Ukusasazwa kunye nokuXhaswa koPhando lwezeMpilo noPhando loPhuhliso

(Eli candelo le-59 le World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe. Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)

Kwiminyaka yee-milenia sazifundisa ngemfazwe, sigxile ezingqondweni zethu kwindlela yokuphumelela. Njengokuba ababhali-mbali-imbali bezingqina bebethe into ayikho kwimbali yabamnyama okanye imbali yabasetyhini, ke nabo baxabana ukuba kwakungekho nto ithi ngembali yoxolo. Ubuntu behlulekile ukugxila kuxolo kude kufike amasimi amatsha okuphanda ngoxolo kunye nemfundo yoxolo yaqala emva kwentlekele eyayikho ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwaye yakhawuleza kwii-1980s emva kokuba umhlaba wasondela ekutshatyalalisweni kwenyukliya. Kule minyaka ukusukela, kuye kwakho ulwando olukhulu kulwazi malunga neemeko zoxolo. Amaziko afana nala IZiko loPhando loXolo (PRIO), umbutho ozimeleyo, owenziwa kwilizwe lonke ozinze e-Oslo, eNorway, wenza uphando ngemibandela yoxolo phakathi kwamazwe, amaqela nabantu.^note8 I-PRIO ichonga iindlela ezintsha zongquzulwano lwehlabathi kunye neempendulo kumlo oxhobileyo ukuze baqonde ukuba abantu bachukunyiswa njani kwaye bajamelana nazo kwaye bafunda iziseko zoxolo, bafuna iimpendulo kwimibuzo efana nokuba kutheni kusenzeka iimfazwe, zilondolozwa njani, kuthatha ntoni ukwakha uxolo oluzinzileyo. Baye bapapasha Umbhalo woPhando loPhando iminyaka eyi-50.

Ngokukwanjalo, I-SIPRI, iZiko loPhando ngoXolo lweHlabathi laseSweden, ubandakanyeka kuphando olupheleleyo kunye nokupapashwa kwembambano kunye noxolo kwihlabathi liphela. Iwebhusayithi yabo ifundeka ngolu hlobo:^note9

I-SIPRI ipapasha iziseko zedatha ezininzi kwaye ivelise amakhulukhulu eencwadi, amanqaku, amashiti okwenyani, kunye neengcaciso zemigaqo-nkqubo ukusukela kwi1969.

The I-United States Institute of Peace yasekwa yiCongress e1984 njengeziko elizimeleyo nelifumana inkxaso-mali kwiziko lesizwe elizinikele ekuthinteleni okungavisisaniyo nokuthomalalisa kwengxabano ebulalayo phesheya.^note10 Ixhasa imicimbi, inikezela ngemfundo noqeqesho kunye nokupapasha kubandakanya a Isixhobo sePoolemaker. Ngelishwa, i-US Institute of Peace ayizange yaziwa ngokuchasa iimfazwe zase-US. Kodwa onke la maziko ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo kwicala lokusasaza ukuqonda kwezinye iindlela zoxolo.

Ukongeza kule mibutho kuphando ngoxolo namanye amaziko amaninzi afana nala Umbutho woPhando loXolo lweHlabathi^note11 okanye iiyunivesithi zixhasa uphando kwaye zipapashe iijenali ezinje nge Iziko leKroc kwiNotre Dame, et alia. Umzekelo,

Le mibutho yinkampu encinane yamaziko kunye nabantu abasebenza ngokuphanda uxolo. Siye safunda enkulu malunga nendlela yokwakha nokugcina uxolo kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlulileyo. Siphezu kwimbali yabantu apho singathetha ngokuzithemba ukuba sazi iindlela ezingcono kunye neendlela eziphambili zokulwa nezobudlova. Ininzi yomsebenzi wabo inikezele ukuphuhliswa nokukhula kwemfundo yoxolo.

IMfundo yoXolo ngoku yamkela onke amanqanaba emfundo ngokusesikweni ukusuka kubantwana abancinci kwizifundo zobugqirha. Amakhulu eekholeji zeekholeji ezibonelela ngee-majors, abantwana kunye neenkqubo zesatifikethi kwimfundo yoxolo. Kwinqanaba leyunivesithi Uxolo noJustice Studies Association iqokelela abaphandi, ootitshala kunye nabasebenzi bemigudu yokuthula kwiinkomfa kunye nokupapasha i-journalist, Peace Chronicle, kwaye inikezela isiseko sobutyebi. Iikharityhulam kunye nezifundo ziye zanda kwaye zifundiswa njengemfundo ekhethekileyo kumanqanaba onke. Ukongeza i-intsimi entsha yenkcazo iye yaphuhliswa kuquka amakhulu amabhuku, amanqaku, iividiyo kunye namafilimu ngokuphathelele uxolo olukhoyo jikelele kuluntu.

(Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)

Sifuna ukuva kuwe! (Nceda wabelane ngeengxelo ezingezantsi)

Oku kukhokelela njani nina ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo malunga neendlela zokulwa nemfazwe?

Yintoni ongayongeza, okanye utshintshe okanye umbuzo malunga nalo?

Yintoni ongayenza ukuze uncede abantu abaninzi baqonde malunga nale ndlela yokulwa nemfazwe?

Ungathatha njani inyathelo ukwenza le nto ibe yimfazwe inyaniso?

Nceda wabelane ngokubanzi kweli nqaku!

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khangela Itafile epheleleyo ephakathi Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe

amaNqaku:
8. http://www.prio.org/ (buyela kwinqaku eliphambili)
9. http://www.sipri.org/ (buyela kwinqaku eliphambili)
10. http://www.usip.org/ (buyela kwinqaku eliphambili)
11. Ukongeza kuMbutho woPhando ngoXolo weHlabathi, kukho imibutho emihlanu yophando yoxolo: Umbutho woPhando ngoXolo nge-Afrika, umbutho woPhando ngoxolo wase-Pacific, umbutho woPhando ngoxolo wase-Latin America, umbutho woPhando ngoxolo waseYurophu, kunye nombutho wamazwe aphakathi koxolo . (buyela kwinqaku eliphambili)