NguDavid Swanson
Isifundo esenziwe ngabaphengululi sifumanise ukuba uluntu lwase-US lukholelwa ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha urhulumente wase-US ecebisa ngemfazwe, sele egqibile ngazo zonke ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka. Xa isampulu yeqela labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na imfazwe ethile, kwaye iqela lesibini labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na loo mfazwe emva kokuxelelwa ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela azilunganga, kwaye iqela lesithathu labuzwa ukuba bayayixhasa na loo mfazwe nangona bekukho ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo, amaqela amabini okuqala abhalise inqanaba elifanayo lenkxaso, ngelixa inkxaso yemfazwe yehla kakhulu kwiqela lesithathu. Oku kukhokelele kubaphandi kwisigqibo sokuba ukuba ezinye iindlela azikhankanywanga, abantu abacingi ukuba zikhona - endaweni yoko, abantu bacinga ukuba sele bezamile.
Ubungqina, ewe, bubanzi bokuba urhulumente wase-US, phakathi kwabanye, uhlala esebenzisa imfazwe njengendawo yokuqala, yesibini, okanye eyesithathu, hayi indawo yokugqibela. ICongress ixakekile ityhola idiploma kunye neIran, ngelixa uJames Sterling esematyaleni eAlexandria ngokubhengeza isikimu seCIA sokufumana izizathu zokulwa neIran. Emva koko-usekela-Mongameli uDick Cheney ukhe wacinga ngendlela yokuba nemikhosi yase-US idubule imikhosi yase-US inxibe njengabantu base Irani. Amaxesha phambi kwenkomfa yeWhite House apho uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush kunye no-Nkulumbuso u-Tony Blair babesithi bazama ukunqanda imfazwe e-Iraq, u-Bush wacebisa u-Blair ukuba bapeyinte iinqwelomoya ezinemibala ye-UN kwaye bazibhabhe bezama ukubadubula. U-Hussein wayezimisele ukuhamba ne- $ 1 yezigidigidi. I-Taliban yayizimisele ukubeka u-bin Laden kwityala kwilizwe lesithathu. UGadaffi akazange asongele ngokubulala, kodwa i-Libya ibonile ngoku. Amabali okuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zamachiza yiSyria, ukuhlaselwa yiRussia ukuya eUkraine, njalo njalo, ethi iphele xa imfazwe isilela ukuqala- ayizizo iinzame zokuphepha imfazwe, ukubamba imfazwe njengendawo yokugqibela. Yile nto u-Eisenhower alumkise ukuba iyakwenzeka, kunye noko wayesele ekubonile kusenzeka, xa umdla omkhulu wezezimali ugcinwe emva kwesidingo seemfazwe ezininzi.
Kodwa zama ukuxelela uluntu lwase-US. I I-Journal of Resolution Resolution usandula ukupapasha inqaku elinesihloko esithi "Imikhuba, iindlela ezizezinye zoonozakuzaku, kunye neNzululwazi yezeNtlalo yeNkxaso yeMfazwe," ebhalwe nguAaron M. Hoffman, uChristopher R. Agnew, uLaura E. VanderDrift, noRobert Kulzick. Ababhali baxoxa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuxhasa uluntu okanye ukuchasa iimfazwe, kubandakanya indawo ephambili ebanjwe ngumbuzo "wempumelelo" - ngoku ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba ibaluleke ngaphezu kokubalwa komzimba (okuthetha ukubalwa komzimba wase-US, ukubalwa komzimba ongaphandle kakhulu akunakuze Ukuza kuqwalaselwa kuso nasiphi na isifundo endisivileyo). “Impumelelo” yinto engaqhelekanga ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkcazo enzima kwaye kuba nangayo nayiphi na inkcazo umkhosi wase-United States awunampumelelo nje ukuba ugqithele ngaphaya kokutshabalalisa izinto ukuya kumzamo wokuhlala, ukulawula, kunye nokuxhaphaza ixesha elide- er , uxolo, ukukhuthaza intando yesininzi.
Uphando lwababhali lufumanisa ukuba naxa “impumelelo” ikholelwa ukuba kungenzeka, nkqu nabantu abaziintloko abambelele kuloo nkolelo bathanda ukukhetha oonozakuzaku (ngaphandle kokuba, bengamalungu e-United States Congress). Inqaku lejenali linika imizekelo yakutshanje ngaphaya kophando olutsha ukuxhasa uluvo lwayo: “Ngo-2002-2003, umzekelo, ama-60 eepesenti abantu baseMelika bakholelwa ekubeni uloyiso lomkhosi wase-US e-Iraq lwalunokwenzeka (i-CNN / Ixesha lokuvota, ngoNovemba 13–14 , 2002). Nangona kunjalo, iipesenti ezingama-63 zoluntu zithe bakhetha isisombululo sezopolitiko kunengxaki yezomkhosi (i-CBS News poll, ngoJanuwari 4-6, 2003). ”
Kodwa ukuba akukho mntu ukhankanya ezinye iindlela ezingenabundlobongela, abantu abanamdla kuzo okanye bazigxothe okanye bazichase. Hayi, ngamanani amakhulu abantu bakholelwa kwelokuba zonke izisombululo zozakuzo sele zizamile. Enjani yona ukuba ntle inyaniso! Ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyiyo into eyothusayo ukuba abaxhasi bemfazwe bahlala besithi bayayilandela imfazwe njengendawo yokugqibela kunye nokulwa imfazwe bengathandabuzi egameni loxolo. Kodwa kuyinkolelo yempambano ukubamba ukuba uhlala kwilizwe lokwenyani apho iSebe likaRhulumente liye laba ngumfundi ongekahlawulwa kwi-Pentagon master. I-diplomacy namanye amazwe, njenge-Iran, enqatshelwe ngamaxesha apho uluntu lwase-US lubonakala ngathi lwalulandelwa kakuhle. Kwaye kuya kuthetha ntoni kwihlabathi ukuba ZONKE izisombululo ezingekho mthethweni zizame? Ngaba umntu akanakuhlala ecinga ngomnye? Okanye uzame okufanayo? Ngaphandle kokuba imeko kaxakeka ezayo njengesongelo esingeyonyani eBanghazi inokumisela umhla obekiweyo, ukungxamela emfazweni akunakulungiswa yiyo nayiphi na into enengqiqo.
Indima ethi abaphandi banike inkolelo yokuba iziko lokuzonwabisa sele lizamile lingadlalwa ngenkolelo yokuba inzululwazi yezopolitiko ayinakwenzeka ngezilo ezingekho mthethweni ezinje ngokulula ________ (gcwalisa urhulumente okanye abahlali belizwe okanye mmandla). Umahluko owenziweyo ngokwazisa umntu ukuba ezinye iindlela zikhoyo ziya kubandakanya ukubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwezilo zibe ngabantu abakwaziyo ukuthetha.
Utshintsho olufanayo lunokudlalwa sisityhilelo esithi, umzekelo, abantu abatyholwa ngokwakha izixhobo zenyukliya abenzi njalo. Ababhali baqaphela ukuba: “Inkxaso ephakathi yokusetyenziswa kwamandla emkhosini wase-US ngokuchasene ne-Iran phakathi konyaka ka-2003 nowama-2012 kubonakala ngathi inovakalelo kulwazi malunga nomgangatho weendlela ezizezinye. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kungazange kuxhaswe ngabantu baseMelika ngexesha likaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush (2001- 2009), kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukwehla okukhulu ekuxhaseni inyathelo lomkhosi ngokuchasene ne-Iran kwenzeka ngo-2007. Ngelo xesha, Ulawulo lukaBush lwabonwa njengelizimisele emfazweni ne-Iran kwaye belandela inyathelo loonozakuzaku ngesiqingatha sentliziyo. Inqaku likaSeymour M. Hersh kwi INew Yorker (2006) ngokunika ingxelo yokuba ulawulo lwalusenza iphulo lokubhomba ngenqwelomoya kwiindawo ezikrokrelekayo e-Iran lincedile ekuqinisekiseni le nto. Ukanti, ukukhutshwa kwe-2007 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), eyathi yagqiba kwelokuba i-Iran yamisa inkqubo yayo yezixhobo zenyukliya kwi-2003 ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamazwe aphesheya, yaqhuba impikiswano yemfazwe. Njengomntu oncedisa kwi-Deputy President Dick Cheney uxelele The Wall Street Journal, ababhali be-NIE 'bayayazi indlela yokukhupha umbhoxo phantsi kwethu'. ”
Kodwa isifundo esifundwayo asikaze sibonakale ngathi urhulumente ufuna imfazwe kwaye uya kuxoka ukuyifumana. “Ngelixa ukuhla koluntu kwimisebenzi yezomkhosi ngokuchasene neIran kwehlile ngexesha lolawulo lukaBush, yanda ngokubanzi ngexesha lekota yokuqala kaMongameli Barack Obama (2009-2012). U-Obama weza e-ofisini ethembele ngakumbi kunalowo wamandulela ngaphambili malunga nokubanako kwezopolitiko ukuze i-Iran iyeke ukulandela izixhobo zenyukliya. [Uyaqaphela ukuba nabaphengululi bathatha nje ukuba oku kuqhubeka bekuqhubeka, ngaphandle kokufakwa kwale NIE ingentla kwinqaku.] U-Obama, umzekelo, wavula umnyango wokuthetha ngqo ne-Iran malunga nenkqubo yenyukliya 'ngaphandle kwemiqathango,' isikhundla UGeorge Bush wale. Nangona kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kozakuzo ngexesha lokuqala lika-Obama kubonakala kunxulunyaniswa nokwamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba inyathelo lomkhosi linokuba lolokugqibela olunokukwazi ukwenza i-Iran itshintshe ikhosi. Ukucacisa owayesakuba ngumlawuli we-CIA uMichael Hayden, inyathelo lomkhosi ngokuchasene ne-Iran lukhetho olunomdla ngakumbi kuba 'nokuba i-US yenze ntoni na ngozakuzo, iTehran iyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili ngenkqubo yayo yenyukliya ekrokrelwayo' (Haaretz, NgoJulayi 25, 2010). ”
Ngoku umntu uqhubeka njani nokuqhubela phambili ngento urhulumente wasemzini aqhubeka nokukrokrela ngokungalunganga okanye enze ngathi uyenza? Ayizange icace loo nto. Inqaku lelokuba ukuba uyabhengeza, Bushlike, ukuba awunasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, abantu baya kuliphikisa inyathelo lakho lemfazwe. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubanga u-Obamalike, ukuba ulandela ubambiswano, ukanti uyaqhubeka, u-Obamalike, ekukhuthazeni ubuxoki malunga noluntu ekujoliswe kulo, abantu baya kuziva ngathi banokuxhasa ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi isazela esicocekileyo.
Isifundo sabachasi bemfazwe kubonakala ngathi yile: khombisa ezinye iindlela. Xela i86 yeembono ezilungileyo onazo malunga nokwenza iISIS. Nyanzela kude ukuba kwenziwe ntoni. Kwaye abanye abantu, nangona beyamkela ngokubanzi imfazwe, bayakubamba ukuvunywa kwabo.
* Enkosi kuPatrick Hiller ngokundazisa ngeli nqaku.
