Izandla ezinegazi eCanada-kwa-Israyeli Drone Imfazwe ubudlelwane

nguMateyu Behrens, Umvundla, NgoMeyi 28, 2021

Kwesinye seziganeko ezothusayo esiswini ukusuka kumashumi eminyaka yokuhlaselwa kuka-Israyeli nxamnye neGaza, abantwana abane ababedlala elwandle wabulawa ngo-2014 ngoqhankqalazo lwedrone yakwa-Israeli. KuDisemba ophelileyo, eCanada cwaka kuthengwa evela kumvelisi wemfazwe wase-Israeli i-Elbit Systems i- $ 36-yezigidi, uguqulelo lwesizukulwana esilandelayo seedrones ezichaphazelekayo kolo gonyamelo.

IHermes 900 drone ethengwa yiCanada yinguqulelo enkulu kunye nephambili yeHermes 450, uhlaselo lwasemoyeni kunye nedrone yokujonga eyayisaziwa ngokulusizi ngumkhosi wase-Israeli ukujolisa ngabom eGaza ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kuka-Israyeli ngo-2008-2009, ngokwe Human Rights Watch. Ezi drones zakwa-Israeli bezisoloko zisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweGaza, kokubini kuvavanya abantu abaphantsi kwaye emva koko kuqhushumbe kubo ukusukela oko.

Kukonyuswe ukugxila kubudlelwane obukhulayo beCanada kunye nomzi mveliso wemfazwe yedrone yakwa-Israeli kwinyanga ephelileyo, njengombutho wamajoni wakwa-Israeli - okwinqanaba lama-20 kule Isalathiso seMlilo seHlabathi kwaye ubuncinci inezixhobo zenyukliya ezingama-90- i-Gaza yacola kunye neentsuku ezili-11 ezingapheliyo uloyiko lokuqhushumba ejolise kumaziko onyango, ezikolweni, ezindleleni, kwizakhiwo zezindlu, nakwiinkqubo zombane.

Inkqubo yeElbit yeHermes yedrone eyayithengwe yiCanada yabhengezwa ngokubanzi njenge- "yokulwa eqinisekisiweyo" ngokuchasene nabantu basePalestine eGaza e2014, xa Iipesenti ezingama-37 zeengozi zasePalestine zazidibene noqhankqalazo lwedrone. Ngelo xesha, Amnesty International gwetywanga Imikhosi yakwa-Israyeli yokugunyaziswa kolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kwindawo yabo yesithathu yomkhosi ngokuchasene neGaza kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu. Uxolelo ikwabize iHamas ngemisebenzi abathi ibilulwaphulo mthetho emfazweni.

AmaPalestina kudala esebenza njengeethagethi zabantu kuvavanyo oluyingozi lwezixhobo zemfazwe zase-Israeli. Njengengqwelomoya yomkhosi wakwa-Israeli "kwitekhnoloji kunye nokuhamba" kwentloko yecandelo u-Avner Benzaken xelelwe Isibuko Kungekudala emva kokubulawa kwabantu abangama-2,100 basePalestine ngo-2014:

"Ukuba ndiphuhlisa imveliso kwaye ndifuna ukuyivavanya ebaleni, kuya kufuneka ndihambe iikhilomitha ezintlanu okanye ezilishumi ukusuka kwisiseko sam kwaye ndinokujonga kwaye ndibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngesixhobo. Ndifumana ingxelo, ke yenza ukuba inkqubo yophuhliso ikhawuleze kwaye isebenze ngakumbi. ”

Abantu baseKhanada bezoBulungisa noXolo kuMbindi Mpuma Bebongoza uMphathiswa Wezothutho kunye neLungu lePalamente u-Omar Alghabra ukuba bayirhoxise ikhontrakthi ye-Elbit, befuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni iCanada izotyebisa eyona nto iphambili kwinkampani ekubulaweni kwabantu basePalestine kunye nokonakaliswa kweGaza.

Iinkqubo ze-Elbit yenye yezona zinto zinkulu zemfazwe zakwa-Israyeli, kodwa ubutyebi bayo bezemali bungaphantsi kunenzuzo mva nje, kunye ne-CEO uBezhalel Machlis Ndiyalila inyani yokuba "i-Elbit isasokola kubhubhane we-COVID-19 kuba akukho ziboniso zomoya zibonisa izixhobo zayo."

Amaphepha eebhalansi aya kuphucuka, nangona kunjalo, xa enikwe umboniso wamandla abo emlilweni nxamnye nabantu baseGaza. Kanjalo, Umagazini weForbes is sele ehlola Indima yezixhobo ezitsha ezidlalwe kuhlaselo njengoko abatyali zimali bejonge ukubheja okuhle olulandelayo kwimfazwe; uqikelelo lwakwangoko luveza ukwanda kweepesenti ezingama-50 kwipesenti kwibhombu yase-Israeli ngaphezulu kokubulawa kuka-100.

Ulawulo lomda we-Elbit

Njengamashishini amaninzi emfazwe, i-Elbit ikwagxile kuyo ukucupha kunye "nokhuselo lwemida," enezigidi ezili-171 zeedola kwizivumelwano zokubonelela amagosa ase-US ngezixhobo zokuthintela ababaleki ekuweleni umda neMexico, kunye ne-xenophobic Fortress Europe $ 68-million yesivumelwano sokuthintela iimbacu ekuweleni iMeditera.

Ngokugxekayo, i-Elbit ibonelela ngezixhobo zobuchwephesha zokujonga eludongeni lwemida yakwa-Israyeli. Ngo-2004, iNkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe fu maneka udonga alukho mthethweni, ludinga ukuba ludilizwe, kwaye nabantu basePalestine ababiwa amakhaya namashishini abo kuba babesendleleni yodonga ukuze bahlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Udonga, ewe, luhlala lumile.

Ngelixa urhulumente waseTrudeau ezibamba njengesibane sentlonipho yomthetho wamanye amazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu, ukuthengwa kwe-drone ye-Elbit ngokuqinisekileyo akubonakali kakuhle. Kwaye ayisiyiyo into yokuba kwi-2019, i-Israel yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili engamkeli mvume yezixhobo zokuthumela ngaphandle izixhobo kwi-Global Affairs Canada, nge Ukuvunywa okungama-401 kwitekhnoloji yasemkhosini efikelela phantse kwi-13.7 yezigidi zeedola.

Ukusukela oko uTrudeau wonyulwa kwi-2015, ngaphezulu $ 57 yezigidi kwii-Canada zemfazwe ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisiwe kwa-Israyeli, kubandakanya i-16 yezigidi zeedola kwiziqhushumbisi. Kwi-2011, i-Palestina Boycott, ukuHanjiswa, uKhetho lweLizwe bizelwa isithintelo seengalo nxamnye no-Israyeli esifana neso sasinyanzelwe ngokuchasene nocalulo eMzantsi Afrika

Mhlawumbi ukunciphisa ivumba lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ngoDisemba ophelileyo ukuthengwa kwesiXhobo se-Elbit kwaconjululwa kwimibandela yokukhanyisa ngenkxalabo eluntwini, uqoqosho oluhlaza, kwaye, ngakumbi, ngokudinisayo, ukuhlonipha ubukhosi boMthonyama. UAnita Anand, umphathiswa weenkonzo zoluntu kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla, emva koko umphathiswa wezothutho uMarc Garneau ubhengeze isivumelwano njengethuba "lokugcina amanzi aseCanada ekhuselekile, kunye nokubeka iliso kungcoliseko."

Njengokungathi oku akulunganga ngokwaneleyo, ukukhutshwa kukwabonakalise ukuba ngaphambi kokuthengwa, "Ezothutho Canada zazibandakanya namaqela eMveli eMantla eCanada," nangona kungacacanga (inikwe ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kweCanada ukuzibandakanya ngokupheleleyo nomgaqo wenkululeko. , ngaphambili, kunye nemvume enolwazi) ukuba ngubani othathe umyalezo wefowuni othi Canada iyakubhabha idrone kumhlaba obiweyo nakumanzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho sigqebelo sincinci kwinto yokuba ilizwe elihlala abantu lobukoloniyali lithenga iidrones ukubeka esweni imihlaba ebiweyo kunye namanzi asuka kwelinye ilizwe labemi belizwe labakoloniyali abasebenzisa kwaiidrones ezifanayo ukuhlola kunye nokuqhushumbisa abantu abavalelweyo abanemihlaba namanzi abo abiweyo.

Ukucima ukuthengwa kwedrone

Ukuthula kuka-Mphathiswa u-Alghabra kulo mbandela akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuvuma kwakhe ukwamkela i-Canada ye-15 yezigidigidi zeedola Isivumelwano ngezixhobo I-Saudi Arabia kunye nokwala ukujoyina i-24 Liberal kunye ne-NDP MPs kunye neesenethi ngokudibeneyo ebizwa eKhanada ukuba ihlawulise i-Israel nge-20 ngoMeyi incwadi eya eTrudeau. Ewe, kuzo zonke iintsuku ezili-11 zokuqhushumisa kwa-Israeli, u-Alghabra wavalela ukutya kwakhe ku-Twitter kwiingxelo malunga neebhatyi zobomi, ukhuseleko lukaloliwe, kunye ne-anodyne cheerleading ngaphezulu kwamanani okugonya ubhubhane.

Ngelixa iLungu lePalamente elizithandayo ukubonelela "Abameli belizwi elinamandla kwimicimbi yasekhaya nakwilizwe lonke bayazifihla, kufanele ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kuAlghabra ukungayihoyi inyani yokuba ngaphezulu kwabantu abangama-10,000 Umthumelele i-imeyile Ekhalazela ukuthengwa kweedrone.

Inokuba ngumcimbi wexesha ngaphambi kokuba u-Ottawa anyanzelwe ukuba aphendule. Uxinzelelo kuluntu luye lwadlala indima ephambili ekuhambiseni nasekuhlukaneni kwiinkqubo ze-Elbit ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka. Ngo-2009, ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi yaseNorway wathi Ukuba nezabelo kwiiNkqubo ze-Elbit "kubangela umngcipheko ongamkelekanga wokuba negalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho olunobuzaza ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwenkampani kulwakhiwo lakwa-Israyeli lomqobo wokwahlula kumhlaba ekuhlalwa kuwo" eWest Bank. Emva koko umphathiswa wezemali waseNorway uKristin Halvorsen wathi, "Asinqweneli ukuxhasa ngemali iinkampani ezithe zanegalelo elithe ngqo ekwaphuleni umthetho welizwe jikelele."

Ekupheleni kwe-2018, ibhanki enkulu yebhanki ye-HSBC qi nisiwe ukuba yahlukane ngokupheleleyo ne-Elbit Systems emva konyaka wokukhankasela. Oku kulandela a ukwahlulwa okufanayo Ukusuka kuBarclays kunye nabaphathi botyalo mali lwe-AXA, abachasayo kwimveliso yenkampani yeebhombu ezisebenzisanayo kunye ne-phosphorus emhlophe kwaye batsala isuntswana lezabelo zabo. NgoFebruwari 2021, i Ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi yase-East Sussex nayo yazahlula.

Ngeli xesha, a isikhalazo ukuba i-EU iyeke ukuthenga okanye ukuqeshisa iidrones zakwa-Israeli ziyaqhubeka nokukhula; Abaququzeleli base-Australia bazama nokuphelisa urhulumente Nziswano ngeeNkqubo zeElbit; kunye nabaphembeleli bamalungelo abafuduki baseMelika nabo phikisa Indima yeenkampani ezinje nge-Elbit kuqhubekeko lomkhosi womda.

IPalestine Solidarity Network Aotearoa Iingxelo zokuba nangona iNew Zealand Superfund yaphosa izabelo zayo ze-Elbit kwi-2012, umkhosi uqhubeka nokuthenga izinto zemfazwe kwifemi yakwa-Israeli. Ngokukodwa umkhosi wase-Australia unawo sigqibo ngeyona ndlela ingenamgaqo wokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwenkqubo yolawulo lomlo eveliswe ngu-Elbit kuba beziva ukuba inkampani ihlawulisa kakhulu.

Intshukumo ethe ngqo kwii-Elbit subsidiaries kudala ijolise kubakhankaso base-UK, abathi Cima kusuku lwefektri yase-UK Elbit ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, yinxalenye yephulo elidlulileyo leminyaka ngokubambisana nabantu baseGaza. Amalungu e-UK-based Palestine Action athe atshiza ngepeyinti ebomvu ebonisa igazi kwinkxaso-mali yase-Elbit yase-UK nawo babanjwe ebutsheni balo nyaka phantsi komthetho wase-UK wokulwa ubugrogrisi, kugqogqo olwenziwe kumakhaya e-arrestees.

Amanyathelo asebenze ngempumelelo kangangokuba owayesakuba ngu-Mphathiswa Wezemicimbi yeqhinga u-Orit Farkash-Hacohen ingxelo uxelele uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle wase-Bhritane u-Dominic Raab ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokuba iifemu zakwa-Israeli ezinje nge-Elbit ziya kuba nakho ukuqhubeka nokwenza ushishino e-UK ukuba babephantsi kolu hlobo lokungavumi.

Ishishini laseCanada elinegazi

Ngaba uMphathiswa u-Alghabra angafumanisa umqolo kwaye ayirhoxise ikhontrakthi yakwa-Israeli ye-Elbit, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo angazama ukuyiguqula ibe "zindaba ezilungileyo zeshishini laseCanada" isibhengezo kuba zininzi iinkampani kweli lizwe esele zilonwabele ishishini lokulwa lemfazwe yedrone.

Ngelixa i-Elbit yenkxaso-mali yaseCanada, iGeoSpectrum Technologies, isebenza ngokukuko kwimfazwe yedrone evela kwiiofisi zayo eDartmouth, eNova Scotia, inkokheli yexesha elide yempahla yaseCanada yedrone yaseBurlington, e-Ontario's L-3 Wescam (iimveliso zayo zedrone zihlala zibandakanyeka kwikhomishini. yolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, njengoko kubhaliwe ngu Amakhaya hayi iiBhombu kwaye, kutshanje, ngu Iprojekthi yokulima).

Kwangelo xesha, i-L-3 Wescam ikwangumdlali ophambili kwimizamo engaziwayo eyaziwayo edibeneyo yaseCanada nase-Israeli yokufumana umvuzo ofikelela kwi-5 yezigidigidi zeedola kuthengiso lwezixhobo zeedrone kwisebe lemfazwe laseCanada. "Iqela uArtemisUbambiswano phakathi kwe-L3 MAS (inkampani encinci kaMirabel ye-L3Harris Technologies, ekwangumnini wezixhobo ezijolise ekuveliseni izixhobo ze-L-3 Wescam) kunye ne-Israeli Aerospace Industries.

Kucetyiswa into abayibiza ngokuba yinguqulelo yaseCanada ye-Israeli Heron TP drone. UHeron wabona ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo ngexesha Umsebenzi weLast Lead ngokuchasene neGaza ngo-2008-2009, elinye iqela lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olukhokelele ekubulaweni kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-1,400 basePalestine. ECanada emva koko uqeshisiwe iidrones "ezingqinisisiweyo zokulwa" ukuba zisetyenziswe e-Afghanistan ngo-2009.

Ngokwiprofayile yeedrones ezicetywayo kwi Uphengululo loKhuselo lwaseKhanada, Imikhosi yaseCanada eAfghanistan yayinomdla kwiidrones, uMGen (Ret'd) uCharles “Duff” Sullivan egxadazela: “Ukusetyenziswa kweHeron eCanada kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga kubonelele ngamava abalulekileyo nezifundo esizifundileyo,” kunye noMGen (Ret'd) Christian UDrouin uqhwabela izandla “iHeron [njenge] asethi ebalulekileyo kwindawo yokugcina izinto zam.”

Iidrones ezinjalo ziyaziwa njengokuphakama okuphakathi kokuphakama okude (MALE), ukanti enye kumgca ongapheliyo wokungazi kakuhle into yokuba uninzi lweenjengele ziba nesifo somona kunye nayo yonke into emkhosini inegama elibonisa ubuqatha bendoda.

Isindululo seQela lika-Artemis laseKhanada-lakwa-Israyeli licinga ngokusetyenziswa kweinjini ze-1,200 ze-shaft ze-shaft ze-Pratt kunye ne-Whitney Turbo-Prop PT6 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zibhabhe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-36 kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphakame kangangeemitha ezingama-45,000. Ikwathembisa "ukusebenzisana" neminye imikhosi, inamandla "okwahlulahlula" apho kufuneka khona "iinkqubo zokubhabha kubukrelekrele nakwiinkqubo zezixhobo."

Ngenxa yokuba iidrones ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni, iQela uArtemis lithembisa ukuba ukuqokelelwa kobukrelekrele kuya kwabiwa kuphela phakathi kwe-Five Eyes Alliance (Canada, US, UK, New Zealand ne-Australia).

Isindululo sedrone yase-Canada esingqinwe ngumishini

Ngelixa iKhanada ikhala ngokusetyenziswa kweedrones ngeenjongo zokuzonwabisa, le drone iza ilungiswe nge "standard ye-NATO BRU rack ekwaziyo ukubamba imirhumo emininzi," isithuko somqolo ophethe iibhombu ezingama-2,200.

Ukugxeka ngokubhekisele kwindima yovavanyo lakwa-Israeli kumaPalestina, Uphengululo loKhuselo lwaseKhanada iqinisekisa abathengi abanokubakho ukuba "iqonga lika-Artemis 'Heron TP lingqinisisiwe. UMkhosi woMoya wase-Israeli (IAF) uye wakhwela i-Heron TP UAV ishumi lamawaka eeyure ukusukela ngo-2010 kwaye iqhutywa kakhulu phantsi kwemeko zokulwa. ” Ikushiya ngokulula amagama abantu basePalestine ebebejolise kubo.

Njengokuba isiqinisekiso besingonelanga, umphathi we-Aerospace Industries ye-Israeli uMoshe Levi uthi:

“Iqela uArtemis linika iKhanada [idrone] esemngciphekweni, esemngciphekweni equlathe ubugcisa bakumgangatho ophezulu; yakhelwe phezu kwelifa lemveli kunye namava okusebenza abo bonke abathengi bakaHeron TP, kubandakanya noMkhosi woMoya wase-Israeli. ”

Abantu beqela uArtemis bayayiqaphela into yokuba, ukongeza kubume boluntu ukungcola kweedrones ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umlilo wehlathi, ziyakunceda nomkhosi waseCanada "ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo kwiingqungquthela zamanye amazwe kunye neminye iminyhadala yokhuseleko, kunye nokunceda ukuthotyelwa komthetho. imisebenzi njengoko kufuneka. ”

Ngamanye amagama, iidrones ezabhabha ngaphezulu koqhanqalazo lweMicimbi yoBomi obuMnyama e-US kwihlobo elidlulileyo ziya kufakwa ngokuchasene nokuchasana nomhlaba owaziwa njengeCanada, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo zibonakalise zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo “ezikude” ngakumbi umhlaba womthonyama kunye nabakhuseli bamanzi Ukuzama ukuthintela olunye uhlaselo lwemimandla yabo.

Ukuba iQela uArtemis liphumelele ibhidi, iidrones ziya kudityaniswa yi-MAS kwindawo yabo yaseMirabel, esele isebenze amashumi amathathu eminyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhombu zaseCanada ze-CF-18 zikwimeko ye-mint kwaye kude kube ngumsebenzi wokuwisa iibhombu.

Njenge-CTV umbiko Kwangoko kulenyanga, iCanada izakube ifuna amabhidi asemthethweni amadabi eedrone kokuwa, ngezicwangciso zokuseka iziko loqeqesho lwemfazwe yedrone e-Ottawa. Kubekho ingxoxo encinci esidlangalaleni malunga nesindululo, esinokubona iCanada iba ngumdlali kwiklabhu ekhulayo yamazwe asebenzisa iidrones ukuba zibandakanyeke ekubulaweni kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo, ukuhambisa imijukujelwa yomlilo wesihogo, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zemida, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.

I-CTV yongezwa:

“Urhulumente nomkhosi bathi inqwelo moya engabanjwanga iza kusetyenziselwa ukuqokelela kunye nokuqokelela ubuntlola kunye nokuhambisa ugwayimbo lomoya kwimikhosi yotshaba kwindawo apho ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuvunyiwe. Urhulumente ukwathethile okuncinci malunga nemeko apho amandla anokusetyenziswa, kubandakanya nokuba anokusetyenziselwa ukubulala. Abasemagunyeni bacebise ukuba bazakusetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngeejethi zomkhosi kunye nezixhobo zokudubula. ”

Hayi kwiidrones zomkhosi, ixesha

Ukuthula cwaka ngeli xesha kukungcatshwa kwabo ukuphalazwa kwegazi kwabo kuveliswa zezi drones, uninzi lwabo luhlala eGaza kwaye uninzi lwabo ngabantwana. Kwiveki ephelileyo, uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres uvakalise wathi: "Ukuba sikhona isihogo emhlabeni, bubomi babantwana eGaza."

UGuterres naye:

“[P] watyhila umfanekiso ombi wezinto eziluncedo kuluntu eGaza, ukuvalwa kweendlela, ukunqongophala kombane okuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, amakhulu ezakhiwo namakhaya atshatyalalisiweyo, izibhedlele zikhubazekile kwaye amawaka abantu basePalestina bengenamakhaya. 'Ukulwa kuye… kwanyanzela abantu abangaphezu kwama-50,000 XNUMX ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo baye kufuna indawo yokuhlala kwi-UNRWA (i-arhente yoncedo yeUN yeembacu zasePalestine) ezikolweni, kwizakhiwo zonqulo zamaSilamsi nakwezinye iindawo ezingenawo amanzi, ukutya, ucoceko okanye iinkonzo zempilo.' ”

Njengokuba abantu baseGaza bejonge ukulwa ukupheliswa komlilo okutsha kwaye bexhalabile kumjikelo olandelayo wohlaselo- into umkhosi wase-Israeli ubhekisa kuyo njengokucheba ingca- abantu kweli lizwe banokufuna isiphelo sazo zonke izixhobo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zase-Israeli kwa-Israyeli, nokucinywa kwe-Elbit Systems drone yokuthenga, kwaye ucime nayiphi na ingqwalaselo yokwakha umkhosi we-drone oxhobileyo emkhosini waseCanada.

Phambi kosuku lwesizwe lokusebenza olucwangciswe ngamaKhaya hayi iiBhombu, abo bachasene nokuthengwa kwedrone ye-Elbit yakwa-Israeli banokuvelisa i-imeyile ngokusebenziseka lula isixhobo esikwi-intanethi ibonelelwe ngabantu baseKhanada ngoXolo noBulungisa kwi-Mbindi Mpuma.

U-Matthew Behrens ngumbhali ozimeleyo kunye nommeli wezobulungisa kwezentlalo olungelelanisa iiHomes not Bombs ezingenabundlobongela. Usebenze ngokusondeleyo ekujoliswe kuko kwe-Canada kunye ne-US "ukhuseleko lwesizwe" ekubhaleni iminyaka emininzi.

Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: UMatthieu Sontag / Wikimedia Commons. iphepha-mvume CC-BY-SA.