Qinisekisa iNkundla yamaLungelo eNkundla yamazwe ngamazwe

(Eli candelo le-42 le World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe. Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)

The INkundla yeziLawuli zamazwe ngamazwe (ICC) yinkantolo esigxina, eyenziwe ngumnqophiso, "Imithetho yaseRoma," eyaqala ukusebenza ngomhla we-1 kaJulayi, i-2002 emva kokuqinisekiswa kweentlanga ze-60. Njengoko kwe-2015 umnqophiso usayinwe yii-122 iintlanga ("ii-States Parties"), nangona zingekho yiNdiya neChina. Amathathu aseMerika avakalise ukuba akayi kuba yinxalenye yeSivumelwano-i-Israel, iSudan, ne-United States. Inkundla ikhululekile ukuma kwaye ayiyona inxalenye ye-UN System nangona isebenza ngokubambisana nayo. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko linokudlulisela amacala kwiNkundla, nangona iNkundla ingekho phantsi koxanduva lokuphanda. Igunya layo lingqongqo kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kuluntu, ukulwa nobugebengu bezolwaphulo-mthetho, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho njengoko kuthethwa ngokucacileyo kwisithethe somthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye njengoko kucacisiwe ngokucacileyo kwiNkcazo. Le Nkundla yezokhetho zokugqibela. Njengomgaqo-jikelele, i-ICC inokuthi ingasebenzisi igunya phambi kokuba i-State Party inethuba lokuzama ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokubonisa ukuzimisela ukwenza oko, oko kukuthi, inkundla ye-States Parties kufuneka isebenze. Inkundla "iyahambelana nolawulo lwezobugebengu kazwelonke" (i-Rome Statute, Preamble). Ukuba iNkundla igqiba ukuba inamandla, loo miselo ingaba umngeni kwaye nayiphina uphando lunyunyelwe kude kube ngumngeni kwaye kuya kwenziwa isigqibo. INkundla inokuthi ingasebenzisi igunya phezu kwintsimi yiphina i-State engasayineli kwiSitatimende saseRoma.

I-ICC yenziwe ngamalungu amane: uMongameli, i-Ofisi yoMtshutshisi, iRejista kunye noMgwebi owenziwe ngabagwebi abalishumi elinesibhozo kwiZahlulo ezintathu: Ukuqala, ityala, kunye neziBheno.

INkundla iye yavela phantsi kweengcamango ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, utyholwa ngokungabikho ngokugqithiseleyo ukungabonakali kwamanye amaxhoba e-Afrika ngelixa ezinye iindawo ezingekho phantsi. Njengoko kwe-2012, zonke iimeko ezivulekileyo ezivulekileyo zijolise kwiikhokeli zase-Afrika. IQumrhu elinqununu leBhunga loKhuseleko libonakala lixhomekeke kulolu hlobo. Njengomgaqo, iNkundla kufuneka ikwazi ukubonisa ukungakhethi. Nangona kunjalo, ezimbini izinto zinciphise ukugxeka: i-1) iintlanga ezininzi zaseAfrika zibandakanya umnqophiso kunezinye iintlanga; I-2) inkundla iye yaxoshelwa izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho e-Iraq naseVenezuela (ezingazange zikhokele ekutshutshisweni) kunye nokuphanda okwesibhozo ngoku kuvulekileyo (2014), ezintandathu ziintlanga ezingezizo.

Icandelo lesibini kunye nokuxhatshazwa okuhambisanayo kukuba iNkundla ibonakala ukuba yinto yomsebenzi we-neo-koloniyaliyali njengoko inkxaso kunye nenkxaso yabasebenzi ingalinganiyo kwi-European Union kunye naseNtshona Koloni. Oku kunokuqwalaselwa ngokusasazwa ngemali kunye nokuqeshwa kwabaqeshwa bezinye iintlanga.

Okwesithathu, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba ibha yokufumana iziqinisekiso zabagwebi kufuneka iphakame, idinga ubuchule kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye namava okuqala. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinqweneleka ukuba abagwebi babe ngabona baphezulu kwaye banamava afanelekileyo. Naliphi na izithintelo ezikuloo ndlela yokudibanisa le mfuneko ephezulu yokujongana nayo.

Okwesine, abanye bathi amagunya omshushisi aninzi. Kufuneka kubonakaliswe ukuba oku kusekwe yiNkcazo kwaye kuya kufuneka iguqule ukuba iguqulwe. Ngokukodwa, abanye baye baphikisana ukuba uMtshutshisi akafanele abe nelungelo lokumangalela abantu abangabhalwanga iintlanga; Nangona kunjalo, oku kubonakala kungabikho ukungaqondakali njengoko i-Statute imisela ukunyanzelwa kwamatyikitya okanye ezinye iintlanga ezivumelwene ne-nyathelo-mali nangona zingabhalisi.

Okwesibini, akukho sibheno kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Qaphela ukuba igumbi langaphambi kwetyala leNkundla kufuneka livumelane, ngokusekelwe kububungqina, ukuba inkundla yonyunyiso ingenziwa, kwaye ummangalelwa angakhenela iziphumo zayo kwiCandelo leeBheno. Icala elinjalo lagcinwa ngempumelelo ngomsolwa kwi-2014 kwaye ityala liye lahla. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba kukufanele ukuqwalasela ukudala inkundla yesikhalazo ngaphandle kwe-ICC.

Eyesithandathu, kukho izikhalazo ezisemthethweni malunga nokungabikho kokukhanya. Iiseshoni ezininzi zeenkundla kunye neenkqubo zenziwa ngasese. Nangona kunokubakho izizathu ezivumelekileyo zezi zinto (ukukhuselwa kwamangqina, phakathi kwezinye), i-degree ephezulu yokubonakaliswa kwemfihlo kuyadingeka kwaye iNkundla kufuneka ihlolisise iinkqubo zayo malunga noku.

Ngesixhenxe, abanye abagxeki baye bathi iingqinisiso zeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo azikho kwizinga eliphezulu lokusebenza. Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka lilungiswe.

Okwesibhozo, abanye baye baxela ukuba iNkundla iphumelele kakhulu imali yemali ebeyichithele, ifumene isigwebo esisodwa ukuya kutsho. Oku, nangona kunjalo ingxabano yenhlonipho yeNkundla kwinkqubo kunye nemvelo yayo yendalo. Kuye kwacaca kungekho ukuzingela kobugqirha kuwo wonke umntu onobubi emhlabeni kodwa ubonise ukuzithiba okumangalisayo. Kwakhona bubungqina bokuba kunzima ukuzisa ezo ntshutshiso, ukuhlanganisa ubungqina ngamanye amaxesha emva kwezinto zokubulala kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi, ngokukodwa kwimimandla enkcubeko.

Ekugqibeleni, ukugxekwa okugqithisiweyo okubhekiselele kwiNkundla kukukho nje njengesikhungo selizwe. Abanye abayithandiyo okanye abayifunayo oko kukuthi, umda wokunciphisa ulawulo lukaRhulumente. Kodwa kunjalo, yonke imvumelwano, kwaye bonke, kuquka i-Statute yaseRoma, ingene ngokuzithandela nangokulungileyo. Ukuphela kwemfazwe ayikwazi ukufezwa yizizwe ezizimeleyo. Ingxelo yeemillenniya ayibonakali nto kodwa ingaphumeleli kulo mbandela. Amaziko omgwebo angamazwe ayingxenye ebalulekileyo yeNkqubo yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lweSizwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo iNkundla kufuneka ixhomekeke kwimimiselo efanayo eya kukhuthaza bonke uluntu jikelele, oko kukuthi, ukubala, ukuphendula uxanduva, inkqubo yokukhawuleza kunye nefanelekileyo, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Ukusekwa kweNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeziLwaphulo.

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba i-ICC yinkampani entsha ye-brand, i-iteration yokuqala yemigudu yoluntu jikelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izigebengu ezigqithisileyo zehlabathi azikhupheli mthetho. Nangona iZizwe eziManyeneyo, okuyi-iteration yesibili yokukhuseleko lokuqokelela, isasaqhubeka kwaye isasafuna ukuguqulwa okukhulu.

Inhlangano yoluntu, I-Coalition yeNkundla yezoPhulo-mthetho yamazwe ngamazwe, iququzelelwe yimibutho yoluntu yase-2,500 kumazwe akwa-150 ekhuthaza i-ICC enobulungisa, esebenzayo, neyazimeleyo kunye nokufikeleleka kokufikelela kubulungisa kumaxhoba omhlaba, ubugebengu bezophulo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kuluntu.^note44

(Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)

Sifuna ukuva kuwe! (Nceda wabelane ngeengxelo ezingezantsi)

Oku kukhokelela njani nina ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo malunga neendlela zokulwa nemfazwe?

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amaNqaku:
44. http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/undpa/main/enewsletter/pid/24129 (buyela kwinqaku eliphambili)