NguKathy Kelly
Kwimpelaveki ephelileyo, malunga ne-100 yamaVetera oXolo ase-US ahlanganisene eRed Wing, eMinnesota, kwintlanganiso yonyaka yelizwe lonke. Kumava am, Amapolisa Oxolo Izahluko zineziganeko “ezingento yanto”. Nokuba badibana nomsebenzi wasekhaya, welizwe lonke, wengingqi okanye wesizwe, iVeterans iprojekthi yenjongo eyomeleleyo. Bafuna ukudiliza uqoqosho lwemfazwe kwaye basebenze ukuphelisa zonke iimfazwe. Abantu baseMinnesota, uninzi lwabo bengabahlobo bakudala, bahlanganisana kwindawo ebanzi yebhadi yasemaphandleni. Emva kokuba abaququzeleli besamkelwe ngobubele, abathathi-nxaxheba baye bazinza ukuze babambe umxholo walo nyaka: “IMfazwe kwiMozulu Yethu.”
Bamema UGqr. James Hansen, Unjingalwazi we-Adjunct kwi-Earth Institute yeYunivesithi yase-Columbia, ukuthetha nge-Skype malunga nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "nguyise wokufudumala kwehlabathi", uGqr. Hansen uye wakhalisa i-alamu amashumi eminyaka kunye neengqikelelo ezichanekileyo malunga nefuthe lokukhutshwa kwe-fossil fuel. Ngoku ukhankasela isigaba esisebenzayo kwezoqoqosho sokukhupha amafutha efosili ngokumisela imirhumo yekhabhoni kwimithombo yokukhutshwa kunye nezabelo ezibuyiselwe ngokulinganayo kuluntu.
UGqr. Hansen unombono wokudala inkuthazo yentengiso enzulu koosomashishini ukuba baphuhlise amandla kunye neemveliso ezinekhabhoni ephantsi kwaye ezingenakhabhoni. “Abo bafikelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwikhabhoni ukusetyenziswa kuya kuvuna inzuzo enkulu. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba indlela enjalo inokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yase-US ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha kwiminyaka engama-20 - kwaye idale imisebenzi emitsha ezizigidi ezi-3 kule nkqubo. "
Ehlab’ ikhwelo kubantu abadala ukuba babakhathalele abantu abaselula nangezizukulwana ezizayo, uGqr. Le ndlela iyasilela ekwenzeni amafutha efosili ahlawule iindleko zawo kuluntu, “ngaloo ndlela ukuvumela ukuba umlutha wefosili uqhubeke nokukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ‘yokubhola, yomntwana,’ ukuze kufunyanwe yonke ifosili efumanekayo.”
Ukwenza amafutha efosili “ahlawule iindleko zawo ngokupheleleyo” kuya kuthetha ukumisela imirhumo yokuhlawula iindleko ezibekwa ngabangcolisi kuluntu ngokutshiswa kwamalahle, i-oyile negesi. Xa abantu bendawo begula kwaye bebulawa kungcoliseko lomoya, kwaye balamba yimbalela okanye ukubethwa okanye ukurhaxwa zizivunguvungu eziqhutywa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, iindleko zonyuka koorhulumente ekufuneka amashishini azibuyise.
Zeziphi iindleko zokwenyani kuluntu lwamafutha efosili? Ngokophononongo lwakutshanje lweNgxowa-mali yeHlabathi (i-IMF), iinkampani zamafutha efosili ziyaxhamla kulo inkxaso-mali yehlabathi ye-$5.3tn (£3.4tn) ngonyaka, $10 lezigidi ngomzuzu, ngomzuzu ngamnye, suku ngalunye.
Guardian Iingxelo ukuba i-5.3tn yenkxaso-mali eqikelelwa ngo-2015 inkulu kunenkcitho yezempilo iyonke yabo bonke oorhulumente behlabathi.
UGqr. Hansen waqala intetho yakhe ngokuqaphela ukuba, ngokwembali, amandla abaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni umsebenzi wamakhoboka. Ukholelwa ukuba amandla athile avela kumandla enyukliya ngoku ayimfuneko kumazwe anjenge China neIndiya ukuba akhuphe inkitha yabantu bawo kubuhlwempu. Abaninzi abagxeki bachasa ngamandla kwikhwelo likaGqr. Hansen lokuthembela kumandla enyukliya, ekhankanya iingozi zokusasazeka kwemitha, iingozi, kunye nengxaki ekugcinweni kwenkunkuma yenyukliya, ngakumbi xa inkunkuma eqhumayo igcinwa kwiindawo apho abantu bengenalo ulawulo okanye ifuthe elincinane kubantu abaphezulu abathatha isigqibo sokuba bangayithumela phi inkunkuma. inkunkuma yenyukliya.
Abanye abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi “amandla enyukliya ayingozi kakhulu, yaye ngokoqobo, libiza kakhulu ukuba ithathwe njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yepotfoliyo yamandla angemva kwekhabhoni.”
Intatheli kunye netshantliziyo uGeorge Monbiot, umbhali wencwadi-ubude besiphakamiso sokutshintsha kwemozulu, Ukushisa, iphawula ukuba amandla enyukliya atyekele ekubekeni engozini “abanobutyebi” “nokungabikho” ngokulinganayo. Ezona ziphumo zikhawulezileyo zamandla amalahle, kunye neengxwelerha zembali ngokucacileyo ezidlula ezo zenyukliya, zinxulunyaniswa nemimandla yemigodi nemizi-mveliso ehlaliswa ngabantu abalindeleke ukuba bahleleleke ngokwezoqoqosho okanye abahlwempuzekileyo.
Ukuwohloka koluntu oluqhutywa yimozulu kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwaye okokugqibela ngezityalo zenyukliya ezixhomekeke kwigridi ezilungele ukunyibilika ekutshixekeni koqoqosho lwethu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba izixhobo zethu ezizezona zinzima - uninzi lwazo zikwayinyukliya - zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo ukunceda abantu ababalaseleyo ukulawula uhlobo lweziphithiphithi zezopolitiko apho intlupheko kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kuqhubela uluntu. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuba asikwazi ukuyicothisa, ayithembisi nje intlupheko kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili, kodwa kunye nemfazwe - kwinqanaba, kunye nezixhobo, ezinokuba zibi kakhulu kuneengozi ezibangelwa kukhetho lwethu lwamandla. Iingxaki zomkhosi womhlaba, ukuwohloka kwemozulu, kunye nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho okuthwaxa abantu abangathathi ntweni.
UGqr. Hansen ucinga ukuba urhulumente waseTshayina kunye noosonzululwazi baseTshayina bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezizezinye ukuze bavelise ezinye izinto ezinokusetyenziswa kumafutha efosili, kuquka amandla enyukliya. Uphawula ukuba i-China ijongene nethuba elibi lokuphulukana nezixeko eziselunxwemeni ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuqhekeka kwamashiti omkhenkce.
Ezona zithintelo zinkulu kwisisombululo sokukhotyokiswa kwamafutha efosili kumazwe amaninzi kukho impembelelo yoshishino lwamafutha eefosili koosopolitiki namajelo eendaba kunye nembono yexesha elifutshane yabezobupolitika. Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ubunkokeli obuhambisa ihlabathi kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo bunokuthi buvele e-China, apho iinkokeli zizityebi kuqeqesho lobugcisa kunye nesayensi kwaye zilawula isizwe esinembali yokuthatha umbono omde. Nangona ukukhutshwa kwe-CO yaseChina kuye kwanda ngaphezu kwezo zezinye izizwe, i-China inezizathu zokuphuma kwi-fossil track fuel ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-China inamakhulu aliqela ezigidi zabantu abahlala kumphakamo weemitha ezingama-25 kumphakamo wolwandle, kwaye ilizwe lijamelene nentlungu engathethekiyo ngenxa yembalela, izikhukula, kunye nezaqhwithi eziya kukhapha ukuqhubeka kobushushu behlabathi. I-China ikwaqaphela ukufaneleka kokuphepha ukukhotyokiswa kwamafutha efosili xa kuthelekiswa nelase-United States. Ke ngoko i-China sele iyinkokeli yehlabathi kuphuhliso lokuthotyelwa kwamandla, amandla avuselelekayo, kunye namandla enyukliya.
Yintoni engekhoyo kulo mfanekiso? AmaVeteran oXolo akholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ekupheliseni zonke iimfazwe. Ukuqinisa ukunganyangeki ukulwa nemfazwe kunokulungisa kakhulu impembelelo yemikhosi yehlabathi, ngakumbi umkhosi omkhulu wase-US, kwimozulu yehlabathi. Ukuze kukhuselwe ukufikelela kunye nolawulo lwehlabathi lwamafutha e-fossil, umkhosi wase-US utshisa imilambo yeoli, uchitha amathemba ezizukulwana ezizayo egameni lokubulala kunye nokwenzakalisa abantu bemimandla i-US iye yangena kwiimfazwe eziphazamisayo zokuzikhethela, eziphela isiphithiphithi.
Urhwaphilizo lwemekobume yehlabathi kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwemithombo engenakubuyiselwa yindlela eqiniseke ngokulinganayo, ukuba iyalibaziseka ngakumbi, indlela yokudala isiphithiphithi nokufa ngobuninzi. Ukulahlekiswa kobutyebi bezoqoqosho, amandla afunekayo okuvelisa abantu, sesinye. Abaphandi kwi YeTshintsho lweeHlabathi fumanisa ukuba "i-3 yezigidigidi zeedola ezichithwe kwimfazwe echasene ne-Iraq iya kugubungela lonke utyalo-mali lwehlabathi kumbane ovuselelweyo ofunekayo phakathi kwangoku kunye no-2030 ukubuyisela ukufudumala kwehlabathi."
UJohn Lawrence ubhala ukuba "I-United States inegalelo elingaphezu kwama-30% eegesi zokufudumala kwehlabathi kwiatmosfera, uveliswa sisi-5% sabemi behlabathi. Kwangaxeshanye inkxaso-mali yemfundo, amandla, imekobume, iinkonzo zentlalontle, izindlu nokudala amathuba emisebenzi emitsha, xa ihlanganiswa, ingaphantsi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi.” Ndiyakholelwa ukuba "ikhabhoni ephantsi" kunye "nokungabikho carbon" amandla kunye nokusebenza kwamandla kufuneka kuhlawulwe ngokuphelisa imfazwe. ULawrence unelungelo lokunyanzelisa ukuba i-US kufuneka ijonge iingxaki kunye neengxabano ezidalwe lutshintsho lwemozulu "njengamathuba okusebenza kunye nezinye izizwe ukunciphisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemiphumo yazo." Kodwa impambano yokoyisa kufuneka iphele ngaphambi kokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo onjalo ube nokwenzeka.
Ngelishwa, ngelishwa, amagqala amaninzi ase-US aqonda ngokupheleleyo iindleko zemfazwe. Ndibuze iVeteran yase-US yoXolo ehlala eMankato, MN, malunga nempilo yaMagqala eMfazwe ase-Iraq. Undixelele ukuba ngo-Epreli, iinkokeli zabafundi baseMelika kwiKhampasi yaseMankato yaseMinnesota, zichithe iintsuku ezingama-22 ziqokelelana mihla le, imvula okanye ilanga, ukuze zidlale. 22 push-IUPS ngokuthathela ingqalelo amagqala omzabalazo angama-22 ngosuku - phantse iyure enye - azibulalayo ngoku e-US Bamema uluntu lommandla waseMankato ukuba beze ekhampasini kwaye benze iipushups kunye nabo.
Eli lixesha lembali, elizisa isaqhwithi esigqibeleleyo semiceli mngeni ekusindeni kweentlobo zethu, isaqhwithi esingenako ukumelana nemozulu ngaphandle “kwazo zonke izandla kumgangatho.” Nabani na ofikayo ukuza kusebenza ecaleni kwethu, yaye nangona efika ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na, sinemithwalo enzima yokwabelana nabanye abaninzi abasele beyiphakamisa kangangoko banako, abanye bethabatha eyabo ngokuthanda, abanye bethwele imithwalo engaphaya kokunyamezela ziinkosi ezibawayo. Amagqala oXolo asebenzela ukusindisa inqanawa kunokulinda ukuba izike.
Uninzi lwethu aluzange lunyamezele ukoyikeka okuqhuba amagqala angama-22 ngosuku, kunye namahlwempu amaninzi kwimimandla yehlabathi apho ubukhosi base-US buchukumise, ukuya kwisenzo sokugqibela sokuphelelwa lithemba. Ndingathanda ukucinga ukuba singaphakamisa amathemba kwaye mhlawumbi sizise intuthuzelo kwabo basijikelezileyo ngokwabelana kakhulu ngezibonelelo, siphephe ukongamela, kwaye sifunde ukujoyina abanye abakhaliphileyo kumsebenzi okhoyo.
Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala kwiTelesur IsiNgesi.
Kathy Kelly (kathy@vcnv.org) uququzelele iiNyunithi zoLwazi lokuShatshazwa koLuntu (www.vcnv.org)
