NguDavid Swanson
Imfazwe ekhokelwa yi-NATO yase-US e-Afghanistan ihlale ixesha elide begqibe ekubeni bayinike igama elitsha, babhengeze imfazwe yakudala, kwaye babhengeze imfazwe entsha kraca ukuba baya kuyithanda.
Imfazwe ngoku iqhubekile ngokubambisana kwe-US kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-US kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, kunye neMfazwe yaseKorea, kunye neMfazwe yaseMerika yaseSpeyin, kunye nexesha elide lemfazwe yase-US ePhilippines, kunye kunye ubude beMfazwe yaseMexico yaseMelika.
Ngoku, ezinye zezo mfazwe zifezekisile izinto, ndizakuvuma-njengokuba isiqingatha seMexico. Iphumeze ntoni i-Operation Freedom's Sentinel, eyayisaziwa njenge-Operation Enduring Freedom, ngaphandle kokunyamezela nokunyamezelana nokufikelela kwinqanaba apho sidinwe ngokwaneleyo ukuba singalihoyi igama elitsha njengo-Orwellian njengo-Sentinel weNkululeko (yintoni- yayingu “Sigqila soKhuseleko” sele ithathiwe)?
Ewe, ngokuka-Mongameli u-Obama, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-13 yokuqhushumisa nokuhlala e-Afghanistan kusenze sakhuseleka. Oko kubonakala ngathi ibango umntu kufuneka acele ubungqina ngalo. Urhulumente wase-US uchithe phantse i-trillion yeedola kule mfazwe, kunye ne-13 yezigidigidi zeedola kwinkcitho esemgangathweni yemikhosi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-13, inqanaba lenkcitho lenyuke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa le mfazwe kunye neemfazwe ezinxulumene noko njengesizathu. Amashumi ezigidi zeedola angaphela yindlala emhlabeni, anike umhlaba ngamanzi acocekileyo, njl.njl. Singasindisa ubomi bezigidi kwaye sikhethe ukubulala amawaka endaweni yoko. Imfazwe ibingumonakalisi okhokelayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Siphose inkululeko yethu yoluntu ngaphandle kwefestile ngegama "lenkululeko." Sivelise izixhobo ezininzi kangangokuba kuye kwafuneka zitshintshelwe kumasebe amapolisa endawo, neziphumo eziqikelelweyo. Ibango lokuba into entle ifikile kwaye iza kwaye iya kuqhubeka ukuza iminyaka emininzi ezayo kule mfazwe kufanelekile ukuba ijonge kuyo.
Sukujonga ngokusondeleyo. I-CIA fu maneka ukuba icandelo eliphambili lemfazwe (ekubulaweni kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo - "ukubulala" kukuthi labo ilizwi) ayiyiphumeli. Ngaphambi kokuba umdlali omkhulu uFred Branfman afe ngaloo nyaka waqokelela ixesha elide uluhlu kweengxelo zamalungu oorhulumente wase-US kunye nemikhosi yempi ichaza into efanayo. Ukuba ukubulala abantu abane-drones kuncama ukunyusa abahlobo kunye neentsapho zabo, ukuvelisa iintshaba ezininzi kunokugqithisa, kunokuba lula ukuqonda emva kokufunda uphando olutsha fu maneka ukuba xa i-US ijolise umntu ekubulaleni, ibulala abantu abongezelelekileyo abangama-27 apha endleleni. Ngokubanzi uStanley McChrystal uthe xa ubulala umntu omsulwa udala iintshaba ezili-10. Andinguye isazi semathematika, kodwa ndicinga ukuba iza malunga neentshaba ezingama-270 ezenziweyo ngalo lonke ixesha umntu efakwa kuluhlu lokubulala, okanye ezingama-280 ukuba umntu ukho okanye ukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba umsulwa (kwinto engacacanga gca).
Le mfazwe ayinabungozi ngokwemiqathango yayo. Kodwa ngawaphi loo magama? Ngokwesiqhelo sisibhengezo sempindezelo ekhohlakeleyo kunye nokugwetywa kolawulo lomthetho-nangona benxibe ngathi kuvakala ngathi yinto ehlonitshwayo. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula apha ukuba konke oku kwaqala njani. I-United States, iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kuka-Septemba 11, 2001, yayiye yacela amaTaliban ukuba ajike u-Osama bin Laden. I-Taliban yacela ubungqina benetyala lalo naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuzibophelela ukumzama kwilizwe lesithathu elingathathi cala ngaphandle kwesigwebo sentambo. Oku kuqhubekile kwade kwango-Okthobha ka-2001. (Jonga, umzekelo, "uBush Wala Isibonelelo seTaliban ku-Bin Laden Over" Guardian, Ngo-Okthobha 14, 2001.) I-Taliban ikwalumkise i-United States ukuba u-Bin Laden uceba ukuhlasela umhlaba wase-US (oku ngokwe-BBC). Owayengu-Nobhala Wezangaphandle wase-Pakistani u-Niaz Naik uxelele i-BBC ukuba amagosa aphezulu e-US amxelele kwindibano exhaswe yi-UN eBerlin ngoJulayi 2001 ukuba i-United States izakuthatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene neTaliban phakathi ku-Okthobha. Uthe akuthandabuzeki ukuba ukunikezela kukaBin Laden kungazitshintsha ezo zicwangciso. Xa i-United States yahlasela i-Afghanistan ngo-Okthobha 7, 2001, i-Taliban yaphinda yacela ukuba ixoxisane ngokunikezela ngo-bin Laden kwilizwe lesithathu ukuba lizanywe. I-United States yasikhaba eso sibonelelo kwaye yaqhubeka nemfazwe e-Afghanistan iminyaka emininzi, ingayimisi xa u-bin Laden ekholelwa ukuba ulishiyile ilizwe, kwaye engade ayimise emva kokubhengeza ukusweleka kuka-bin Laden.
Ngoko, ngokuchasene nomthetho, i-United States kunye neenkcukacha zayo zenze i-spree-long-spree ebulawe yirekhodi engaphendulwayo kunye novavanyo kwi-2001 okanye ngokungabikho mkhosi kwaye iqeqeshe iBaden kunye nabahlobo bayo kwi-1980 okanye ngokungalokhe wakuchukumisa iSoviet Union ukuba ihlasele okanye ingazange iqalise iMfazwe yamaCold, njl.
Ukuba le mfazwe ayilufezekisanga ukhuseleko- nge ukuvota kwihlabathi lonke ukufumana iUnited States ngoku ijongwa njengesoyikiso esikhulu kuxolo lwehlabathi- ingaba ikwenzile enye into? Ingayiyo. Okanye mhlawumbi isenakho-ngakumbi ukuba iphelile kwaye kutshutshiswe njengolwaphulo-mthetho. Into enokwenziwa yile mfazwe kukususa ngokupheleleyo umahluko phakathi kwemfazwe kunye ne-CIA kunye ne-White House ekubiza oko bakwenzayo kwiingxelo zabo kwaye memos zomthetho: ku bulala.
Iphephandaba laseJamani litsho nje ishicilelwe Uluhlu lokubulala lwe-NATO-uluhlu olufana nolo luka-Mongameli u-Obama-lwabantu abajolise ekubulaweni. Kuluhlu ngamagosa akwinqanaba elisezantsi, kunye nabathengisi beziyobisi abangalwiyo. Ngokwenene sikuthathile ukuvalelwa kunye nokungcungcutheka okuhamba nazo kunye nezimangalo zomthetho kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha kunye nokuhlelwa kwezandla ngokuhlelwa kokubulala.
Kutheni le nto ukubulala kufuneka kwamkelekile ngaphezu kokuvalelwa nokuvalelwa? Kakhulu ndicinga ukuba sixhomekeke kwimizila yesiko kudala lafa lisaphila njengeentsomi. Imfazwe - esingenangqondo yokucinga ukuba ibisoloko ikho kwaye iya kuhlala ikhona- khange isetyenziselwe ukubonakala ngathi iyenzeka namhlanje. Kwakungasetyenziswanga ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abafileyo babengengomlo. Sisathetha “ngeendawo zokulwa,” kodwa zisetyenziselwa ukuba zizinto ezinjalo. Kwahlelwa iimfazwe kwaye zacwangciswa njengemidlalo yezemidlalo. Imikhosi yamandulo yamaGrike yayinokumisa iintente ecaleni kotshaba ngaphandle koloyiko lokuhlaselwa ngesiquphe. AbaseSpain kunye namaMoor baxoxisana ngemihla yokulwa. AmaIndiya aseCalifornia asebenzisa iintolo ezichanekileyo xa zizingela kodwa iintolo ngaphandle kweentsiba kwimfazwe yesiqhelo. Imbali yomlo yenye yesiko kunye nentlonipho "kumchasi ofanelekileyo" UGeorge Washington angangena kwi-Bhritane, okanye kwi-Hesse, kwaye ababulale ngobusuku beKrisimesi hayi kuba kungekho mntu wakha wacinga ukuwela iDelaware ngaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yayingeyonto ayenzileyo umntu.
Ewe, ngoku kunjalo. Kwaliwa iimfazwe kwiidolophu neelali zabantu. Iimfazwe zibulala kwizinga elikhulu. Kwaye indlela ethile eyenziwe e-Afghanistan nasePakistan ngumkhosi wase-US kunye ne-CIA inethuba elinokubakho lokujonga njengokubulala kuninzi lwabantu. Ngamana oko kungasikhuthaza ukuba siyiphelise. Ngamana singazimisela ukungakuvumeli oku kuqhubeke kwesinye ishumi leminyaka okanye omnye unyaka okanye enye inyanga. Ngamana singangabandakanyeki ekuzithetheni ngokubulala abantu abaninzi njengoko kuphelile ngenxa yokuba umbulali unike ulwaphulo-mthetho igama elitsha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngabafileyo kuphela ababone ukuphela kwemfazwe e-Afghanistan.
