nguGareth Porter, ngoMatshi 16, 2018
ukusuka TruthDig
Ukubhengezwa kwemithombo yeendaba kunye neempendulo zezopolitiko kwisibhengezo sikaDonald Trump sentlanganiso yengqungquthela kunye nenkokeli yaseNyakatho Korea uKim Jong Un zisekwe kwingcinga yokuba ayinakuphumelela, kuba uKim uya kuyikhaba ingcamango yedenuclearization. Kodwa ingxelo epheleleyo kaMongameli waseMzantsi Korea u-Moon Jae-in umcebisi wezokhuseleko kuzwelonke kwintlanganiso noKim kwiveki ephelileyo-igutyungelwe yi-arhente yeendaba yaseMzantsi Korea yaseYonhap kodwa engabandakanywanga kwimithombo yeendaba yase-US-iyenza icace into yokuba uKim uya kubonisa iTumpump ngesicwangciso se-denuclearization epheleleyo edityaniswe nokulungelelaniswa kobudlelwane phakathi kwe-US kunye neNorth Korea, okanye i-Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).
Ingxelo kaChung Eui-yong kwisidlo sangokuhlwa esibanjwe nguKim Jong Un kubathunywa be-10 baseSouth Korea ngo-Matshi 5 yathi inkokeli yaseNyakatho Korea yaqinisekisa "ukuzibophelela kwayo kwi-denuclearization ye-Peninsula yaseKorea" kwaye "uya kuba". akukho sizathu sokuba nezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba ukhuseleko lolawulo [lwakhe] luqinisekisiwe kwaye zisuswe izisongelo zomkhosi nxamnye noMntla Korea.” UChung uxele ukuba uKim uvakalise ukukulungela kwakhe ukuxoxa "iindlela zokufumana idenuclearization ye-peninsula kunye nokulungelelanisa ubudlelwane bamazwe amabini [US-DPRK]."
Kodwa kwinto enokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni ingxelo, uChung wongezelela, "Eyona nto simele sinikele ingqalelo kuyo kukuba [uKim Jong Un] uye wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba i-denuclearization ye-Peninsula yaseKorea yayingumyalelo womanduleli wakhe. ukuba akuzange kubekho nguqu kumyalelo onjalo.”
Ingxelo yomcebisi welizwe laseMzantsi Korea iphikisana ngokuthe ngqo nenkolelo egcinwe ngokuqinileyo phakathi kwe-US yelizwe lokhuseleko kunye nezopolitiko eziphezulu ukuba uKim Jong Un akasoze ayeke izixhobo zenyukliya ze-DPRK. Njengoko uColin Kahl, owayesakuba ligosa lePentagon kunye nomcebisi kaBarack Obama, wathi ephendula isibhengezo sengqungquthela, "Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba uya kwamkela idenuclearization ngokupheleleyo okwangoku."
Kodwa ukugxothwa kukaKahl malunga naso nasiphi na isivumelwano kwingqungquthela kuthatha, ngaphandle kokuthetha njalo, ukuqhubeka kokwala okuqinileyo kweBush kunye no-Obama ulawulo lwe-United States ukubonelela nayiphi na inkuthazo kwiNorth Korea ngendlela yesivumelwano esitsha soxolo kunye. INorth Korea kunye nokuqheleka ngokupheleleyo kobudlelwane bozakuzo kunye noqoqosho.
Loo pateni yomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US lelinye icala lebali elingekaziwa lezopolitiko kumcimbi waseNorth Korea. Elinye icala lebali yinzame yaseNyakatho Korea yokusebenzisa izixhobo zayo zenyukliya kunye nemijukujelwa njengee-bargaining chips zenza i-United States ibethe isivumelwano esiya kutshintsha isimo se-US sobutshaba ngakuMntla Korea.
Imvelaphi yeMfazwe ebandayo yalo mba kukuba i-DPRK yafuna ukuba umkhosi wase-United States eSouth Korea umise ukuzilolonga kwawo minyaka le “koMoya weQela” nemikhosi yaseMzantsi Korea, eyaqala ngo-1976 kwaye ibandakanya iinqwelomoya zase-US ezinezixhobo zenyukliya. Abantu baseMelika babesazi ukuba ezo mithambo ziboyikisa abantu baseNyakatho Korea kuba, njengoko uLeon V. Sigal ekhumbula kwiakhawunti yakhe egunyazisiweyo yeengxoxo zenyukliya zase-US-North Korea, "Ukuhlutha izixhobo zabantu abangabaziyo,” iUnited States yenze izisongelo zenyukliya ezicacileyo ngokuchasene ne-DPRK izihlandlo ezisixhenxe.
Kodwa ukuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo ngowe-1991 kwazisa imeko esongela ngakumbi. Xa iSoviet Union yawa, yaza iRashiya yahlukana namazwe awayesakuba ngamahlakani eSoviet bloc, uMntla Korea ngequbuliso wafumana ubunzima obulingana neSoviet Union. Iipesenti ezingama-40 zokunciphisa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye isiseko sayo semizi-mveliso sifakiwe. Uqoqosho olungqongqo olulawulwa ngurhulumente lwaphoswa kwisiphithiphithi.
Ngeli xesha, ukulingana okungathandekiyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezomkhosi kunye noMzantsi Korea bekuqhubekile ukukhula kumashumi amabini eminyaka okugqibela eMfazwe Yomlomo. Ngelixa i-GDP yomntu ngamnye kwezi Korea zimbini yayiphantse yafana ukuya kuthi ga phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1970s, zaye zahlukana ngokumangalisayo ngo-1990, xa i-GDP yomntu ngamnye eMzantsi, eyayinabemi abaphindwe kabini kunabemi baseMantla, ngokuphindwe kane kunaleyo yaseNyakatho Korea.
Ngaphaya koko, uMntla awukwazanga ukutyala imali ekutshintsheni itekhnoloji yezomkhosi, ngoko ke kwafuneka yenze neitanki zakudala, iinkqubo zokhuselo lomoya kunye neenqwelomoya ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960, ngelixa uMzantsi Korea uqhubekile ukufumana itekhnoloji yamva nje evela eUnited States. Kwaye emva kwentlekele enkulu yezoqoqosho ibambe iNyakatho, inxalenye enkulu yemikhosi yayo yomhlaba kwafuneka ibe itshintshelwe kwimisebenzi yemveliso yezoqoqosho, kubandakanywa ukuvuna, ukwakhiwa kunye nokumbiwa kwemigodi. Ezo nyani zayenza yacaca ngakumbi kubahlalutyi bezomkhosi ukuba uMkhosi Wabantu baseKorea (KPA) awusenawo amandla okwenza utyando eMzantsi Korea ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbalwa.
Okokugqibela, ulawulo lukaKim ngoku lwazifumana lukwimeko engathandekiyo yokuxhomekeka kakhulu eTshayina kuncedo lwezoqoqosho kunangaphambili. Ejongene nolu manyano lunamandla lophuhliso olusongelayo, umseki we-DPRK uKim Il-Sung waqalisa kwangoko emva kweMfazwe ebandayo kwisicwangciso esitsha sokhuseleko: ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zenyukliya kunye nemijukujelwa yaseNyakatho Korea ukutsalela iUnited States kwisivumelwano esibanzi esiya kuseka isivumelwano. ubudlelwane bezozakuzo eziqhelekileyo. Inyathelo lokuqala kulo mdlalo weqhinga elide lafika ngoJanuwari ka-1992, xa uNobhala weQela labasebenzi baseKorea uKim Young Sun watyhila indlela entsha eyothusayo ye-DPRK ukuya eUnited States kwiintlanganiso kunye no-Undersecretary of State u-Arnold Kanter eNew York. ULanga uxelele uKanter ukuba uKim Il Sung ufuna ukuseka ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano kunye neWashington kwaye yayilungiselelwe ukwamkela ubukho bexesha elide lomkhosi wase-US kwiPeninsula yaseKorea njengothango oluchasene nempembelelo yaseTshayina okanye yaseRashiya.
Ngo-1994, i-DPRK yathethathethana ngesakhelo ekuvunyelwene ngaso kunye nolawulo lukaClinton, izibophelela ekuchithweni kwe-reactor yayo ye-plutonium ngembuyekezo yezixhobo ezibonisa ukwanda kokukhanya kwamanzi kunye nokuzinikela kwe-US ukulungisa ubudlelwane bezopolitiko noqoqosho kunye nePyongyang. Kodwa akukho nanye kwezo zibophelelo eza kuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amajelo eendaba ase-US kunye neCongress ubukhulu becala babenobutshaba kurhwebo oluphakathi kwisivumelwano. Xa imeko yezentlalo nezoqoqosho yaseNyakatho Korea iye yawohloka ngakumbi kwisiqingatha sesibini seminyaka yee-1990 emva kokubethwa zizikhukula nendlala, iCIA. iingxelo ezikhutshiweyoecebisa ukudilika okusemnyango korhulumente. Ke amagosa olawulo lukaClinton akholelwa ukuba akukho mfuneko yakuya kulungelelaniso lobudlelwane.
Noko ke, emva kokufa kukaKim Il Sung phakathi kowe-1994, unyana wakhe uKim Jong Il watyhalela phambili iqhinga likayise ngamandla. Wenza uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-DPRK olude lwe-missile ngo-1998 ukuze luqhube ulawulo lukaClinton kwisenzo sozakuzo kwisivumelwano sokulandelela kwisakhelo esivunyelweneyo. Kodwa emva koko wenza uthotho lweentshukumo ezimangalisayo zezozakuzo, eqala ngothethwano lokumiswa kovavanyo lomjukujelwa olude kunye ne-US ngo-1998 kunye nokuqhubeka nokuthunyelwa komthunywa wakhe, uMarshall Jo Myong Rok, eWashington ukudibana noBill Clinton. ngokwakhe ngo-Oktobha 2000.
U-Jo ufike ezimisele ukuncama inkqubo ye-ICBM ye-DPRK kunye nezixhobo zayo zenyukliya njengenxalenye yesivumelwano esikhulu ne-United States. Kwintlanganiso ye-White House, uJo wanika uClinton ileta evela kuKim emema ukuba atyelele ePyongyang. Emva koko yena uxelele uClinton, "Ukuba uza ePyongyang, uKim Jong Il uya kuqinisekisa ukuba uya kukwanelisa zonke iinkxalabo zakho zokhuseleko."
UClinton ngokukhawuleza wathumela igqiza elikhokelwa nguNobhala weLizwe uMadeleine Albright ePyongyang, apho uKim Jong Il wanikezela ngeempendulo ezineenkcukacha kwimibuzo yase-US ngesivumelwano somjukujelwa. Naye uxelele uAlbright ukuba i-DPRK yayitshintshile imbono yayo malunga nobukho bemikhosi yase-US eMzantsi Korea, kwaye ngoku ikholelwa ukuba i-US idlale indima "yokuzinza" kwi-peninsula. Ucebise ukuba abanye kumkhosi waseNyakatho Korea bavakalise inkcaso kulo mbono, kwaye oko kuya kusonjululwa kuphela ukuba i-US kunye ne-DPRK zilungelelanise ubudlelwane babo.
Nangona uClinton wayekulungele ukuya ePyongyang ukuze asayine isivumelwano, khange aye, kwaye ulawulo lukaBush lwaphinda lwatshintsha amanyathelo okuqala okuya kwisivumelwano sozakuzo kunye neNorth Korea eyaqalwa nguClinton. Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, iNorth Korea yaqala ukuqokelela izixhobo zenyukliya kwaye yenza inkqubela enkulu ekuphuhliseni i-ICBM yayo.
Kodwa xa owayesakuba nguMongameli uClinton wayetyelele ePyongyang ngo-2009 ukuze afumane ukukhululwa kweentatheli ezimbini zaseMelika, uKim Jong Il wayigxininisa ingongoma yokuba izinto zazinokwahluka. Imemo kwintlanganiso phakathi kukaClinton noKim eyayiphakathi kwee-imeyile zikaClinton epapashwe yi WikiLeaks ngo-Okthobha 2016, wacaphula uKim Jong Il esithi, "[Mna] ukuba i-Democrats yayiphumelele ngo-2000 imeko yobudlelwane bamazwe amabini ngengazange ifikelele kwinqanaba elinjalo. Kunoko, zonke izivumelwano zaziza kuphunyezwa, i-DPRK yayiza kuba ne-reactors yamanzi elula, kwaye i-United States yayiza kuba nomhlobo omtsha kuMntla-mpuma we-Asia kwihlabathi elinzima.
Izikhulu zezopolitiko nezokhuseleko zase-US kudala zamkela umbono wokuba iWashington inokhetho ezimbini kuphela: nokuba yamkelwe iNorth Korea enezixhobo zenyukliya okanye "uxinzelelo olukhulu" emngciphekweni wemfazwe. Kodwa njengoko abantu baseMzantsi Korea ngoku bekwazile ukuqinisekisa, loo mbono ayilunganga. UKim Jong Un usazibophelele kumbono wokuqala wesivumelwano kunye namaMerika ngenxa yedenuclearization uyise aye wazama ukuyiqonda ngaphambi kokufa kwi-2011. Umbuzo wangempela kukuba ngaba ulawulo lweTrump kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko ebanzi yase-US iyakwazi ukuthatha inzuzo. lelo thuba.
