I-foam ethwele i-PFAS ihamba ngaphesheya kweSt. Inigoes Creek ukusuka kwiWebster Field. Ifoto-Jan. 2021
NguPat Elder, World BEYOND War, UEpreli 15, 2021
Isikhululo soMoya sePatuxent River (iPax River) kunye ne-Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) baxele ukuba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwiPax River's Webster Outlying Field eSt Inigoes, MD inamalungu angama-84,757 ngetriliyoni (ppt) yePerfluorooctanesulfonic acid, (PFOS ). Iityhefu zafunyanwa kwiSakhiwo 8076 esikwabizwa ngokuba sisiKhululo soMlilo 3. Inqanaba letyhefu ngamawaka ayi-1,200 kumaxesha angama-70 e-ppt federal isikhokelo.
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu avela kufakelo lwaselwandle oluncinci angena eSt Inigoes Creek, umgama omfutshane kuMlambo iPotomac kunye neChesapeake Bay.
Iikhemikhali zinxulunyaniswa nomninzi womhlaza, ukungaqheleki kosana olungekazalwa, kunye nezifo zabantwana.
Umkhosi wamanzi nawo waxela iitotali zePFOS kwisiseko soMlambo iPax kwi-35,787.16 ppt. Ungcoliseko apho lungena kuMlambo iPatuxent kunye neChesapeake Bay.
Ingxoxo yokungcola kwezi ndawo zombini iya kuziswa eluntwini ngexesha lentlanganiso ebhengeziweyo ye-NAS Patuxent River Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) entlanganiso ehlelelwe u-Epreli 28th, ukusuka nge-6: 00 pm ukuya kwi-7: 00 pm, uMkhosi wamanzi wabhengeza ngo-Epreli 12th. . Umkhosi wenqanawa awuchazanga ngamanqanaba e-PFAS emanzini angaphezulu.
Umkhosi wenqanawa ufuna imibuzo kuluntu malunga nePFAS ePax River naseWebster Field nge-imeyile apha pax_rab@navy.mil Imibuzo ethunyelwe nge-imeyile iya kwamkelwa kude kube nguLwesihlanu, ngo-Epreli 16. Jonga ukukhutshwa kweendaba zomkhosi waselwandle Apha. Jonga ezomkhosi wamanzi Uvavanyo lweSiza sePFAS sePDF. Olu xwebhu luqulathe idatha esandula ukukhutshwa evela kuzo zombini iisayithi. Intlanganiso yeyure enye iya kubandakanya isishwankathelo malunga neziphumo ezitsha kunye neseshoni yemibuzo kunye neempendulo kunye nabameli abavela kumkhosi wenqanawa, i-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo yaseMelika, kunye neSebe lezeNdalo eMaryland.
Uluntu lungazibandakanya kwintlanganiso ebonakalayo ngokunqakraza Apha.
IWebster Field ibekwe kwiimayile ezili-12 kumazantsi mpuma wePax River eSt Mary's County, MD, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-75 kumazantsi eWashington.
Ungcoliseko lwePFAS eWebster Field
IWebster Field ihlala usingasiqithi phakathi kweSt. Inigoes Creek kunye noMlambo iSt Mary's, umjelo wePotomac. Isihlomelo seWebster Outlying Field sisekhaya kwiZiko loMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMoya, kunye neSikhululo soLondolozo lweNxweme iSt. Inigoes, kunye necandelo loMkhosi weSizwe waseMaryland.
Ukwakha i-8076 ikufutshane nendawo enamanzi eyenza i-foam (i-AFFF) yeNdawo yoLondolozo lweTriki apho iilori ezisebenzisa amagwebu ane-PFAS zivavanywa rhoqo. Indawo ingaphantsi kweenyawo ezingama-200 ukusuka eSt. Inigoes Creek. Ukuziqhelanisa, ngokweNavy, kuyekiswa ngeminyaka yoo-1990, nangona imeko iqhubeka. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-PFAS axeliweyo kutsha nje abubungqina bokuhlala kwamandla abizwa ngokuba "ziikhemikhali ezingunaphakade."
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Indawo yokubasa umlilo 3 Webster Field
UkuFunda okuphezulu
I-PFOS 84,756.77
I-PFOA 2,816.04
IiPFBS 4,804.83
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Ichaphaza eliluhlaza libonisa indawo yovavanyo lwamanzi endilwenzileyo ngoFebruwari, 2020. ichaphaza elibomvu libonisa indawo yokulahlwa kwe-AFFF.
NgoFebruwari, i-2020 ndivavanye amanzi elunxwemeni lwam eSt Inigoes Creek eSt. Iziphumo endizipapashileyo bothuse uluntu. Amanzi aboniswa ukuba aqulathe i-1,894.3 ppt ye-PFAS ene-1,544.4 ppt ye-PFOS. Abantu abangama-275 bapakishwe kwithala leencwadi laseLexington Park ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi, 2020, kwangoko phambi kwesi sifo, ukuva umkhosi wenqanawa ukhusela ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwePFAS.
Uninzi lwaluchaphazelekayo ngumgangatho wamanzi kwimilambo kunye nemilambo kunye neChesapeake Bay kunamanzi okusela. Babenemibuzo emininzi engaphendulwanga kumkhosi wenqanawa. Babenexhala malunga nokutya kwaselwandle okungcolileyo.
Ezi ziphumo zaveliswa yiLebhu yeLebhu yeYunivesithi yaseMichigan isebenzisa indlela ye-EPA 537.1.
I-Navy ivavanye kuphela i-PFOS, i-PFOA kunye ne-PFBS. Ayiphumeleli ukujongana namanqanaba e-11 ezinye iintlobo ze-PFAS eziyingozi ezifumaneka eSt Inigoes Creek: PFHxA, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTA, N-MeFOSAA, NEtFOSAA. Endaweni yoko, uPatrick Gordon, iGosa leMicimbi yoLuntu le-NAS Patuxent River libuze "ukunyaniseka nokuchaneka" kweziphumo.
Oku kuhle kakhulu kukushicilelwa kwenkundla ngokupheleleyo. Izendalo azimeli thuba lide ngelixa zizama ukulumkisa uluntu ngobungozi obubangelwa zezi tyhefu. Umkhosi wamanzi ufuna ukushiywa wedwa. ISebe leMicimbi yezeNdalo eMaryland alinikezeli kwaye lizimisele ukwenza njalo ingxelo yobuxoki yongcoliseko. Isebe lezempilo laseMaryland liye laxela kwi-Navy. Iikomishinala zeNtloko azikhokeleli kwityala. I-Senator Cardin kunye no-Van Hollen bebethule kakhulu, nangona u-Rep. Steny Hoyer kutshanje ebonakalise iimpawu zobomi kulo mbandela. Amanzi abona isoyikiso kwimpilo yabo.
Ukuphendula kwiziphumo zonyaka ophelileyo, u-Ira May, owongamele ukucocwa kwendawo yomanyano kwiSebe lezeNdalo eMaryland, uxelele iBay Journal ungcoliseko olusemlanjeni, "ukuba lukhona," lunokuba nomnye umthombo. Iikhemikhali zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, utshilo, nakwii-biosolids nakwiindawo apho amasebe omlilo abahlali atshiza amagwebu. "Ke, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubakho," utshilo uMay. Siqala nje ukujonga zonke ezo zinto. ”
Ngaba umntu ophambili welizwe wayegubungele umkhosi? Izikhululo zomlilo e-Valley Lee naseRidge zimalunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu kude, ngelixa indawo yokulahla inkunkuma ekufutshane ikumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-11. Unxweme lwam lu-1,800 iinyawo ukusuka ekukhululweni kwe-AFFF.
Kubalulekile ukuba uyiqonde ifayile ye isiphelo kunye nezothutho zePFAS. Inzululwazi ayizinzanga. Ndifumene i-1,544 ppt ye-PFOS ngelixa iWebster Field ephantsi komhlaba kwiziko yayine-84,000 ppt ye-PFOS. Ulwandle lwethu luhlala kwi-cove emantla-mpuma esiseko ngelixa kuvuthuza imimoya evela emazantsi-mzantsi mpuma- Oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya elunxwemeni lwethu. Amagwebu aqokelela kunye nomsinga kwiintsuku ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha i-foam iphakama ngeenyawo kwaye iba nomoya. Ukuba amaza aphezulu kakhulu amagwebu ayanyamalala.
Kwisithuba esimalunga neeyure eziyi-1-2 zamaza amakhulu, amagwebu anyibilika abe ngamanzi, njengamaqamza esitya ashiyekileyo esinkini. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokubona umgca wegwebu uqala ukwenza njengoko ubetha ishelufa yomlambo. (Ungawubona umohluko kubunzulu bamanzi kumfanekiso wesathelayithi apha ngasentla.) Malunga neenyawo ezingama-400 amanzi aphambi kwendlu yethu amalunga ne-3-4 yeenyawo ubunzulu kumaza asezantsi. Ke ngequbuliso iyehla iinyawo ezingama-20-25. Kulapho amagwebu aqala khona ukwakha nokuya elunxwemeni.
Kukho ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubhekisele kwikamva kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-PFAS emanzini. Kubaqalayo, i-PFOS yeyona nto ibhukuda i-PFAS kwaye inokuhamba iimayile emanzini aphantsi komhlaba nangaphezulu kwamanzi. I-PFOA, kwelinye icala, ime ngakumbi kwaye ithambekele ekungcoliseni umhlaba, imveliso yezolimo, inyama yenkomo kunye neenkukhu. I-PFOS ihamba emanzini, njengoko kubonakala kwiziphumo zeDyunivesithi yaseMichigan.
Emva kokuba iziphumo zam zamanzi zichithwe ngurhulumente Ndivavanye ukutya kwaselwandle ukusuka kumlanjana wePFAS. Iimbatyisi zafunyanwa zine-2,070 ppt; oononkala babe ne-6,650 ppt; kwaye i-rockfish yayingcoliswe yi-23,100 ppt yezinto.
Ezi zinto ziyityhefu. Inkqubo ye- Iqela loLuntu lokuSebenza ithi kufanelekile ukugcina ukusetyenziswa kwezi khemikhali phantsi kwe-1 ppt yonke imihla emanzini ethu okusela. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu lithi i-86% ye-PFAS ebantwini isuka kukutya abakutyayo, ngakumbi ukutya kwaselwandle.
Umbuso waseMichigan kuvavanywe iintlanzi ezingama-2,841 kwiikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zePFAS kwaye wafumanisa ukuba avareji intlanzi iqulethe i-93,000 ppt. ye-PFOS kuphela. Okwangoku, urhulumente umisela amanzi okusela kwi-16 ppt- ngelixa abantu bekhululekile ukusebenzisa intlanzi ngamawaka amatyhefu ngaphezulu. I-23,100 ppt efunyenwe kwi-rockfish yethu inokubonakala iphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili waseMichigan, kodwa iWebster Field ayisiyiyo inqwelo moya enkulu kwaye ayinakho ukusebenzela abalweli abakhulu boMkhosi wamanzi, njenge-F-35. Ukufakwa okukhulu kunamazinga aphezulu ePFAS.
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“Yimeko enomdla ukuba ulwandle, apho kwaqala khona ubomi ngoku lusongelwe yimisebenzi yohlobo olunye lobo bomi. Kodwa ulwandle, nangona lutshintshiwe ngendlela embi, luya kuqhubeka lubakho; sisisongelo nakubomi uqobo. ”
- URachel Carson, Ulwandle olujikeleze thina
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Nangona umkhosi wenqanawa usithi, "Akukho ndlela yangoku yokuvezwa kwabantu isuka ekukhutshweni kwePFAS ukuya okanye ukucima ii-receptors ezisisiseko," bajonga kuphela imithombo yamanzi okusela, kwaye neli bango linokuba ngumceli mngeni. Amakhaya amaninzi kwindawo yase-Hermanville yase-Afrika eyaziwayo ikakhulu, enqamleza icala lasentshona nelasezantsi kwesiseko soMlambo iPax, anikezelwa ngamanzi. Inqanawa yenqanawa yenqabile ukuvavanya la maqula, ibanga ukuba yonke i-PFAS isuka kwisiseko iya eChesapeake Bay.
Umkhosi wenqanawa uthi, "Indlela yokufudukela kwizamkeli ezifumaneka kufutshane nangaphandle komda osisiseko ngamaqula abucala akabonakali egqibelele ngokusekwe kumphezulu wamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Umgaqo wokuhamba kwezi ziko losasazo zimbini zikude noluntu lwabucala olusentshona nakumazantsi eSitishi kwaye indlela eya kuyo ijonge kuMlambo iPatuxent naseChesapeake Bay emantla nasempuma. ”
Umkhosi wenqanawa awuvavanyi imithombo yoluntu kuba bathi zonke iityhefu zityhalela elwandle. ISebe lezeMpilo laseSt. Mary's County lithembela kwiziphumo zomkhosi wenqanawa ngokubhekisele kwityhefu yetyhefu.
Nceda uzame ukuya kwintlanganiso ye-RAB ecwangciselwe u-Epreli 28th, ukusuka ngo-6: 00 pm ukuya ku-7: 00 pm. Bona imiyalelo yokujoyina intlanganiso Apha.
Umkhosi wenqanawa ufuna imibuzo kuluntu malunga nePFAS ePax River naseWebster Field nge-imeyile apha pax_rab@navy.mil Imibuzo ethunyelwe nge-imeyile iya kwamkelwa kude kube nguLwesihlanu, nge-16 ka-Epreli.
Nayi imibuzo embalwa yesampulu:
- Ngaba kulungile ukutya i-rockfish?
- Ngaba kulungile ukutya oononkala?
- Ngaba kulungile ukutya iimbatyisi?
- Ngaba ezinye iintlanzi zifana nebala kunye ne-perch KULUNGILE ukutya?
- Ngaba inyama yenyamakazi ilungile ukuba ityiwe? (Kuvinjelwe kufutshane neWurtsmuth AFB eMichigan enamanqanaba asezantsi ePFAS emanzini aphantsi komhlaba kuneSt. Inigoes Creek.)
- Uza kuvavanya nini iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle?
- Ulala njani ebusuku?
- Ngaba amanzi ahamba kakuhle ngaphakathi kwe-5 yeemayile kufakelo ngaphandle kwePFAS evela kwisiseko?
- Kutheni ungavavanyi lonke uhlobo olunokwenzeka lwePFAS?
- Yimalini ngoku i-PFAS oyigcinileyo kwisiseko?
- Dwelisa zonke iindlela zePFAS ezisetyenziselwa isiseko kunye nokuba usebenzisa kangakanani.
- Kwenzeka ntoni kwimithombo yeendaba engcolisekileyo kwisiseko? Ngaba kugcwalisiwe? Ngaba ithunyelwa ngenqanawa ukuze itshiswe? Okanye ngaba ishiywe endaweni?
- Yimalini i-PFAS ethunyelweyo kwindawo yokuhlaziya amanzi eMarlay-Taylor ukuba ifakwe kwi-Big Pine Run engena kwi-bay?
- Kwenzeka njani ukuba iHangar 2133 ePax River ibe nokufundwa okuphantsi okumangalisayo kwePFOS kwi-135.83 ppt? Kukho ukukhutshwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-AFFF ngo-2002, 2005, no-2010 ukusuka kwinkqubo yokucinezela kwi-hangar. Ubuncinane kwisiganeko esinye yonke le nkqubo ingaqondanga yahamba. I-AFFF inokubonwa iphantsi kwesiphepho esikhokelela kumjelo wokudonsa kunye nokuphuma uye ethekwini.
