Umfanekiso ukusuka https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped
NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Oktobha 13, 2021
I-Empire ise (okanye entsha, njengoko ibingasoloko) iyinto echukumisayo kwi-US Empire. Uninzi lwabantu baseUnited States luyakukhanyela ukuba iUnited States yakha yanobukhosi, ngenxa yokuba abazange bayive ngayo, kwaye ke kufuneka ingabikho. Kwaye abo badla ukuthetha ngobukhosi base-US abona bakholisa ukuba ngabaxhasi bobundlobongela obuchasene nobukhosi (njengembono ephelelwe lixesha njengobukhosi) okanye abazisa iindaba ezilungileyo zokuwa kobukumkani.
Iinkxalabo zam malunga noqikelelo lokuwa kobukumkani base-US okusondelayo kubandakanya (1) njengoqikelelo olonwabileyo lwe "oyile ephezulu" - ixesha elizukileyo elingazange liqikelelwe ukuba lifike ngaphambi kokuba kutshiswe ioyile eyaneleyo ukuze kupheliswe ubomi eMhlabeni - ukuphela kobukumkani base-US. awuqinisekiswanga ukuba uza kuza kwakamsinyane ngebhola yekristale yakhe nabani na ukunqanda ukutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo okanye kwenyukliya kuyo yonke into; (2) njengokuthatha ukuqhubela phambili kweCongress okanye ukuchithwa ngobundlobongela kwe-Assad okanye ukubuyiselwa kweTrump, izibikezelo ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakala zincinci kuneminqweno; yaye (3) ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuba izinto ziya kwenzeka ngokungaphephekiyo kutyekele ekungayikhuthazini imigudu emikhulu ukuze zenzeke.
Isizathu sokuba kufuneka sisebenze ukuphelisa ubukhosi asikokukhawulezisa izinto, kodwa kunye nokumisela ukuba ubukhosi buphela njani, kwaye ukuze kupheliswe, kungekhona nje ubukhosi, kodwa lonke iziko lobukhosi. Ubukhosi base-US beziseko zomkhosi, ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo, ukulawula imikhosi yangaphandle, ubhukuqo-mbuso, iimfazwe, izoyikiso zeemfazwe, ukubulawa kwabantu ngeedrone, izohlwayo zezoqoqosho, ipropaganda, ukubolekwa imali, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa / ukusebenzisana komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwahluke kakhulu kubukhosi bangaphambili. Ubukhosi baseTshayina, okanye obunye, bebuya kuba butsha yaye obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili. Kodwa ukuba kwakuthetha ukunyanzeliswa kwedemokhrasi enobungozi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engafunekiyo kuninzi lweplanethi, ngoko bekuya kuba bubukhosi kwaye kuya kutywina ikamva lethu ngokuqinisekileyo njengangoku.
Yintoni enokuba luncedo inokuba yingxelo yembali ecacileyo yobukhosi obunyukayo kunye nokuwa, ebhalwe ngumntu owaziyo konke oku kwaye uzinikele kuzo zombini ukunqumla i-propaganda yeenkulungwane zakudala kunye nokuphepha iinkcazo ezilula. Kwaye ngoku sinayo eAlfred W. McCoy's Ukulawula iHlabathi: iMiyalelo yeHlabathi kunye noTshintsho oluNcinci, ukhenketho olunamaphepha angama-300 kubukhosi bamandulo nabangoku, kuquka ubukhosi basePortugal nobaseSpeyin. UMcCoy unikezela ngengxelo eneenkcukacha zala magalelo obukhosi ekubulaweni kwabantu, ebukhobokeni, kwaye—ngokuchaseneyo—ingxoxo zamalungelo oluntu. UMcCoy udibanisa imiba yabantu, ezoqoqosho, ezomkhosi, ezenkcubeko kunye nezoqoqosho, ngokuqwalasela okunomdla koko sinokukubiza ngokuba bubudlelwane boluntu namhlanje. Ngokomzekelo, uphawula ukuba ngowe-1621 amaDatshi azigxeka izenzo zenkohlakalo zaseSpeyin xa ebeka ityala lokuthimba amathanga aseSpeyin.
UMcCoy ubandakanya i-akhawunti yento abiza ngokuba yi "Empires of Commerce and Capital," oko kukuthi, amaDatshi, amaBritane, namaFrentshi, akhokelwa yiNkampani yaseDutch East India kunye namanye ama-pirates amashishini, kunye nengxelo yendlela iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. imithetho yemfazwe noxolo iphuhliswe kulo mongo. Enye inkalo ebangel’ umdla yale ngxelo yindlela urhwebo lwaseBritani ngabantu abangamakhoboka abasuka eAfrika olwalubandakanya ngayo ukurhweba ngekhulu lamawaka emipu kubantu baseAfrika, nto leyo eyayiphumela kugonyamelo oluhlasimlis’ umzimba eAfrika, kanye njengokuba ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle kwenzelwa kumazwe afanayo. kude kube namhlanje.
UBukhosi baseBritani buchazwe ngokubalaseleyo kule ncwadi, kuquka namagqabantshintshi egorha lethu esilithandayo lokunceda uluntu uWinston Churchill echaza ukubulawa kwabantu abangama-10,800 apho kwabulawa imikhosi yaseBritani engama-49 kuphela “lolona phawu loloyiso lwakha lwafunyanwa ziingalo zenzululwazi phezu kwayo. amabharibhari.” Kodwa uninzi lwencwadi lugxile ekudalweni nasekugcinweni kobukumkani base-US. McCoy uphawula ukuba “Ebudeni beminyaka engama-20 eyalandelayo [iWWII], ubukhosi obulishumi obabulawula isinye kwisithathu soluntu buya kuthabathel’ indawo amazwe ali-100 amatsha awayesandul’ ukuzimela,” yaye emva koko, kumaphepha amaninzi athi, “Phakathi kowe-1958 nowe-1975, ubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini, izihlandlo ezininzi. kubo abaxhaswa ngemali yiMerika, batshintsha oorhulumente kumazwe angamashumi amathathu anesibini—ikota yamazwe azimeleyo ehlabathi—ekhuthaza ‘ukubuya umva’ okwahlukileyo kwindlela yehlabathi yokusingise kwidemokhrasi.” (Usizi ngekamva lomntu wokuqala ukukhankanya oko kwiNkomfa yeDemokhrasi kaMongameli uJoe Biden.)
UMcCoy ukwajonge ngokusondeleyo ukukhula kwezoqoqosho nezopolitiko eTshayina, kubandakanya nebhanti kunye nenyathelo lendlela, ethi - kwi-1.3 yeetriliyoni zeedola - abhale "lona tyalo-mali lukhulu kwimbali yoluntu," mhlawumbi engakhange ayibone i-21 yezigidigidi zeedola ezifakwe emkhosini wase-US. kwiminyaka engama-20 nje edlulileyo. Ngokungafaniyo namanani amakhulu abantu kwi-Twitter, uMcCoy akabikezeli uBukhosi baseTshayina behlabathi ngaphambi kweKrisimesi. UMcCoy ubhala athi: “Eneneni, ngaphandle kokunyuka kwamandla ezoqoqosho nakwezomkhosi, iTshayina inenkcubeko yokuzimela, iguqulela umbhalo ongengowaseRoma (okufuna abantu abangamawaka amane endaweni yoonobumba abangama-26), imibutho yezopolitiko engekhoyo, kunye nenkqubo yomthetho ephantsi. oko kuyakukhanyela ezinye zezixhobo eziphambili zobunkokeli behlabathi. ”
UMcCoy akabonakali ngathi ucingela ukuba oorhulumente abazibiza ngokuba ziidemokhrasi ngokwenene bangamademokhrasi, kangangokuba baphawule ukubaluleka kwe-PR yedemokhrasi kunye nenkcubeko ekusasazeni ubukhosi, imfuneko yokusebenzisa "ingxoxo yehlabathi kunye nequkayo." Ukususela ngowe-1850 ukusa kowe-1940, ngokutsho kukaMcCoy, iBritani yayixhasa isithethe “sokudlala ngokufanelekileyo,” “imarike yasimahla,” nokuchasa ubukhoboka, yaye iUnited States iye yasebenzisa imiboniso bhanyabhanya yaseHollywood, imibutho yeRotary, imidlalo edumileyo nazo zonke iincoko zayo eziphathelele “ amalungelo oluntu” ngoxa eqalisa iimfazwe yaye exhobisa oozwilakhe abakhohlakeleyo.
Kwisihloko sokuwa kobukhosi, uMcCoy ucinga ukuba iintlekele zendalo ziya kunciphisa amandla e-US kwiimfazwe zangaphandle. (Ndingaqaphela ukuba inkcitho yasemkhosini yase-US iyenyuka, imikhosi injalo ishiywe ngaphandle yezivumelwano zemozulu kwibhidi ye-US, kunye nomkhosi wase-US khuthaza ingcamango yeemfazwe njengempendulo kwiintlekele zendalo.) UMcCoy ucinga kwakhona ukuba ukunyuka kweendleko zentlalo yoluntu olulupheleyo kuya kuguqula i-US kwinkcitho yempi. (Ndingaqaphela ukuba inkcitho yasemkhosini yase-US iyenyuka, urhwaphilizo lukarhulumente wase-US luyenyuka; ukungalingani kobutyebi base-US kunye nentlupheko iyenyuka; kwaye i-propaganda yasebukhosini yase-US iye yawuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo umbono wokhathalelo lwempilo njengelungelo lomntu kuninzi lweengqondo zase-US.)
Elinye ikamva elinokwenzeka elicetyiswa nguMcCoy lihlabathi elineBrazil, i-US, i-China, iRashiya, i-Indiya, i-Iran, uMzantsi Afrika, iTurkey, kunye ne-Egypt alawula amacandelo ehlabathi. Andiqondi ukuba amandla kunye nokwanda koshishino lwezixhobo, okanye imbono yobukumkani, iyakuvumela oko. Ndicinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba sihambe siye kulawulo lomthetho kunye nokuthotywa kwezixhobo okanye sibone imfazwe yehlabathi. Xa uMcCoy ephendukela kwisihloko sokuwa kwemozulu, ucebisa ukuba amaziko ehlabathi aya kufuneka - njengoko kunjalo kudala kudala. Umbuzo ngowokuba ngaba singaseka kwaye someleze amaziko anjalo phambi koBukhosi base-US, kungakhathaliseki ukuba mangaphi ama-empire akhoyo okanye yiyiphi inkampani embi abayibeka kuyo le yangoku.
