubulungisa: “i-justitia ut prosperatur mundus” — zabalazela ukwenza okusesikweni ukuze ihlabathi liphumelele. Okanye ubuncinci "fiat justitia, ne pereat mundus", zama ukwenza ubulungisa ukuze ihlabathi lenze hayi tshabalala.
Imfazwe yangoku e-Ukraine ibonisa ngokukrakra ukhetho "pereat emhlabeni“. Siva ookhetshe bezopolitiko bekhalela “uloyiso”, sibabukele begalela amafutha emlilweni. Ngokwenene, ngokunyuka rhoqo, ukuphakamisa izibonda, kubonakala ngathi singxamele ukuya ekupheleni kwehlabathi njengoko sisazi - Apocalypse ngoku. Abo banyanzelisa ukuba banyanisekile kwaye iintshaba ziphosakele, abo bangavumiyo ukuhlala phantsi baxoxisane nokuphela kwemfazwe, abo basengozini yokujongana nenyukliya ngokucacileyo babandezeleka kuhlobo oluthile lwemfazwe. taedium vitae – ukudinwa kobomi. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ebudeni bemfazwe yeminyaka engama-30 yowe-1618-1648, amaProtestanti ayekholelwa ukuba okusesikweni kukwicala lawo. Ewe, amaKatolika nawo ayesithi akwicala elifanelekileyo lembali. Abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-8 bafela ilize, yaye ngo-Oktobha 1648, ngenxa yokudinwa kukubulala, amaqela alwayo atyikitya isivumelwano soxolo saseWestphalia. Bekungekho boyisi.
Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nangona izenzo ezimanyumnyezi zenziwa kwimfazwe yeminyaka engama-30, akuzange kubekho matyala olwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe emva koko, akukho mbuyekezo kwiZivumelwano zowe-1648 zaseMünster nase-Osnabrück. Ngokuchasene noko, iNqaku lesi-2 lazo zombini izivumelwano libonelela ngoxolelo jikelele. Bekuchithwe igazi elininzi. IYurophu yayifuna ukuphumla, kwaye “isohlwayo” sasishiyelwe kuThixo: “Kuya kubakho kweli cala lize kwelinye libe noKulahlwa okungunaphakade, uXolelo, okanye uXolelo lwazo zonke izinto ezenziweyo … ngendlela, ukuze kungabikho mntu . . . enze naziphi na izenzo zobutshaba, enze nabuphi na ubutshaba, okanye abangele nayiphi na iNkathazo omnye komnye.”
Isishwankathelo esisishwankathelo, eyona ilungileyo iseyintetho ethi Peace of Westphalia “Pax optima rerum”-uxolo yeyona nto ilungileyo.
