NguJoseph Essertier, World BEYOND War, Matshi 29, 2021
Luxanduva lwamagqwetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-siseko iyahlonitshwa, kodwa abezomthetho bathi cwaka.
UGiorgio Agamben, "Umbuzo," Siphi ngoku? Ubhubhane njengePolitiki (2020)
Njengo "9/11" waseUnited States, "i-3/11" yaseJapan yayingumzuzu wembali kwimbali yoluntu. I-3/11 yindlela emfutshane yokubhekisa kwinyikima yaseTōhoku kunye ne-tsunami eyenzeka ngomhla we-11 kuMatshi, ngo-2011 evusa intlekele yeNyukliya yeFukushima Daiichi. Zombini ezi yayiziintlekele ezakhokelela ekuphulukaneni nobomi, kwaye kuzo zombini iimeko, okunye ukuphulukana nobomi kwaba zizenzo zabantu. I-9/11 imele ukusilela kwabemi abaninzi base-US; I-3/11 imele ukusilela kwabemi abaninzi baseJapan. Xa iinkqubela phambili zase-US zikhumbula umva we-9/11, uninzi lucinga ngokungabikho komthetho kurhulumente kunye nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu okubangelwe yiPatriot Act. Ngokufana noko kwinkqubela phambili yaseJapan, ukungabinamthetho kurhulumente kunye nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kuya kuthi qatha engqondweni xa bekhumbula i-3/11. Kwaye kungaphikiswa ukuba zombini i-9/11 kunye ne-3/11 zikhokelela kunyhasho lwamalungelo abantu baseJapan. Umzekelo, ukwanda koloyiko lobunqolobi emva komhla we-9/11 kwanika abo babebambelele kwimikhosi amandla amakhulu okuhlaziya umgaqo-siseko ngesizathu "sokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwemeko yamazwe ajikeleze iJapan"; AmaJapan abambeka kwiimfazwe e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq; baya besanda ukucupha yabantu baseJapan emva kwe-9/11 njengakwamanye amazwe. Olunye luhlaselo lwabanqolobi kwaye olunye luyintlekele yendalo, kodwa bobabini bayitshintshile ikhosi yembali.
Ukusukela oko yabhengezwa, bekukho ukophulwa koMgaqo-siseko waseJapan, kodwa masisebenzise eli thuba ukuphonononga ukungabikho komthetho kurhulumente kunye nokwaphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu okuthe kwabakho kwezi ngxaki zintathu 9/11, 3/11, kunye I-COVID19. Ndithi ukungaphumeleli ukutshutshisa, ukulungisa, okanye ukunqanda ukwaphulwa komGaqo-siseko ekugqibeleni kuya kulwenza buthathaka kwaye lonakalise igunya loMgaqo-siseko, kwaye lithambise abemi baseJapan kuhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko.
Iposi-9/11 Ukungabi namthetho
Inqaku lama-35 likhusela ilungelo labantu "lokukhuseleka emakhayeni abo, amaphepha kunye neziphumo ngokuchasene nokungena, ukugqogqwa nokubanjwa." Kodwa uRhulumente waziwa intlola kubantu abamsulwa, ngakumbi kubukomanisi, kumaKorea, nase AmaSulumane. Ukuhlola okunje ngurhulumente waseJapan ukongeza ekuhloleni urhulumente wase-US abandakanyeka kuko (ichazwe Ngu-Edward Snowden noJulian Assange), ekubonakala ukuba iTokyo iyakuvumela oko. Umsasazi kawonke-wonke waseJapan i-NHK kunye ne-The Intercept bayivezile into yokuba i-arhente yezobuntlola yase-Japani, “ICandelo loMlawuli weeMpawu zoBuntlola okanye i-DFS, iqeshe abantu abamalunga ne-1,700 kwaye ineendawo zokugada ezintandathu ubuncinci. iindlebe ubusuku nemini kwiminxeba, ii-imeyile, kunye nolunye unxibelelwano ”. Ukufihlwa okujikeleze lo msebenzi kubangela ukuba umntu azibuze ukuba "bakhuselekile" njani abantu baseJapan kumakhaya abo.
Ngokubhala kuka Judith Butler ngo-2009, “ubuzwe e-US buye bonyuka okokoko kuhlaselwa nge-9/11, kodwa masikhumbule ukuba eli lilizwe elinabisela igunya lalo ngaphaya kwemida yalo, elirhoxisa uxanduva lwalo lomgaqo-siseko. ngaphakathi kwemida leyo, kwaye yona izazi ukuba ikhululekile kulo naliphi na inani lezivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya. ” (Isahluko 1 sayo Izakhelo zeMfazwe: Ngaba buhlala buhlungu nini?Ukuba urhulumente wase-US kunye neenkokheli zaseMelika bahlala bezenzela ngokwahlukileyo kubudlelwane babo namanye amazwe kubhalwe kakuhle; pro-uxolo baseMelika Uyazi walo mqobo kuxolo. Abanye abantu baseMelika bayazi ukuba amagosa karhulumente, bobabini abamaRiphabhlikhi kunye namaDemokhrasi, bayarhoxisa uxanduva lomgaqo-siseko welizwe lethu xa befaka isitampu yerabha kwaye ngenye indlela bephefumla ubomi kwiPatriot Act. Kwanaxa owayesakuba nguMongameli uTrump engathandekiyo "wahambisa umbono wokuba urhulumente abeke esweni," yayikhona "Qhayisa uqhankqalazo oluvela nakubani na malunga nefuthe lawo kumalungelo abantu baseMelika".
Bambalwa abonakala ngathi bayazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iWashington yathumela ilizwe lethu le-9/11 hysteria kwamanye amazwe, ide inyanzelise abanye oorhulumente ukuba baphule imigaqo-nkqubo yabo. “Uxinzelelo oluhlala luvela kumagosa aphezulu kurhulumente wase-US yinto ebalulekileyo eqhuba iJapan ukuba iqinise imithetho yayo yokufihla. Inkulumbuso [uShinzo] Abe uvakalise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba isidingo somthetho wokugcina imfihlelo ubalulekile kuye. iplani ukwenza iBhunga lezoKhuseleko kuZwelonke ngokusekwe kwimodeli yaseMelika ”.
IJapan ilandele emkhondweni wase-US ngo-Disemba ka-2013 xa izidlo (okt, indibano yesizwe) zadlulisa impikiswano isenzo ekukhuselweni kweemfihlelo eziKhethekileyo. Lo mthetho zibuza isoyikiso esibi kwingxelo yeendaba nakwinkululeko yamaphephandaba eJapan. Amagosa aseburhulumenteni khange oyike ukoyikisa iintatheli ngaphambili. Umthetho omtsha uza kubanika amandla amakhulu okwenza njalo. Ukuhamba komthetho kuzalisekisa iinjongo zikarhulumente ezinde zokufumana amandla ongezelelweyo kumajelo eendaba. Umthetho omtsha unokuba nefuthe elibi kwiingxelo zeendaba kwaye ke kulwazi lwabantu ngezenzo zikarhulumente wabo. ”
“I-United States inemikhosi exhobileyo kunye nomthetho wokukhusela iimfihlo zikarhulumente. Ukuba iJapan ifuna ukwenza imisebenzi edibeneyo yasemkhosini ne-United States, kufuneka ithobele umthetho wokugcina imfihlo wase-US. Le yimvelaphi yomthetho ocetywayo wokugcina imfihlo. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho oyilwayo oyilwayo ityhila iinjongo zikarhulumente zokubeka umthetho ngokubanzi ngakumbi kunoko. ”
Yiyo loo nto i-9/11 yaba lithuba kurhulumente we-ultranationalist eJapan ukwenza ukuba kube nzima kubemi ukuba bazi ukuba baphi, nangona babebahlola ngaphezulu kunangaphambili. Kwaye, enyanisweni, yayingezizo iimfihlo zikarhulumente kunye nemfihlo yabantu kuphela eyaba yimicimbi emva kwe-9/11. Umgaqo-siseko waseJapan woxolo waba ngumcimbi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, amaJapan alondolozayo anyanzelisa ukuhlaziywa komgaqo-siseko ngenxa "yokunyuka kweTshayina njengamandla amakhulu kwezoqoqosho nakwezomkhosi" kunye "neemeko ezingaqinisekanga zezopolitiko kwiPeninsula yaseKorea." Kodwa "uloyiko olubanzi lobunqolobi eUnited States naseYurophu" lwaluyinto eyi Into.
Post-3/11 Ulwaphulo
Ngaphandle komonakalo obangelwe yinyikima kunye netsunami zowama-2011, ngakumbi ezi zixhobo zintathu zenyukliya, isityalo iFukushima Daiichi sivelise imitha kwimekobume yendalo ukusukela ngala mhla wesoyikiso. Ukanti urhulumente uceba ukulahla iitoni ezizigidi zezigidi amanzi Ungcoliseko lwetritium kunye nezinye iityhefu, ukutyeshela inkcaso evela kwizazinzulu, kwezendalo nakumaqela okuloba. Akukaziwa ukuba bangaphi abantu abafa eJapan okanye kwamanye amazwe abaza kubakho kolu hlaselo lwendalo. Umyalezo ophambili kumajelo osasazo ubonakala ngathi olu hlaselo alunakuphepheka kuba ucoceko olufanelekileyo alunakuphazamisa kwaye lubize iNkampani yaMandla oMbane yaseTokyo (TEPCO), efumana inkxaso eninzi kuRhulumente. Nabani na onokubona ukuba olo hlaselo loMhlaba kufuneka lumiswe.
Emva kwangoko kwangoko kwe-3/11, urhulumente wase-Japan wayejamelene nengxaki enkulu. Kwakukho uhlobo lwezithintelo ezisemthethweni malunga nokuba ityhefu engakanani kwindalo iya kunyamezelwa. Lo yayingumthetho owawusithi “ukubakho kwemitha rhoqo ngonyaka kuvumelekile ngokusemthethweni.” Elona nani liphezulu lalisisigidi semililitha ngonyaka kubantu abangasebenziyo kumzi mveliso, kodwa kuba oko bekungazukuphazamisa iTEPCO noRhulumente, kuba ukulandela loo mthetho kuya kufuna ukukhupha inani elingamkelekanga labantu abavela kwiindawo ebe Ungcoliswe yimitha yenyukliya, uRhulumente ngokulula utshintshile elo nani laya ku-20 Voila! Ingxaki isonjululwe.
Kodwa le ndlela iluncedo evumela i-TEPCO ukuba ingcolise amanzi angaphaya konxweme lwaseJapan (emva kwee-Olimpiki kunjalo) iya kujongela phantsi umoya weNtshayelelo yoMgaqo-siseko, ngakumbi amagama athi "Siyaqonda ukuba bonke abantu behlabathi banelungelo lokuhlala uxolo, ukungoyiki nokufuna. ” Ngokuka-Gavan McCormack, "NgoSeptemba ka-2017, i-TEPCO yavuma ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zamanzi agcinwe kwisiza saseFukushima zisaqulathe izinto ezinemitha ye-radioactive ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba asemthethweni, umzekelo, strontium, ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-100 kwinqanaba elivunyelweyo ngokusemthethweni."
Kukwakho nabasebenzi, abo "bahlawulwa ukuze baboniswe" kwimitha eFukushima Daiichi nakwezinye izityalo. “Kuhlawulwe ukuze kuvezwe” ngamazwi kaKenji HIGUCHI, intatheli yezithombe eyaziwayo baboniswa ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kushishino lwenyukliya amashumi eminyaka. Ukuze baphile ngaphandle koloyiko kunye nokuswela, abantu bafuna imeko yendalo esempilweni, iindawo ezisebenzayo ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nengeniso esisiseko okanye ubuncinci, kodwa "iigypsies zenyukliya" zaseJapan azonwabisi kwaphela. Isiqendu 14 sicacisa ukuba “Bonke abantu bayalingana phantsi komthetho kwaye akusayi kubakho lucalucalulo kwezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo ngenxa yobuhlanga, inkolo, isini, iwonga ekuhlaleni okanye imvelaphi yosapho.” Ukuphathwa gadalala kwabasebenzi baseFukushima Daiichi kubhalwe kakuhle nakwimithombo yeendaba, kodwa kuyaqhubeka. (Reuters, umzekelo, ivelise inani lezinto ezibhengeziweyo, ezinje nge Le).
Ucalucalulo lunceda ukuxhatshazwa. Nantsi lapho ubungqina ukuba "izandla eziqeshiweyo kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya azisengabalimi," kunjalo IBurakumin (okt, inzala yamaJapan abekwe amabala, njengamaDalits aseIndiya), amaKorea, abafuduki baseBrazil abazalelwa eJapan, nabanye ngokuchanekileyo "behlala kwimida yezoqoqosho". "Inkqubo yokuthintela umsebenzi wezandla kumandla enyukliya" "iyacalula kwaye iyingozi." U-Higuchi uthi "yonke le nkqubo isekwe kucalucalulo."
Ngokuhambelana neNqaku le-14, umthetho weNtetho yentiyo wapasiswa ngo-2016, kodwa awunamazinyo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunentiyo nxamnye nabantu abambalwa njengamaKorea kunye nama-Okinawans kufanele ukuba alukho mthethweni ngoku, kodwa ngalo mthetho ubuthathaka, urhulumente angaluvumela ukuba luqhubeke. Njengomlweli wamalungelo oluntu waseKorea uSHIN Sugok uthe, “Ukwanda kwentiyo ngakumaZainichi Koreans [okt, abafuduki kunye nenzala yabantu abavela kwiKoloniyali yamathanga] iya isiba mandundu. I-Intanethi inayo kuba ibhedi yentetho enentiyo ”.
Imeko yoBhubhane
Zombini i-9/11 zika-2001 kunye ne-3/11 yeentlekele zendalo zango-2011, zakhokelela ekwaphuleni umthetho. Ngoku, malunga neshumi leminyaka emva kwe-3/11, siphinda sibone ulwaphulo olunzima. Ngeli xesha zibangelwa bubhubhane, kwaye umntu unokuphikisa ukuba ayifanele inkcazo “yelizwe elahlukileyo.” (Kwimbali emfutshane ye "state of exception," kubandakanywa nendlela olwavela ngayo u-Reich wesithathu oneminyaka elishumi elinambini, yabona lo). NjengoNjingalwazi wamaLungelo oLuntu kunye neziFundo zoXolo uSaul Takahashi ba phi kisana ngoJuni 2020, “I-COVID-19 ingangqina ukuba inguTshintsho nje lomdlalo inkulumbuso yaseJapan ifuna ukutyhalela phambili kwi-ajenda yayo yokuhlaziya uMgaqo-siseko”. I-Elite ultranationalists kurhulumente bebexakekile emsebenzini bexhaphaza ingxaki ukuze bafumane inzuzo kwezopolitiko.
Imithetho emitsha, eguqukayo kunye nekhohlakeleyo yabekwa ngesiquphe kwinyanga ephelileyo. Kwakufuneka kubekho uphononongo olunzulu kunye nesigulana ziingcali kunye nengxoxo mpikiswano phakathi kwabemi, izifundiswa, amagqwetha, kunye namalungu okutya. Ngaphandle kothatho-nxaxheba kunye nengxoxo ebandakanya uluntu, amaJapan athile ayadana. Umzekelo, ividiyo yoqhankqalazo lwasesitalatweni inokujongwa Apha. Abanye baseJapan ngoku benza uluvo lwabo esidlangalaleni, ukuba abayamkeli indlela kaRhulumente yokuthintela ukugula nokukhusela abasesichengeni, okanye ku philisa ngaloo nto.
Ngoncedo lwengxubakaxaka yendyikitya yokufa, iJapan iyatyibilika kwaye ityibilika ukuya kwimigaqo-nkqubo enokwaphula iNqaku 21 loMgaqo-siseko. Ngoku ngo-2021, elo nqaku liphantse lavakala njengomgaqo othile ongaziwayo ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo: “Inkululeko yokuhlanganisana neyokudibana kunye nokuthetha, ukushicilela, nazo zonke ezinye iindlela zokuthetha ziqinisekisiwe. Akukho kugxothwa kuya kugcinwa, kwaye ukufihlwa kwayo nayiphi na indlela yonxibelelwano akuyi kwaphulwa. ”
Ukwahluka okutsha kwiNqaku 21 kunye (mis) nokwamkelwa kobunyani bayo kuqale kunyaka ophelileyo nge-14 kaMatshi, xa ukutya linike Inkulumbuso u-Abe “igunya elisemthethweni lokubhengeza 'imeko yonxunguphalo' ngenxa yobhubhane we-Covid-19”. Kwinyanga kamva walisebenzisa eli gunya litsha. Okulandelayo, Inkulumbuso uSUGA Yoshihide (umthetho ka-Abe) ubhengeze imeko yesibini engxamisekileyo eqale ukusebenza nge-8 kaJanuwari kulo nyaka. Unyanzelekile kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kufuneka "axele" isibhengezo sakhe kukutya. Unegunya, ngokusekwe kwisigqibo sakhe, sokuxela imeko yongxamiseko. Oku kufana nommiselo kwaye kunomphumo womthetho.
Umphengululi wezomthetho woMgaqo-siseko, u-TAJIMA Yasuhiko, uxoxe ngokungabikho komgaqo-siseko kwelo lizwe lokuqala lesibhengezo esingxamisekileyo kwinqaku elipapashwe ngomhla we-10 ku-Epreli kunyaka ophelileyo (kwiphephancwadi elinenkqubela phambili Shūkan Kin'yōbi, iphepha 12-13). Yena kunye nezinye iingcali kwezomthetho bawuchasile umthetho owanikezela eli gunya kwinkulumbuso. (Lo mthetho ubukho kuthethwa ngawo ukuya kuthi ga njengoMthetho weMilinganiselo eKhethekileyo ngesiNgesi; ngesiJapan I-Shingata infuruenza t taisaku tokubetsu sochi hō:).
Ke nge-3 kaFebruwari walo nyaka eminye imithetho emitsha ye-COVID-19 yayi kudlula ngesaziso esifutshane esinikwe uluntu. Phantsi kwalo mthetho, abaguli be-COVID-19 abala ukwalaliswa esibhedlele okanye abantu "abangasebenzisani namagosa ezempilo oluntu aqhuba uvavanyo losulelo okanye udliwanondlebe" ubuso izohlwayo ezifikelela kumakhulu amawaka een yen. Intloko yeziko lezempilo eTokyo lathi endaweni yokubahlawulisa abantu abangavumiyo ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kufanelekile meleza "iziko lezempilo kunye nenkqubo yeziko lonyango". Ngelixa ukugxila ngaphambili bekukwilungelo labagulayo lokufumana ukhathalelo lonyango, ngoku kuzakugxilwa kwizibophelelo zabagulayo lokwamkela ukhathalelo lonyango urhulumente alukhuthazayo okanye alwamkelayo. Iinguqu ezifanayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezempilo kunye neendlela zenzeka kumazwe aliqela kwihlabathi liphela. Kumazwi kaGiorgio Agamben, "ummi akasenalo 'ilungelo lezempilo' (ukhuseleko lwezempilo), kodwa endaweni yoko unyanzeleka ngokusemthethweni kwimpilo (ukukhusela izinto)” ("Ukhuseleko kunye nePolitiki," Siphi ngoku? Ubhubhane njengePolitiki, 2021). Urhulumente omnye kwinkululeko yenkululeko, uRhulumente waseJapan, ngokucacileyo unikezela ngokubaluleka kukhuseleko lwenkululeko. I-Biosecurity inokwandisa ukufikelela kwabo kunye nokunyusa amandla abo kubantu baseJapan.
Kumatyala apho abantu abagulayo abangathobeliyo bengasebenzisani, bekukho izicwangciso zokuqala "zokuvalelwa entolongweni ukuya kunyaka omnye okanye isohlwayo esifikelela kwisigidi se-yen (1 yeedola zaseMelika)," kodwa amanye amazwi kwiqela elilawulayo kunye namaqela aphikisayo Watsho ukuba ezohlwayo ziya kuba "nzima kakhulu", ke ezo zicwangciso zazinjalo iqwengwe. Kwabagcini bezinwele abangaphulukananga nobomi babo kwaye ngandlela thile besakwazi ukufumana umvuzo we-120,000 yen ngenyanga nangona kunjalo, isohlwayo samakhulu amawaka amawaka een yen sithathwa njengefanelekileyo.
Kwamanye amazwe, umgaqo-nkqubo we-COVID-19 ufikelele kwinqanaba apho kuye kwabhengezwa "imfazwe", imeko egqithileyo yokungafani, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa noorhulumente wenkululeko nolawulo lwentando yesininzi, imigaqo-siseko yaseJapan esandula ukumiselwa isenokubonakala ngathi ithambile. ECanada, umzekelo, umphathi-mkhosi ukhethwe ukuba aqondise Imfazwe kwintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2. "Bonke abahambi abangena kweli lizwe" bayacelwa ukuba bazihlukanise ngeentsuku ezili-14. Kwaye abo baphula umthetho wokuhlala bodwa banokuba njalo uhlwaywe ngesohlwayo esifikelela kwi "750,000 yeedola okanye inyanga ejele". Abantu baseKhanada banayo i-US emngceleni wabo, umda omde kakhulu nowayefudula ungena ngaphakathi, kwaye kunokuthiwa urhulumente waseKhanada uzama ukunqanda "isiphelo se-coronavirus sase-United States." Kodwa iJapan luhlanga lweziqithi apho imida ilawulwa ngokulula.
Ingakumbi phantsi kolawulo luka-Abe kodwa kuyo yonke iminyaka elishumi elinamashumi amabini (2011-2020), abalawuli baseJapan, ubukhulu becala i-LDP, batyhafile kuMgaqo-siseko woXolo wenkululeko, owenziwe ngo-1946 xa amaJapan esiva la mazwi, "Urhulumente waseJapan ubhengeza. Umgaqo-siseko wokuqala nokukuphela koxolo emhlabeni, oya kuthi uqinisekise ngamalungelo oluntu asisiseko abantu baseJapan ”(Umntu angabona imibhalo ebhaliweyo yesi saziso ngo-7: 55 Apha). Ngexesha lamashumi amabini aneshumi elivisayo, uluhlu lwamanqaku oluye lwaphulwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngaphaya kwamanqaku ekuxoxwe ngawo ngasentla (14 no-28), luza kubandakanya iNqaku lama-24 (lingana emtshatweni), inqaku lama-20 (Hlukana yecawa kunye nelizwe), kwaye ke, isithsaba sesithsaba ngokwembono yombutho woxolo wehlabathi, Isiqendu 9: "Bafuna ngokunyanisekileyo uxolo lwamazwe aphesheya olusekwe kubulungisa nocwangco, abantu baseJapan bayayilahla imfazwe njengelungelo lokuzimela lesizwe kunye nesoyikiso okanye ukusebenzisa amandla njengeendlela zokusombulula iimbambano zamanye amazwe. Ukufezekisa injongo yomhlathi owandulelayo, umhlaba, ulwandle, kunye nemikhosi yomoya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubakho emfazweni, ngekhe zigcinwe. Ilungelo lokulwa ilizwe ngurhulumente aliyi kwamkelwa. ”
Japhan? Idemokhrasi noxolo?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uMgaqo-siseko ngokwawo usenokuba ujonge isilayidi kulawulo lobuzwilakhe yinkulumbuso ye-ultranationalist u-Abe noSuga. Kodwa xa ubani ethathela ingqalelo le minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo yokwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko, emva kwentlekele enkulu yokugqibela ye-3/11 kunye neFukushima Daiichi, umntu ubona ngokucacileyo ukuba igunya "lomgaqo-siseko wokuqala kunye nokuphela kolawulo emhlabeni" bewuhlaselwa iminyaka emininzi. Abona babalaseleyo phakathi kwabahlaseli ibe zii-ultranationalists kwiLiberal Democratic Party (i-LDP). Kumgaqo-siseko omtsha ababewuyile ngo-Epreli 2012, babebonakala ngathi banombono wokuphela “kwelinge laseJapan lolawulo lwentando yesininzi,” ngokutsho kunjingalwazi wezomthetho uLawrence Repeta.
I-LDP inombono omkhulu kwaye ayenzi mfihlo kuyo. Ngombono omkhulu ngo-2013 uRepeta wenza uluhlu “lwezindululo ezilishumi ezinobungozi kwi-LDP zotshintsho lomgaqo-siseko”: ukwala ukugqalwa kwamalungelo abantu; ukuphakanyiswa kolondolozo “loluntu” ngaphezulu kwawo onke amalungelo abantu; ukuphelisa ukukhuselwa kwentetho ekhululekile kwimisebenzi "ngenjongo yokonakalisa umdla woluntu okanye ucwangco loluntu, okanye ukudibana nabanye ngezo njongo"; ukucima isiqinisekiso esibanzi sawo onke amalungelo omgaqo-siseko; uhlaselo "lomntu" njengenjongo yamalungelo oluntu; imisebenzi emitsha yabantu; kuthintela inkululeko yamaphephandaba kunye nabagxeki bakarhulumente ngokuthintela "ukufumana ngokungafanelekanga, ukufumana kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi olunxulumene nomntu"; ukunika inkulumbuso amandla amatsha okubhengeza "imeko zonxunguphalo" xa urhulumente enokumisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zomgaqo-siseko; utshintsho kwi inqaku lesithoba; nokuthomalalisa umqobo kwizilungiso zomgaqo-siseko. (Amagama aphindaphindiweyo; amagama am akekeleyo).
U-Repeta wabhala ngo-2013 esithi loo nyaka “wawungumzuzu obalulekileyo kwimbali yase Japan.” Owe-2020 usenokuba ngomnye umzuzu obalulekileyo, njengoko iingcinga ezinamandla kurhulumente zokungakhuseleki kunye ne-oligarchy yokuxhobisa "amazwe okhethekileyo" yathatha iingcambu. Kuya kufuneka sicingisise ngemeko ye-Japan kwi-2021, nayo, njengesiqhelo, kwaye uthelekise utshintsho lwayo lwezomthetho olunamandla nakwamanye amazwe. Isithandi sobulumko uGiorgio Agamben wasilumkisa ngemeko eyahlukileyo ngo-2005, ebhala esithi “ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwanamhlanje lungachazwa njengokusekwa kwemfazwe yamakhaya esemthethweni evumela ukupheliswa komzimba kungekuphela kwabachasi bezopolitiko. kodwa ngokwamacandelo onke abemi abathi ngesizathu esithile abanakudityaniswa kwinkqubo yezopolitiko… Ukudala ngokuzithandela imeko engxamisekileyo engxamisekileyo… iye yaba yenye yeendlela ezenziwayo kwilizwe langoku, kuquka nalawo abizwa ngokuba ngawentando yesininzi. ” (Kwisahluko 1 "Imeko yokuNgafani neParadigm kaRhulumente" yakhe Imeko yokuKhululeka, 2005, iphepha 2).
Oku kulandelayo zezinye zeenkcazo zeJapan namhlanje zizifundiswa ezaziwayo zoluntu kunye namatshantliziyo: “ilizwe 'elinamalungelo agqithisileyo', lixhomekeke 'kubuFascism bokungakhathali' apho abavoti baseJapan banjengamasele afudumeza kancinci amanzi obuFascist, engasekho mthetho- ilawulwa okanye idemokhrasi kodwa isiya phambili ukuba 'luluntu olumnyama kunye noburhulumente bobuzwilakhe,' apho 'urhwaphilizo olusisiseko lwezopolitiko' lusasazeka kuyo yonke indawo yoluntu lwaseJapan, njengoko iqala 'ukwehla okuthe chu ukuya ekuweni kwempucuko' ”. Ayisiwo umzobo owonwabileyo.
Ukuthetha ngeendlela zehlabathi, uChris Gilbert unayo Bha liweyo ukuba “uluntu lwethu oluye luthotywa ngumdla kwidemokhrasi lunokucaca ngokukodwa ngexesha lengxubakaxaka eqhubekayo kaCovid, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo libandakanye ukusithwa kwelanga yimo yolawulo lwentando yesininzi”. Ewe kunjalo naseJapan. Amazwe okhethekileyo, imithetho yedraconia, ukunqunyanyiswa kolawulo lomthetho, njl wathi kwinani ledemokhrasi yenkululeko. EJamani entlakohlaza ophelileyo, umzekelo, enye inokuba njalo kuhlawulwa ukuthenga incwadi kwivenkile ethengisa iincwadi, ukuya kwibala lokudlala, ukunxibelelana nomntu esidlangalaleni ongelilo ilungu losapho lwakho, ukusondela kwi-1.5 yeemitha komnye umntu emile emgceni, okanye ukusika iinwele zomhlobo wakho eyadini yakhe.
Ubundlobongela, ubuhlanga, ubukhoboka, ubufazi, i-ecocidal, i-monarchical, kunye ne-ultranationalist imikhwa inokuqiniswa yimigaqo-nkqubo ye-COVID-19, kwaye ezo ziya kukhawulezisa ukuwa kwempucuko ngalo mzuzu kwimbali, xa kufuneka sihlale sisazi ukuba sijongile, ngaphezu kwako konke, izoyikiso ezibini ezikhoyo: imfazwe yenyukliya kunye nokufudumala komhlaba. Ukuphelisa ezi zoyikiso, sidinga ubunyani, ubumbano, ukhuseleko, inkululeko yoluntu, idemokhrasi, kwaye kunjalo, impilo kunye nokhuselo olomeleleyo. Akufuneki sibeke ecaleni iinkolelo zethu eziqhubela phambili kwaye sivumele oorhulumente ukuba bashenxise imigaqo-nkqubo engalunganga yoxolo-kunye namalungelo oluntu. AmaJapan kunye nabanye abantu kwihlabathi liphela bafuna uMgaqo-siseko woXolo owahlukileyo waseJapan ngoku kunakuqala, kwaye yinto ekufuneka ilingisiwe kwaye icaciswe kwihlabathi liphela.
Konke oku kukuthi, ukulandela UTomoyuki Sasaki, "uMgaqo-siseko kufuneka ukhuselwe". Ngethamsanqa, uninzi oluncinci kodwa uninzi luyafana, amaJapan asawuxabisa umgaqo-siseko wabo kwaye phikisa uhlaziyo olucetywayo lwe-LDP.
Enkosi kakhulu ku-Olivier Clarinval ngokuphendula imibuzo eliqela malunga nokuba imigaqo-nkqubo yezempilo karhulumente yangoku kwi-Global North iyisongela njani idemokhrasi.
UJoseph Essertier unjingalwazi onxulumene neNagoya Institute of Technology eJapan.
