nguVijay Prashad, Ukuhanjiswa kwabantu, Septemba 17, 2021
NgoJulayi nango-Agasti kwafakwa amajoni aseRwanda eMozambiki, ekuthiwa ayokulwa nabanqolobi be-ISIS. Nangona kunjalo, ngasemva kweli phulo kukuqhutywa kweFrance okunceda izibonelelo zamandla amakhulu azimisele ukuxhaphaza izibonelelo zegesi yendalo, kwaye mhlawumbi, ezinye izinto zaseburhulumenteni zijongana nembali.
Nge-9 kaJulayi, urhulumente waseRwanda wathi ukuba ithumele amajoni ayi-1,000 8 eMozambiki ukuya kulwa nabalwi be-al-Shabaab, ababebambe iphondo elisemantla laseCabo Delgado. Kwinyanga kamva, ngo-Agasti XNUMX, imikhosi yaseRwanda zifakwe isixeko esikwizibuko laseMocímboa da Praia, apho ngaselunxwemeni kuhlala umnyinyiva omkhulu wegesi yendalo obanjwe yinkampani yezamandla yaseFrance iTotalEnergies SE kunye nenkampani yamandla e-US i-ExxonMobil. Olu phuhliso lutsha kwingingqi lukhokelele kuMongameli weBhanki yoPhuhliso yase-Afrika u-M. Akinwumi Adesina bhengeza Nge-27 ka-Agasti ukuba i-TotalEnergies SE izakuyiqala ngokutsha iprojekthi yegesi yendalo eCabo Delgado ngasekupheleni kuka-2022.
Amajoni avela e-al-Shabaab (okanye i-ISIS-Mozambique, njengeSebe likaRhulumente wase-US ukhetha ukuyibiza) akazange alwe nomntu wokugqibela; banyamalale bawela umda baya eTanzania okanye kwiidolophana zabo ezikwilizwekazi. Iinkampani zamandla, ngeli xesha, kungekudala ziza kuqala ukubuyisa utyalo-mali kunye nenzuzo entle, enkosi kwinxalenye enkulu yokungenelela komkhosi waseRwanda.
Kutheni le nto iRwanda yangenelela eMozambiki ngoJulayi 2021 ukukhusela, ngokukodwa, iinkampani zamandla eziphambili? Impendulo ilele kuhlobo oluthile lweziganeko ezenzeka kwiinyanga eziphambi kokuba imikhosi imke eKigali, ikomkhulu laseRwanda.
Amawaka ezigidi ancanyatheliswe ngamanzi
Abalwi beAl-Shabaab baqala ukwenza eyabo kuvela eCabo Delgado ngo-Okthobha ka-2017. Kwiminyaka emithathu, eli qela lidlale umdlalo wekati kunye nempuku nomkhosi waseMozambiki ngaphambili Kuthatha ulawulo lweMocímboa da Praia ngo-Agasti 2020. Akuzange kubonakale ngathi kunokwenzeka ukuba umkhosi wase-Mozambique uphazamise i-al-Shabaab kwaye uvumele i-TotalEnergies SE kunye ne-ExxonMobil ukuba iqale ukusebenza kwi-Rovuma Basin, kunxweme lomntla we-Mozambique, apho irhasi yendalo enkulu intsimi yayi Fu maneka ngoFebruwari 2010.
Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi laseMozambiki kuqeshwe Uluhlu lwee-mercenaries ezinje IQela lokuCebisa (Mzantsi Afrika), Iqela leeNkonzo zeFrontier (Hong Kong), kunye Iqela leWagner (Rhashiya). Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2020, iTotalEnergies SE kunye norhulumente waseMozambiki batyikitye isivumelwano ukwenza umkhosi wokhuselo ngokudibeneyo ukukhusela utyalo-mali lwenkampani kwi-al-Shabaab. Akukho nanye kula maqela axhobileyo aphumeleleyo. Utyalomali lwalugcinwe phantsi kwamanzi.
Ngeli xesha, uMongameli wase-Mozambique u-Filipe Nyusi ubonakalisile, njengoko ndixelelwe ngumthombo wase-Maputo, ukuba i-TotalEnergies SE inokucela urhulumente wase-France ukuba athumele iqela elizokuncedisa ekuqinisekiseni le ndawo. Le ngxoxo yaqhubeka yaya ku-2021. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 18, 2021, uMphathiswa Wezomkhosi wase-France u-Florence Parly kunye neqabane lakhe e-Portugal, u-João Gomes Cravinho, bathetha emnxebeni, ngexesha apho cetyiswa eMaputo-baxoxa ngamathuba okungenelela kweNtshona eCabo Delgado. Ngolo suku, i-CEO yeTotalEnergies SE uPatrick Pouyanné wadibana noMongameli Nyusi kunye nabaphathiswa bezomkhosi (Jaime Bessa Neto) kunye nezangaphakathi (Amade Miquidade) ku xubusha "isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwendawo." Akukho nto yavela. Urhulumente wase-France wayengenamdla wongenelelo oluthe ngqo.
Igosa eliphezulu eMaputo lindixelele ukuba kukholelwa kakhulu eMozambiki ukuba uMongameli wase-France u-Emmanuel Macron ucebise ukuba kubekwe umkhosi waseRwanda, endaweni yamajoni aseFrance, ukuze kukhuseleke uCabo Delgado. Eneneni, imikhosi yaseRwanda — eqeqeshwe kakuhle, exhobe yaxhobisa amazwe aseNtshona, yaze yanikwa isohlwayo sokusebenza ngaphandle kwemida yomthetho wamazwe aphesheya — ibonakalisile ukuba namandla kumanyathelo enziwe eSouth Sudan nakwiCentral African Republic.
Ufumene ntoni uKagame ngongenelelo
UPaul Kagame ulawule iRwanda ukusukela ngo-1994, okokuqala njengesekela-mongameli kunye nomphathiswa wezomkhosi kwaye ukusukela ngo-2000 njengomongameli. Phantsi kweKagame, imigaqo-nkqubo yedemokhrasi ityeshelwe ngaphakathi kweli lizwe, ngelixa amajoni aseRwanda esebenze ngokungenalusini kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Ingxelo yeProjekthi ye-UN yeMephu ka-2010 malunga nokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo bonise ukuba imikhosi yaseRwanda yabulala "amakhulu amawaka ukuba ayizigidi" zabantu baseCongo kunye neembacu zaseRwanda phakathi kowe-1993 ukuya kowama-2003. UKagame wayikhaba ingxelo ye-UN, cebisa Ukuba le mbono “yokuphangaleleneyo” yaphika ukubulawa kwabantu eRwanda ngo-1994. Uye wafuna ukuba amaFrentshi amkele uxanduva lokutshutshisa ngo-1994 kwaye unethemba lokuba uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe aluzukukuhoya ukubulawa kwabantu kwimpuma yeCongo.
Ngo-Matshi 26, 2021, umbhali-mbali uVincent Duclert ungenise iphepha elinama-992 umbiko kwindima yeFrance kwimbubhiso yaseRwanda. Le ngxelo ikwenza kucace ukuba iFrance kufuneka yamkele - "uxanduva olukhulu" kule mbubhiso, njengoko iMédecins Sans Frontières isitsho. Kodwa ingxelo ayitsho ukuba ilizwe laseFrance lalinobundlobongela. UDuclert waya eKigali ngo-Epreli 9 ukuya Ku hlangula ingxelo ngokobuqu kuKagame, ngubani wathi Upapasho lwengxelo "luphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya kukuqonda ngokubanzi ngento eyenzekileyo."
Ngo-Epreli 19, urhulumente waseRwanda wakhupha i-a umbiko yayigunyaziswe ngumthetho wase-US u-Levy Firestone Muse. Ingxelo yale ngxelo ithi: “Ukubulawa kwabantu ngenkohlakalo okubonakalayo: Indima kaRhulumente waseFransi ngokudibana nokuBulawa kohlanga lwamaTutsi eRwanda.” AmaFrentshi awaphikanga amagama abukhali kolu xwebhu, athi iFrance yayixhobile gnocidaires kwaye emva koko sikhawuleze ukubakhusela kuphando lwamanye amazwe. Macron, othe wanezothe kuye kwamkela Inkohlakalo yaseFrance kwimfazwe yenkululeko yaseAlgeria, ayiphikisani nengxelo kaKagame. Eli lixabiso awayekulungele ukulihlawula.
Yintoni efunwa yiFrance
Ngo-Epreli 28, 2021, uMongameli waseMozambique uNyusi tyelela UKagame eRwanda. Nyusi xelelwe Abasasazi beendaba baseMozambiki ukuba wayeze kufunda ngongenelelo lweRwanda kwiCentral African Republic kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulungela kweRwanda ukunceda iMozambique eCabo Delgado.
Ngo-Meyi 18, Macron kusingathwa Ingqungquthela ebiseParis, "efuna ukukhulisa imali e-Afrika phakathi kwesibetho se-COVID-19," ebizinyaswe ziintloko ezininzi zikarhulumente, kubandakanya uKagame noNyusi, umongameli we-African Union (Moussa Faki Mahamat), umongameli I-Bhanki yoPhuhliso yase-Afrika (Akinwumi Adesina), umongameli we-West African Development Bank (Serge Ekué), kunye nomphathi olawulayo we-International Monetary Fund (Kristalina Georgieva). Ukuphuma kwi "asphyxiation yezemali" bekukuphezulu kwe ajenda, nangona kwiintlanganiso zabucala bekukho iingxoxo ngongenelelo lwaseRwanda eMozambiki.
Kwiveki kamva, uMacron washiya i utyelelo ukuya eRwanda naseMzantsi Afrika, bachitha iintsuku ezimbini (ngoMeyi 26 nowama-27) eKigali. Uphindaphinde iziphumo ezibanzi zengxelo yeDuclert, ngeniswe kunye ne-100,000 COVID-19 zokugonya ukuya eRwanda (apho kuphela iipesenti ezi-4 zabemi babefumene idosi yokuqala ngexesha lotyelelo lwabo), kwaye bachitha ixesha bencokola ngasese noKagame. Ngomhla we-28 kuCanzibe, ecaleni kuka-Mongameli wase Mzantsi Afrika u-Cyril Ramaphosa, u-Macron bathetha Malunga neMozambiki, isithi iFrance ikulungele "ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yolwandle," kodwa ke iyakubuyela kuMbutho woPhuhliso lwamaZantsi e-Afrika (i-SADC) nakwamanye amagunya engingqi. Khange ayikhankanye iRwanda ngokuthe ngqo.
URwanda ungene eMozambiki ngoJulayi, landelwa yimikhosi yeSADC, eyayiquka imikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika. IFransi ifumene into eyifunayo: Ingxilimbela yayo yamandla ngoku inokuphinda ityale imali yayo.
Eli nqaku laveliswa I-Globetrotter.
Vijay Prashad ngumbhali-mbali waseIndiya, umhleli kunye nentatheli. Ungumntu obhalayo kunye nomnxibelelanisi oyintloko eGlobetrotter. Ungumlawuli we I-Tricontinental: Iziko loPhando lwezeNtlalo. Ngumntu ongasentla ongumhlali apha IZiko leChongyang leziFundo zezeMaliKwiYunivesithi yaseRinmin yase China. Ubhale ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezingama-20, kubandakanya IZizwe eziMnyama kwaye Iintlanga ezihlwempuzekileyo. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje ngu Iimbumbulu zaseWashington, ngentshayelelo ka-Evo Morales Ayma.
