NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Februwari 4, 2022
U-Smedley Butler ushiywe ngokubanzi kwimbali yase-US. Ukuba uzisa umfana othintele ubhukuqo-mbuso lwaseWall Street ngokuchasene ne-FDR, wenza umonakalo wokwenyani ibali Intlonipho yoxolo kurhulumente ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha ukuya kutsho nge-6 kaJanuwari 2021. Ukuba ukhankanya ihlazo elavela xa wayebalisa indlela uMussolini awagibela ngayo intombazana encinane ngemoto yakhe, kunzima ukushiya ubudlelwane bobuhlobo bukarhulumente wase-US kunye Mussolini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba nguCornelius Vanderbilt IV, owayesemotweni kunye no-Mussolini kwaye wayexelele umhlobo wakhe uSmedley Butler malunga nalo, owathi kamva wachaza kwi-autobiography yakhe iqhinga lesibini le-Wall Street lokuba wayebonise u-Eleanor Roosevelt kwaye ngaloo ndlela. umyeni wakhe, kwaye wamisa ngempumelelo. Ngesizathu esithile asize sibhiyozele uVanderbilt njengomsindisi worhulumente wase-US ngendlela abo bethu beva ngaye benza uSmedley Butler, nangona uVanderbilt wajikela ngokuchasene ne-oligarchs njengoko uButler wajikela ngokuchasene nabashushu.
Ukuba uchaza eyona nto idumileyo yokubhala kaButler (“Imfazwe yiRacket"), Phantse kufuneka ucaphule kancinane kuyo - kwaye ke inani elifanelekileyo labantu linokuthi libambeke ekufundeni esinye sezona zigxeko zibukhali zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US owakhe wabhalwa okanye wathethwa. (Kwaye ke incwadi yakho yembali iya kuvalwa ngokukhawuleza.) Nantsi intwana, ukuba ndinyanisile:
“IMFAZWE lilize. Kwahlala kunjalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yeyona indala, ngokulula eyona nto inengeniso eninzi, ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona ikhohlakeleyo. Yiyo yodwa kwimiba yezizwe ngezizwe. Yiyo kuphela apho ingeniso ibalwa ngeedola kunye nelahleko ebomini. "
Iqhekeza lonke alide. Hamba ufunde zonke. Ndiza kulinda.
Kwakhona, nazi Iincwadi kuninzi lwazo ndicaphula uButler kwaye ndingathanda ukuvalwa ngokubalaseleyo kangangoko. Ndiyacela?
Eyona nto ingathandekiyo ngoSmedley wakudala, nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa, yiminyaka ayichithayo ukugxeka ukwakhiwa okucothayo kunye nokuzinza malunga neMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ugqatso lwezixhobo kunye nokuxhokonxa kweJapan, ipropaganda echasene neJapan eqhutywa yimidla yase-US yezemali eTshayina, inkxaso yamaNazi kunye namaFasi eYurophu. Kutheni, wafuna ukwazi, ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1940, ngaba uMkhosi Waselwandle waseUnited States awuzange ulwenze uqheliselo lwawo lwemfazwe kufutshane neKhalifoniya endaweni yokuba ube kufutshane neJapan? Namhlanje, ukwazi nje ukuba ubuze loo nto inokwenza umntu ajonge impiliso ye-NATO e-Ukraine ngokwahlukileyo.
Kodwa uSmedley akashiywanga ngaphandle kwimbali yomlweli woxolo. Ukuba ukhe wenza intshukumo yoxolo e-United States, usenokuba wazi konke ngoSmedley Butler, okanye ucinga ukuba uyayenza. Ndandicinga ukuba ndiyenzile. Njengelungu lebhodi yabacebisi yeVeterans For Peace, isahluko esinye esibizwa ngokuba nguSmedley, kwaye efunde iiakhawunti ezininzi zezinto ezenziwa nguSmedley kubandakanya noDavid Talbot. Inja kaMtyholi, emva kokubona abadlali be-reenactor benxiba njengo-Smedley kwaye bacengceleze amagama akhe adumileyo, bemba iintetho zakudala zikaSmedley ezifana eyona wanikela apha eCharlottesville, ndaqonda ukuba ndiyazi kancinci ngalo mfo.
Bendijonge uSmedley ngokwahlukileyo kancinci emva kokufunda incwadi entsha kaJonathan Katz, Imigulukudu yobuKhapitali. Kodwa uButler wathi:
“Ndachitha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithathu neenyanga ezine ndikwinkonzo yasemkhosini ekhutheleyo njengelungu lomkhosi waselwandle okhawulezayo weli lizwe, iMarine Corps. Ndisebenze kuzo zonke izintlu zothumo ukusuka kwiSecond Lieutenant ukuya kuMajor-General. Kwaye ngelo xesha, ndachitha ixesha lam elininzi ndiyindoda yodidi oluphezulu kuShishino oluKhulu, eWall Street kunye nakwiBhanki. Ngamafutshane, ndandilibhetyebhetye, ndingumgulukudu wobukapitali.”
Into yile, uSmedley wayethetha ngayo. Uchithe amashumi eminyaka ejikeleza ihlabathi kurhulumente wase-US, ebhukuqa iidemokhrasi, exhasa oozwilakhe, ebulala kwaye ekhobokisa abantu basekhaya. Ukuba bekukho imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaSmedley kwizikwere zethu zedolophu, bebenokuthotywa ngenxa yobuhlanga. Ukuba sikhe saqala ukudiliza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yokubulala abantu abaninzi ngokungenangqiqo, banokudilizwa ngenxa yoko.
U-Smedley Butler ubanga ukuba irakethi yemfazwe yazuzisa izityebi ngelixa isohlwaya ngokuyintloko amajoni ase-US. Kwaye waphila kanye ngelo xesha apho iimfazwe ezinkulu zasuka ekubulaleni ikakhulu amajoni ukuya ekubulaleni abantu abaninzi. Kodwa iimfazwe zikaSmedley zoMbindi waseMelika, iCaribbean, kunye nobukumkani baseAsia zabulala ikakhulu abahlali ababengenaxabiso beendawo ababeqhutyelwe kuzo, kwaye-kulapho incwadi entsha kaKatz ixabiseke khona - yenza umonakalo omkhulu kubo bonke abantu abanokuhlala inkulungwane okanye ngaphezulu. .
Iimpempe zininzi ezingaqhelekanga. Sicinga ngo-Smedley njengomntu omsulwa kwi-Business Plot coup kwaye wavuthela impempe kwabanye abantu. Kwaye ke sicinga ngaye njengovuthela impempe kwi-Marine Corps kunye nomkhosi wase-US. Kodwa ngaba siyama kwaye siqonde ukuba ububi bomkhosi awabugxekayo wayengeyonxalenye nje kuphela kodwa wayesoloko ephethe - okanye ubuncinci ephakame kakhulu kuluhlu? Ngaba siyayeka ukuqaphela ukuba ivolontiya-ngomdla, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo?
Siyazingca ngokuba i-Smedley yayiyeyona ihonjiswe kakhulu yase-US Marine, kuba ipholile kangakanani loo nto yokuba igqala le-antiwar libe neembasa ezininzi kuneehagu zemfazwe ezonakeleyo? Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze afumane ezo mbasa? Kwakutheni ukuze abe neeMbasa ezimbini zeMbeko? Enye yayiyeyokuhlasela abemi baseVeracruz, eMexico, ngesenzo esimanyumnyezi kangangokuba kuye kwanikelwa inani elirekhodiweyo leembasa ukuze kubonakale kuzukile abemi balapho aboyisileyo, kuquka amabhinqa namakhwenkwe angaqeqeshwanga alwela ukuhlasela kwamanye amazwe. Enye yaba ukugxotha abantu baseHaiti ngenjongo yokuzimela kunye netyala lokufuna-inkululeko-ngelixa-emnyama ukuya kwinqaba yokugqibela enokwenzeka encotsheni yentaba enokwenzeka yokugqibela kwaye emva koko ibabulale.
Ewe, uSmedley uye wayigatya imiyalelo evela kubaphathi ukuze ajonge isikhundla sakhe kunye nemikhosi yefayile. Ewe, uSmedley uxhase uMkhosi weBhonasi wamagqala angathathi ntweni amisa iintente eWashington DC apho bahlaselwa nguMacArthur kunye no-Eisenhower (emva kokuba uSmedley emkile). Ewe, uSmedley wayenesibindi esingaphaya kwayo yonke imilinganiselo (nokuba wayejonge phantsi abantu baseNicaragua ngeenyawo engaxhobanga phambi kwaloo loliwe kwintsomi ethi uTalbot umenze intsomi kodwa uKatz ushiya ngaphandle). Ewe, uSmedley wayengumQuaker (ndicinga ukuba kuya kufuneka uthi ukungaziqheli) uMntla onocalucalulo oluncinci kunabantu abaninzi baseMzantsi. Ewe, ngokuthe ngcembe wadinwa yimfazwe kwaye wazama ukuthintela iingxabano ezingenamsebenzi ngexesha lakhe lokugqibela e-China. Kodwa umsebenzi kaSmedley waba nokutsiba kunye nokomelela okuthe gqolo kwinto yokuba utata wakhe wayekwiNkongolo kwiKomiti yeNdlu yeMicimbi yezaManzi. Kwaye uSmedley udume ngokuvuma ubugwenxa, ukoyikeka okungaphaya kwayo nayiphi na indlela yokuzikhusela. Kwaye uSmedley wayecotha njengaye nawuphi na umpempe ukuba avuke kwinto awayezibandakanya kuyo. Ukuba ubukele i Snowden bhanyabhanya kunye nokukhala kwiscreen malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba aphume kuyo, qaphela nje ukuba yintoni umfana osemtsha ekugqibeleni. Umsebenzi omde kaDan Ellsberg njengetshantliziyo loxolo waqala emva kokubetha impempe.
Ukubhala Imigulukudu yobuKhapitali, uKatz wahamba ihlabathi ukuya kwiindawo apho uSmedley wayekhona. Wafumanisa ukuba abantu baseHaiti bamkhumbula njengengqwabalala yelizwe lasemzini eyayinyanzele amadoda ukuba asebenze ezindleleni engahlawulwa kuba wayeza kufa. Ufumene abantu kwihlabathi liphela abaneemyuziyam kunye nembonakaliso yomsindo owenziwe ngabantu base-United States, abanayo inkumbulo encinci - into engaqondakaliyo kwamanye amaxhoba e-imperialism yase-US.
U-Smedley Butler waqala ngokungcatshwa kweCuba, elandelwa kukubulawa ngenkohlakalo kunye nokuthuthunjiswa kwiiPhilippines, engafuni ubukhosi base-US okanye ulahlekiso lobudoda obunobubele obunjengobudoda bokuthatha inxaxheba kubundlobongela nokuba nenjongo yayo. Amaxhoba akhe alandelayo yayingamaTshayina. UKatz ucaphula injengele yaseUnited States eqikelela ukuba abemi bamaTshayina ababuleweyo babemalunga nama-50 ukuya ko-1. Malunga namaTshayina ali-100,000 XNUMX abulawa. U-Katz ufumana abantu bakwiiPhilippines basenomsindo, kwaye abantu baseTshayina bazimisele ukuhlehlisa kwakudala kodwa bengalityalwanga ukuthotywa - ukuthotywa hayi kubo kodwa kwesizwe sabo. UButler, kwiminyaka kamva, wazisola ngokuphanga iBeijing. Andazi ukuba uzisola ngokubulala abantu apho - kodwa kubonakala ngathi ngokubanzi kwaye kwezinye iimeko ngokukodwa ekugqibeleni wazisola ngokubulala, nokuba wayezisola kakhulu ngokufa kwe-US Marines.
U-Butler wancedisa ekubiweni komhlaba kunye nokwakha iPanama Canal nokuzisa inkqubo yocalucalulo yobuhlanga e-US kwindawo yocalucalulo, apho abahlali bagxothwa khona ngenkani, uninzi lwabasebenzi abamnyama babehlala befela emsebenzini, kwaye iiMarines zasebenza njengezigebenga zabaphathi. Wanceda ekupheliseni ukuzilawula eNicaragua, ekhuthaza ukuxhathisa kuka-Augusto Sandino owayeza kukhuthaza amaSandinistas. Wenza amasikizi akhe eMexico naseHaiti. Walawula ngokufanelekileyo iHaiti, ephuhlisa "i-counter-inurgency" izenzo ngaphambi kokuba zibizwe njalo. Esikhundleni sokuzisa inkululeko yonqulo-okanye nantoni na iQuaker-eHaiti, uButler wahamba emva kwenkolo yeVodou, ebamba ababingeleli kunye neendawo ezitshisayo. UButler wancedisa ekumiseleni ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaTrujillo kwiDominican Republic. Wathatha ipalamente yaseHaiti ephethe imipu kwaye wagrogrisa ngokubulala uninzi lwabo, ngelixa i-US yayidume ngokutsibela kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala ukugcina umhlaba ukhuselekile "kwidemokhrasi." Inoveli yaseHaiti iphetha ngokubulawa okucothayo nokubuhlungu komlinganiswa waseButler ogama lingu "Smedley Seaton."
UButler waphuhlisa amapolisa asemkhosini, maxa wambi aziwa ngokuba ngamaqela okubulala, kuMbindi Merika. Uncedise emkhosini wamasebe amapolisa aseMelika, eqhuba ngokwakhe amapolisa asePhiladelphia, ngelo xesha wayeqeqesha, phakathi kwabanye, umphathi wamapolisa ngocalucalulo kunye nosodolophu uFrank Rizzo. Ngaphambi kokuba u-Butler ahambe emva kwe-kingpins-yaphula umthetho kwaye wazigxotha, imfazwe yakhe yotywala yayijolise ngokungafaniyo kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika. Kwaye wayiyalela imikhosi yakhe ukuba ibulale.
UButler uncede iHollywood ukuba ivelise ipropaganda ye-pro-Marines, kuquka neyona nto igqwesileyo kaLon Chaney, Xelela ooLwandle. Ngubani onokulinganisa ifuthe lalo ngokuchasene neentetho zikaButler ezichasene nemfazwe kamva?
U-Butler wayebandakanyeka kwiimfazwe zethunzi ezingenakubalwa eziye zacinywa kwimbali yase-US, ezinye zazo zakhokelela ekubeni ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lusaphila kwaye lulungile, ezinye ezikhokelele kwimbuyekezo enkulu, enye yazo eyakhokelela kwimvukelo eTshayina. UButler wathunyelwa eTshayina okokugqibela nguFrank Kellogg, owayesandula ukubakho iqhutywa ngabalwela uxolo ukuxhasa isivumelwano esivala imfazwe. I-United States yayisiba ngumkhosi wasebukhosini apho ukuthumela imikhosi kwindawo ethile kwakungeyomfazwe. Isenokuba linyathelo lamapolisa.
Xa uButler wathabatha ikhefu waza wazama ukuqhuba umgodi wamalahle eWest Virginia, indlela yakhe ekhohlakeleyo nenogonyamelo yaseLwandle yaphumela ekubeni abasebenzi bazame ukumbulala. Wagqiba ekubeni akhuseleke ngakumbi kwi-Marine Corps kwaye wabuyela kanye kuyo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni-kaninzi ukwenzeka, kwakusemva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi-wayenotshintsho kwindlela yakhe yokucinga. Waphuma ejiwuze, ebiza amagama.
“Ndanceda ekwenzeni iMexico, ngakumbi iTampico, ikhuseleke kwiminqweno yeoli yaseMelika ngowe-1914,” utshilo uButler kamva. “Ndanceda ekwenzeni iHaiti neCuba ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuba abafana beNational City Bank baqokelele imali. Irekhodi lokurhweba lide. Ndancedisa ekucoceni iNicaragua ukwenzela indlu yebhanki yamazwe ngamazwe kaBrown Brothers ngowe-1909-1912. Ndazisa ukukhanya kwiRiphabliki yaseDominican kwinzala yeswekile yaseMerika ngowe-1916. ETshayina ndanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iStandard Oil iqhubeka ngendlela yayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.”
USmedley wayitshintsha njani ingqondo yakhe? UKatz wenza umsebenzi olungileyo wokufumana iingcebiso kunye nokutshintsha okufihlakeleyo ukutyhubela iminyaka, kwaye uqaphela ukuba xa uButler eqala ukubalisa amabali obundlobongela obuchasene nedemokhrasi kumazwe aphesheya wothuswa kukuba uluntu lwase-US lothukile, ukuba abantu bangonwabanga bengazi ukuba urhulumente wabo yintoni na. ndenze njalo. Ukuqonda ukuba akukho mntu waziyo-kwaye abo bakhetha ukungathethi ngayo-inokuthi incede ukukhuthaza uButler ukuba axelele. Ukanti xa waxelela abacebi bobhukuqo-mbuso baseWall Street, iziqinisekiso zakhe zokunikela ingxelo ngelo yelenqe kwiKomiti kaKhongolose zazidla ngokungacaciswanga ngokwemigaqo yobuchule bakhe bokuqonda ubhukuqo-mbuso ngenxa yokuba nenxaxheba ngakumbi kulo kunokuba kunokwenzeka nawuphi na omnye umntu ophilayo. Loo ngongoma ayizange ifikelele ekuqondweni ngokubanzi.
Inyaniso yokuba iqela leziseko zobukhosi zase-US, zicaphukile kakhulu ngabemi bendawo, kunye ebizwa ngokuba U-Smedley Butler, namhlanje uthatha umhlaba omkhulu e-Okinawa, uyisithuko kubani u-Butler waba, kodwa ukuvuma ukuba wayengubani ixesha elide lobomi bakhe.
