UPedro Castillo ethetha kumsitho wephulo. Ifoto: AP
NguMedea Benjamin noLeonardo Flores, CODEPINK, UJuni 8, 2021
Ngomnqwazi wakhe omdaka kunye neepensile zootitshala ezixhonywe phezulu, uPedro Castillo wase-Peru ebehamba eli lizwe ecela abavoti ukuba babuyele emva komnxeba ongxamisekileyo ngelixesha lo bhubhani utshabalalisayo: “No más pobres en un país rico” - Hayi ngakumbi abantu abahluphekileyo kwilizwe elityebileyo. Kumngcelele wolonyulo olunomahluko omkhulu wasezidolophini nasemaphandleni, kubonakala ngathi utitshala wasezilalini, umfama kunye nenkokheli yemanyano sele iza kwenza imbali yoyisa –ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye- umgqatswa onamandla wasekunene uKeiko Fujimori, scion "Ubukhosi baseFujimori bezopolitiko"
UFujimori ucela umngeni kwiziphumo zonyulo, etyhola ubuqhetseba. Iphulo lakhe libonise ubungqina bezitenxo ezizimeleyo, kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho nto iphakamisa ivoti engcolileyo. Nangona kunjalo, unokucela umngeni kwezinye zeevoti zokulibazisa iziphumo zokugqibela, kwaye njengaseMelika, nokuba isityholo sobuqhetseba somntu ophulukene nomgqatswa siya kubangela ukungaqiniseki kwaye siphakamise ukungavisisani elizweni.
Uloyiso lukaCastillo aluzukuphawuleka kungekuphela ngenxa yokuba engutitshala oshiyekileyo ongunyana wabalimi abangafundanga kwaye iphulo lakhe laligqitywe kakhulu nguFujimori, kodwa kwabakho uhlaselo olungenantlonelo kuye oluchaphazela uloyiko lwembali yase-Peru yodidi oluphakathi kunye nabantu abakhethekileyo. Ibiyi fanayo Kwinto eyenzekileyo kutsha nje kumgqatswa oqhubela phambili u-Andrés Arauz ophulukene kancinane kunyulo lwe-Ecuador, kodwa nangakumbi. I-Grupo El Comercio, indibaniselwano yemithombo yeendaba ilawula iipesenti ezingama-80 zamaphephandaba asePeru, wakhokela ityala elalibekwa uCastillo. Bammangalela ngokuba ngumgrogrisi onxibelelene ne-Shining Path, iqela labanqolobi elalinombuso kurhulumente phakathi kuka-1980 no-2002 lakhokelela kumashumi amawaka abantu ababhubhileyo labashiya abantu bephazamisekile. Ikhonkco likaCastillo kwiNdlela eKhanyayo ayinantsingiselo: Ngelixa inkokheli kaSutep, umanyano lwabasebenzi bezemfundo, uCastillo kuthiwa wayenobuhlobo noMovadef, uMbutho woXolelwaniso kunye namaLungelo asisiseko, iqela ekuthiwa beliliphiko lezopolitiko Indlela ekhanyayo. Ngokwenyani, uCastillo ngokwakhe yayiyi rondero xa kwakusenzeka uninzi lwemvukelo. IiRonderos yayingamaqela amahlwempu okuzikhusela akhusela uluntu lwawo kubanqolobi kwaye aqhubeka nokubonelela ngokhuseleko kulwaphulo-mthetho nakubundlobongela.
Kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi konyulo, nge-23 kaMeyi, abantu abangama-18 babulawa kwidolophu yasemaphandleni yasePeruvia iSan Miguel del Ene. Urhulumente ngokukhawuleza yenziwe uhlaselo lwentsalela yeNdlela eKhanyayo ebandakanyeka kuthengiso lweziyobisi, nangona kungekho qela lithathe uxanduva okwangoku. Amajelo osasazo adibanisa uhlaselo kunye noCastillo kunye nephulo lakhe, beqhuba uloyiko lobundlobongela ngakumbi ukuba angaphumelela ubongameli. UCastillo walugxeka uhlaselo kwaye wakhumbuza abantu basePeru ukuba ukubulawa kwabantu ngendlela efanayo kwenzeka ngexesha langoku Unyulo luka-2011 no-2016. Kwicala lakhe, uFujimori cetyiswa UCastillo wayedibene nokubulawa.
Amaphephandaba asePeruvia asasaza uloyiko malunga neCastillo. Iifoto nguMarco Teruggi, @Marco_Teruggi
Kwicala lezoqoqosho, uCastillo utyholwa ngokuba ngumkomanisi ofuna ukubumba amashishini abalulekileyo, kwaye angayiguqula iPeru ibe "uzwilakhe okhohlakeleyo”NjengeVenezuela. Iibhodi zebhodi yomgaqo kuhola wendlela omkhulu waseLima zibuze abemi: “Ngaba ungathanda ukuhlala eCuba okanye eVenezuela?” ngokubhekisele kuphumelele uCastillo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiifoto ezingentla, amaphephandaba adibanisa iphulo likaCastillo ekunciphiseni kwemali yasePeruvia kwaye walumkisa ukuba ukunqoba kweCastillo kuya kubalimaza abantu basePeru abanomvuzo ophantsi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba amashishini aya kuvala okanye ahambe phesheya. Amaxesha ngamaxesha, umkhankaso weCastillo unayo caciswa AkangomKomanisi kwaye injongo yakhe ayikokuthandisa ubume bamashishini kodwa kukuphinda axoxe ngezivumelwano kunye namazwe aphesheya ukuze uninzi lweenzuzo luhlale noluntu lwengingqi.
Okwangoku, uFujimori waphathwa ngegloves yabantwana ngamajelo eendaba ngexesha lomkhankaso, elinye lamaphephandaba kule mifanekiso ingentla lisithi "uKeiko uqinisekisa ngomsebenzi, ukutya, impilo kunye nokuvuselelwa koqoqosho kwangoko." Ixesha lakhe elidlulileyo njengenenekazi lokuqala ngexesha lolawulo lukayise u-Alberto Fujimori lityeshelwa kakhulu yimithombo yeendaba. Uyakwazi ukubanga ukuba "i-fujimorismo yoyisile ubugrogrisi" ngaphandle kokucela umngeni kwizoyikiso ezibangelwe ngu-fujimorismo kwilizwe, kubandakanya nokunyanzelwa Ama-270,000 amabhinqa kunye nama-22,000 amadoda Ityala lakhe lithethwa nguyise. Ngoku uvalelwe ngenxa yokuphathwa gadalala kwamalungelo abantu kunye nenkohliso, nangona uKeiko ethembise ukumkhulula ukuba uphumelele. Kwakhona ukungahoywa yinto yokuba uKeiko ngokwakhe ungaphandle ngebheyile kunyaka ophelileyo, ngoku uphando ngemali, kwaye ngaphandle kokuzikhusela kukamongameli, uya kuphelela entolongweni.
Imithombo yeendaba yamanye amazwe ibingahlukanga kokungangqinelani kweCastillo kunye neFujimori, ngesilumkiso seBloomberg esithi "abantu abaphambili bayangcangcazela ”xa becinga ngoCastillo njengomongameli kunye neThe Financial Times sihloko bekhwaza "Iigorha zasePeru zisothukile zinethemba lokuphumelela ngasekhohlo kunyulo lukamongameli."
Uqoqosho lwasePeru lukhule ngokuncomekayo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, kodwa oko kukhula akuzange kuziphakamise zonke izikhephe. Izigidi zabantu basePeruvi ezilalini zishiywe zilahlwe ngurhulumente. Ngaphezulu, njengabamelwane bayo abaninzi (kubandakanya iColombia, iChile kunye ne-Ecuador), iPeru ayithathanga mali kwezonyango, kwimfundo nakwezinye iinkqubo zentlalo. Ukhetho olunje luyitshabalalisile inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo kangangokuba iPeru ngoku inehlazo elihlazo lokukhokela umhlaba wonke ngokusweleka komntu ngamnye kwi-Covid-19.
Ukongeza kwintlekele yezempilo yoluntu, abantu basePeruvia bebephila kwingxwabangxwaba yezopolitiko ephawulwe linani elingaqhelekanga lamatyala aphezulu orhwaphilizo kunye noomongameli abane kwiminyaka emithathu. Abahlanu kwabaongameli abasixhenxe bokugqibela bajongana nezityholo zorhwaphilizo. Ngo-2020, uMongameli uMartín Vizcarra (yena ngokwakhe otyholwa ngenkohliso) wagwetywa, wangasuswa kwaye wathatyathwa nguManuel Merino. I-maneuver yagxekwa njengelipalamente, elikhokelela kwiintsuku ezininzi zoqhanqalazo ezitalatweni. Kwiintsuku nje ezintlanu ebambe isikhundla sakhe, uMerino warhoxa kwaye wathatyathwa nguMongameli uFrancisco Sagasti.
Elinye lawona maqonga aphambili kaCastillo kukwenza isigqibo malunga nomgaqo-siseko ukuze abantu bathathe isigqibo sokuba bafuna umgaqo-siseko omtsha okanye banqwenela ukugcina owangoku ubhalwe ngo-1993 phantsi kolawulo luka-Alberto Fujimori, olwaluzinzise ubu-neoliberalism kwisakhelo salo.
“Umgaqo-siseko okhoyo ngoku ubeka phambili iimfuno zabucala ngaphezulu komdla woluntu, inzuzo ebomini kunye nesidima,” ufunda eyakhe Isicwangciso sikarhulumente. UCastillo ucebisa ukuba umgaqo-siseko omtsha ubandakanye oku kulandelayo: ukwamkelwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo ezempilo, ezemfundo, ukutya, izindlu kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi; ukwamkelwa kwabantu bemveli kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko yasePeru; ukwamkelwa kwamalungelo endalo; ukuyila ngokutsha uRhulumente ukuze kugxilwe elubala nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi; kunye nendima ephambili kurhulumente kwisicwangciso-qhinga sokuqinisekisa ukuba umdla woluntu uhamba phambili.
Ngaphambili kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, uloyiso lukaCastillo luza kubonisa ukubetha okukhulu kwimidla yase-US kuloo mmandla kunye nenyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuvuselela ukudityaniswa kweLatin America. Uthembise ukuyirhoxisa iPeru kwiqela laseLima, ikomiti yethutyana yamazwe azinikele kutshintsho lolawulo eVenezuela.
Ukongeza, iqela lasePeru Libre linalo bizelwa ukugxotha i-USAID kunye nokuvalwa kweziseko zomkhosi wase-US kweli lizwe. UCastillo ukwabonakalise inkxaso yokulwa i-OAS kunye ukomeleza zombini Uluntu lwamazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean States (CELAC) kunye noManyano lweZizwe eziMazantsi eMelika (UNASUR). Ukuphumelela kukwalilizwi elihle lasekhohlo eChile, eColombia naseBrazil, nganye kuzoya kubakho unyulo lukamongameli kunyaka olandelayo onesiqingatha.
UCastillo uza kujongana nomsebenzi otyhafisayo, nenkongolo enobutshaba, udidi lweshishini olunobutshaba, umatshini wokushicilela onobutshaba kwaye ubukhulu becala, ulawulo lweBiden. Inkxaso yezigidi zabantu abanomsindo nabadibanise abantu basePeru abafuna utshintsho, kunye nobumbano lwamazwe aphesheya, iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekufezekiseni isithembiso sakhe sokujongana nezona mfuno zihluphekileyo nezilahliweyo zoluntu lwasePeru.
UMedea uBenjamin, umseki weqela loxolo i-CODEPINK kunye nombhali weencwadi kwi-Middle East nakwi-Latin America, use-Peru kunye nabathunywa ababukele unyulo obuququzelelwe yi-Progressive International.
ULeonardo Flores yingcali yomgaqo-nkqubo waseLatin America kunye nomkhankaso weODEPINK.
