nguDenise Oliver Velez, uJanuwari 21, 2018, Daily Kos.
Inqwaba yezixhobo zeengqungquthela kunye neengxowa zemifumba kwisiqithi saseVique, ePuerto Rico (Attribution, Al Jazeera.)
Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba inxalenye ehleliweyo yaseUnited States yaseMelika yayisetyenziswe njengendawo yokudlala imidlalo yemfazwe kunye nebhodi lokuqhuma ibhokhwe iminyaka emininzi. Le nto yayiyiyo yabahlali beziqithi Vieques kwaye Culebra, oomasipala be-US intsimi yasePuerto Rico, abemi bawo bangabantu base-US.
Ngo-Okthobha 19, 1999, irhuluneli yasePuerto Rico, UPedro Rosselló wangqina ngaphambi kokuba Iindaba zeeNkundla zeeNkonzo zeeNkundla zaseMelika waza wagqiba amazwi akhe anamandla ngala magama:
Thina, bantu basePuerto Rico, asililo iqela lokuqala labemi baseMelika abaphumelele kwisikolo sedemokhrasi sokungqongqoza nzima kwaye bafunda eso sifundo sibuhlungu. Mnu. Sihlalo, sinqwenelela okuhle uMkhosi wethu wamaNqanawa. Siyabuthanda ubuchule bayo.Siyabamkela njengommelwane wethu. Siyazingca kakhulu ngamawaka ngamawaka abantu basePuerto Rico abaye baphendula ikhwelo labo lokunceda ukukhusela injongo yenkululeko kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba uluvo lwam kwabelwana ngalo uninzi lwabantu basePuerto Ricans kuyo yonke indawo, kubandakanya neVique. Andiqinisekanga kangako, nangona kunjalo, ukuba thina, bantu basePuerto Rico, siphumelele kwi-colonial passivity. Akusayi kuphinda sinyamezele ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kobukhulu kunye nobubanzi obuthandwayo ekungekho ndawo kuyo nakweyiphi na ye-50 ithi iya kucelwa ukuba inyamezele.
Asiyi kubuya sinyamezela ukusetyenziswa kakubi okunjalo. Akukho kwi-60 iminyaka, kungekhona kwiinyanga ze-60, okanye iintsuku ze-60, iiyure ze-60, okanye imizuzu ye-60. Oku kungaba yinkalo yeklasi yokwenza ngokuthe ngqo. Kwaye thina bantu basePuerto Rico siye sazinzela amandla ukuxhasa imbangela efanelekileyo.
KuThixo sithemba, sithembele kuThixo, siya kubona ukuba abamelwane bethu baseVique bayabasikelela ekugqibeleni ngesithembiso saseMelika sokuphila, inkululeko kunye nokufuna ulonwabo.
Uqhanqalazo lwaphelisa imidlalo yemfazwe eCulebra kwi1975, kodwa imisebenzi yasemkhosini yaqhubeka eVique de kwango-Meyi 1, 2003.
Vieques, Culebra, nasePuerto Rico baphinde baphathwe kakubi. Ngeli xesha, abazange bhoxiswe ngumkhosi waseMelika. Kunoko, bahlaselwa iindlovu ezise-Irma noMaria, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwindlela yokunyanzelisa uhulumeni wase-US ophethwe nguDonald Trump.
Ukunikezelwa kwenkcazo ebushushu bePuerto Rico ngamaphephandaba ethu amakhulu, ukungaphumeleli kokubeka okokubakho kwimiba yembali, kunye nokuntuleka kwemfundo malunga nePuerto Rico kunye nePuerto Rican ngembali apha kwilizwe, namhlanje siya kujonga Vieques-idlulileyo, ikhoyo kunye nekamva layo.
Kwividiyo engentla, uRobert Rabin unika imbali emfutshane yeVique.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba iVique yaqala ukuhlalwa ngabantu baseMelika abavela eMzantsi Melika malunga neminyaka eyi-1500 ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus angene ePuerto Rico ngo-1493. Emva kwemfazwe emfutshane phakathi kwamaNdiya aseSpain kunye namaSpanish, amaSpanish alawula isiqithi, ajika abahlali kumakhoboka abo. Ngo-1811, uDon Salvador Melendez, owayengu rhuluneli wasePuerto Rico, wathumela umphathi-mkhosi uJuan Rosello ukuba aqale into eyathi emva koko yathatha iVique ngabantu basePuerto Rico. Kwi-1816, iVique yatyelelwa nguSimón Bolívar. UTeofilo Jose Jaime Maria Gillou, owaziwa njengomsunguli weVique njengedolophu, wafika kwi-1823, ephawula ixesha lotshintsho lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo kwisiqithi saseVique
Ngengxenye yesibini yekhulu le-19X, iVique yafumana amawaka abemi abamnyama abaza ukuza kuncedisa isityalo soshukela. Abanye babo beza kuba ngamakhoboka, kwaye abanye beza beza bona bafumane imali eyongezelelweyo. Uninzi lwabo lwaluvela kwiziqithi ezikufuphi zaseSt. Thomas, iNevis, iStt Kitts, iStro Croix kunye namanye amazwe aseCaribbean.
Ngexesha le-1940 i-Military United States yathengisa i-60% yomhlaba we-Vieques kuquka iifama kunye nezityalo zentshukela ezivela kubemi, abaye bahlala bengenazo iinketho zengqesho kwaye baninzi baphoqeleka ukuba baye emaphandleni ePuerto Rico naseSt. Croix ukuba bajonge kumakhaya nemisebenzi. Emva koko, imikhosi yaseUnited States isebenzisa iVique njengezizathu zokuvavanya amabhomu, izixhobo kunye nezinye izixhobo
Uninzi lwenu lubone imifanekiso yasemkhosini yaseMelika ibonisa ukuqhushumba "kotshaba." Nangona kunjalo, le kliphu ibonisa ukuqhuma kweVique ngexesha le "imidlalo yemfazwe," ehlala esebenzisa kuhlala i-ammo. "KwiVique, i-Navy iqhubela i-North Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Centre, enye yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo yokuqeqesha izixhobo emhlabeni."
60 Imizuzu (jonga ividiyo edibeneyo) wenze into ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Iibhombu zeebhombu. "
IViqueque ihlala yindawo ethe cwaka. Ngaphandle konxweme lwasePuerto Rico olusempuma, sisiqithi esincinci esinabemi abangama-9,000, uninzi lwabemi baseMelika.
Kodwa konke akukho luxolo: Umkhosi wamanzi uneesibini kwisithathu sesi siqithi kwaye kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo ibisebenzisa rhoqo loo mhlaba njengoluhlu lokuziqhelanisa nokuqeqesha amajoni ukuba asebenzise indlela yokuphila.
Uninzi lomhlaba womkhosi wamanzi yindawo yokuhambisa phakathi kwabahlali kunye noluhlu lweebhombu kwincam esempuma. Elo thiphu yindawo ekukuphela kwayo eAtlantiki apho uMkhosi wamanzi unokwenza uhlaselo oludibeneyo lokudibanisa ulwandle, umpu waselwandle kunye nogwayimbo lomoya.
Kodwa abahlali besiqithi bathi ukuhlala kwindawo ye-quasi-yemfazwe kwonakalise kakhulu indawo kunye nempilo.
"Ndicinga ukuba oku bekusenzeka eManhattan, okanye ukuba bekusenzeka kwiVineyard kaMartha, ngokuqinisekileyo abathunywa abavela kula mazwe baya kuqinisekisa ukuba oku ngekhe kuqhubeke," utshilo u-Pedro Rossello, iRhuluneli yasePuerto Rican.
Kodwa ngaphandle kweVique, uMkhosi wamanzi awuzukukwazi ukuqeqesha imikhosi yawo ngokufanelekileyo, utshilo u-Admiral ongasemva uWilliam Fallon, umphathi weAtlantic Fleet. "Imalunga nomngcipheko wokulwa," utshilo.
"Isizathu sokuba senze uqeqesho lomlilo ngenxa yokuba kufuneka silungiselele abantu bethu obu buchule, oku kuzokwenzeka," uqhubeke watsho.
"Ukuba asiyenzi, sibabeka emngciphekweni ngokuthe ngqo," utshilo. "Yiyo loo nto ibaluleke kangaka kuMkhosi wamanzi kunye nesizwe."
I-Puerto Rico yayalela ukuba kwenziwe uphando ngomonakalo kwaye yaqesha iingcali zeziqhushumbisi uRick Stauber noJames Barton ukuba baphonononge esi siqithi. La madoda mabini athi kukho "uluhlu olubanzi" lwee-odnance eziphilayo ezingachazwanga ezisasazeke esiqithini nakumgangatho wolwandle ojikelezileyo.
Olu xwebhu luchaza iinkqubela zokubhikisha. Ithiwe Vieques: Inzuzo Yonke Into Yokulwa, ukusuka Mariya Patierno on bedlala.
Kwi-1940's Umkhosi wamanzi waseMelika wathimba uninzi lwesiqithi esincinci saseVique, ePuerto Rico kwaye wakha indawo yokuvavanya izixhobo kunye nendawo yoqeqesho. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu abemi beshiywe betshatile kwi-23% kuphela yesiqithi, bebekwe phakathi kwesixhobo sokugcina izixhobo kunye noluhlu lweebhombu.
Iminyaka, iqela elincinci labaphembeleli laliqhankqalaza iimvavanyo zokuqhushumisa iziqhushumbisi zomkhosi wamanzi kunye novavanyo lwabo lwezixhobo ezitsha eVique. Kodwa umzabalazo olwa noMkhosi wamanzi awuzange utsale umdla ocacileyo de kwaba ngu-Epreli 19, 1999 xa uDavid Sanes Rodríguez, unogada kwisiseko, wabulawa xa iibhombu ezingama-500 ezingalunganga zaqhushumba kwisithuba sakhe. Ukufa kukaSanes kwaqinisa intshukumo ngokuchasene nomkhosi kwaye kwafaka inkanuko yabantu basePuerto Ricans kuzo zonke iindlela zobomi.
I-Vieques: Inzuzo Yonke into yokulwa nayo ibhalela uDavid neGolati ibali labahlali baseVièque kunye nokuguqulwa koxolo kuluntu kunye neengxaki ezinkulu
I-Christian Science Monitor yabonisa eli bali lichaza indlela "I-Pentagon isetyenzisile isiqithi se-Vieques sokuQeqesha iminyaka eyiMinyaka, kodwa ukuBom bhoxiswa ngokukhawuleza kuye kwaba nzima":
I-US Navy ikwazi ukulahlekelwa uqeqesho lobunqununu emva kokuhluleka ukumbongoza urhulumente kunye nabahlali basePuerto Rico. Umasipala wesiqithi waseViqueque, owawuthengwa yi-US kwi-1940 nge $ 1.5, uthathwa njengesimo esilungileyo sokuhlaselwa komhlaba kunye nokuhlaselwa kwamabhomu. Kodwa emva kokufa ngengozi kulo nyaka wesiqithi, izikhulu zasePuerto Rican ziyakuthi zivimbele i-Navy ne-Marines ukusuka kwizikhundla ezingaphezulu. Ingxabano iphakamisa amangalelwa ukuba i-Pentagon ixhaphaze iPuerto Rico, isizwe sabantu base-US abangenalo ilungelo lokuvota okanye ukumela eWashington.
UCharles Kamasaki weBhunga leLizwe laseLa Raza, iqela lamalungelo oluntu eWashington uthi: "Akukho ndawo kula mazwe angama-50 onokuzilolonga emkhosini njengaleyo iseVique."
Abagxeki batyhola uMkhosi wamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-odolo ngokusondeleyo kufutshane noluntu kunye nokwaphula isivumelwano se-1983 sokunciphisa umda wokuzivocavoca kuluhlu lokudubula. IPentagon ivumile ukusebenzisa iimbumbulu eziphelelweyo zeradioanium, napalm, kunye neqela leebhombu. Ubuncinane isifundo esinye sichaze ukuba abahlali baseVique banamazinga aphezulu omhlaza kunamanye amaPuerto Ricans - inkokhelo uMkhumbi wenqaba.
Okubalulekileyo kwinqaku:
Inkohlakalo yaseVique yayingabandakanywa kuze kube ngo-Ephreli 19, xa umqhubi we-Navy wehla amabhomu ama-500-pound, ebulala umkhuseli womkhuseli wabantu basebenzise abanye abane. Ingozi yatsholwa kumaphutha kunye nokupakisha.
Ukusukela ngoko, abaqhankqalazi bamise inkampu kuluhlu kwaye uMkhosi wamanzi kwafuneka umise ukusebenza. NgoMgqibelo ngamnye, abanye babaqhankqalazi abangama-300 babamba umlindo ngaphandle kwendawo yomkhosi. "Xa uMkhosi wamanzi uza kuthabatha inyathelo elilandelayo, siza kuthabatha inyathelo elilandelayo," utshilo uOscar Ortiz, osebenza kwimanyano. Ukuba bafuna ukusibamba, sikulungele. Kuza kufuneka babambe bonke abantu basePuerto Rico. ”
Ngaphezulu, ndincoma ukuba ufunde Amandla Amandla kunye neProtest Popular: I-US Navy eVique, ePuerto Rico, nguKatherine T. McCaffrey.
Abahlali baseVique, isiqithi esincinci kude nonxweme olusempuma lwePuerto Rico, bahlala betshatile phakathi kweedepho zemipu kwaye bahlala kwindawo yokuqhushumisa kwi-US Navy. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1940 xa umkhosi waselwandle wahlutha ngaphezulu kwesibini esithathwini sesiqithi, abahlali bazabalazile ukwenza ubomi phakathi kwengxolo yeebhombu kunye nokudubula kwezixhobo zomlilo. Njengesiseko seengalo eOkinawa, eJapan, eli ziko litsale uqhankqalazo olunamandla kubahlali abacela umngeni kwezokhuseleko lwaseMelika phesheya kwezilwandle. Kwi-1999, xa umqeshwa wasekhaya waseburhulumenteni wabulawa yibhombu elahlekileyo, iVique yaphinda yaqhambuka kuqhanqalazo oluye lwahlanganisa amashumi amawaka abantu kwaye laguqula esi siqithi sincinci seCaribbean saba sisizathu se-célèbre.
UKatherine T. McCaffrey unika uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lobudlelwane obunengxaki phakathi komkhosi wamanzi wase-US kunye nabahlali besiqithi. Uvavanya izihloko ezinje ngembali yokubandakanyeka komkhosi wamanzi waseMelika eVique; iingingqi ezisisiseko ezihlanganiselwe ukuloba ezaqala ngoo-1970; indlela umkhosi wenqanawa owathembisa ngayo ukuphucula ubomi babahlali besiqithi nokusilela kwabo; kunye nokuvela kwanamhlanje kobutsha-ntliziyo obuvuselelekileyo obuye bacela umngeni ngempumelelo kwi-hegemony yomkhosi waselwandle.
Ityala laseVique lizisa phambili inkxalabo enkulu ngaphakathi kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wase-US oqhubeka ngaphaya kwePuerto Rico: amaziko asemkhosini phesheya kwezilwandle asebenza njengombane kwimibono yama-anti-American, ngaloo ndlela esoyikisa ilizwe kunye nomdla phesheya. Ngokuhlalutya obu budlelwane buchaseneyo, le ncwadi ikwavavanya izifundo ezibalulekileyo malunga nobukoloniyalizim kunye ne-postcolonialism kunye nobudlelwane be-United States kumazwe apho igcina khona iziseko zomkhosi.
Ukukhawuleza kwiziphumo zeminyaka yokusebenza komkhosi. Kwi-2013 Al Jazeera ithunyelwe eli nqaku, kubuza "Ngaba umhlaza, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kunye nezifo ezihlala zihlala kwii-US zasePuerto Rican?"
Iziqithi zineziphumo eziphezulu kakhulu zomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo kunabanye basePuerto Rico, into abatshoyo kwiminyaka emashumi yezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Kodwa ingxelo ekhishwe ngo-Matshi yi-Arhente yase-United States ye-Toxic Substances kunye ne-Registry Registry (ATSDR), i-federal agency ejongene nokuphanda izinto ezinobuthi, yathi ayikho into enxulumene nayo.
"Abantu baseVique bagula kakhulu, hayi kuba bezelwe begula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uluntu lwabo lwalugula ngenxa yezinto ezininzi, kwaye enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kukungcoliseka ababephantsi kweminyaka engaphezulu kwe-60. Aba bantu banezinga eliphezulu lomhlaza, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, ”utshilo uCarmen Ortiz-Roque, ugqirha osisifo kunye nengcali yokubelekisa. U-Al Jazeera. ePuerto Rico…. Iipesenti ezingama-27 zabasetyhini eVique esasifundayo babene-mercury eyaneleyo yokwenza umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo kusana lwabo olungekazalwa, ”wongeze watsho.
I-Vieques ine-30 yepesenti ephakamileyo yomhlaza kunabo bonke abasePuerto Rico, kwaye phantse amaxesha amane isantya soxinzelelo.
“Apha kukho lonke uhlobo lomhlaza - umhlaza wethambo, amathumba. Umhlaza wolusu. Yonke into. Siye saba nabahlobo abachongiweyo kwaye kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu kamva, bayafa. Le mihlaza ineengcwangu, ”utshilo uCarmen Valencia, we-Vieques Women Alliance. I-Vieques inokhathalelo lwempilo olusisiseko kuphela kunye neklinikhi yokubeleka kunye negumbi likaxakeka. Akukho zibonelelo zonyango lwe-chemotherapy, kwaye abagulayo kufuneka bahambe iiyure ngesikhephe okanye ngenqwelomoya ukuya kunyango.Ukutya kwaselwandle, okuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya-okwenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zokutya okutyiwa kwesi siqithi, kukwangumngcipheko.
“Sineentsalela zebhombu kunye nokungcoliseka kwekorale, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba olo hlobo lokungcola ludlula kwii-crustaceans, kwiintlanzi, kwiintlanzi ezinkulu esizityayo ekugqibeleni. Ezizinyithi zinzima kwindawo eziphezulu zinokubangela umonakalo kunye nomhlaza ebantwini, utshilo u-Elda Guadalupe, isazinzulu ngezendalo.
kwi 2016 the Atlantic le ngxelo "Intlekele yezempilo engabonakaliyo ePuerto Rico":
Ngabantu nge9,000, I-Vieque yindlu kwezinye zezinga eliphezulu lokugula kwiiCaribbean. Ngokwe-Cruz María Nazario, i-epidemiologist kwi-Yunivesithi yase-Puerto Rico yeSikolo soPhuculo lwezeMpilo kaRhulumente, abantu abahlala eVique bafumana izihlandlo ezisibhozo zokufa ngesifo senhliziyo kunye namaxesha asixhenxe okufa kwesifo sikashukela kunabanye ePuerto Rico, apho ukuxhaphaka kwezi zifo kuhambelana namazinga ase-US. Imilinganiselo yeCancer kwi siqithi eliphezulu kunezo nawuphi na umasipala wasePuerto Rican.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba inani leengxelo okanye iingxelo, ngoxa nje urhulumente wase-US egcina isigxina sokukhawulela kunye nokukhanyela, ubulungisa bendawo engayi kuba khona.
I-Vieques inabanye abemi, ngokukodwa i-horse horse.
Amagosa kwisiqithi sasePuerto Rican saseVique aqhuba umlo ongaqhelekanga wokulawula umtsalane wabakhenkethi oye waba yinto esondele kwisibetho esiqithini, esaziwa njengendawo eyayisakuba yindawo yempi yaseMelika. Isiqithi esincinci sithandwa kakhulu kubakhenkethi, njengoko iindwendwe zithontelana kwindawo yayo edume ngamanzi aqaqambileyo, amahlathi aluhlaza kunye namahashe ahamba ngokukhululekileyo. Kwindawo engenanto kufutshane ne-500 yeedola zaseMelika ngobusuku i-W Retreat & Spa, indoda ephethe umpu izingela ezinye ii-mares zasendle esi siqithi sidume ngaso. Uhamba kancinci esiya kwiqela lamahashe amdaka namhlophe, aphakamise umpu kunye nemililo. Imazi emdaka ikhaba imilenze yayo yangasemva ize ibaleke ibaleke.
URichard LaDez, umlawuli wezokhuseleko kwi-The Humane Society yase-United States, uchola i-dart yendlela yokuthintela ukukhulelwa eye yawela kumqolo wehashe kwaye wanika oobhontsi kweli qela. Okokuqala kungeniswa ngabakholoniyali baseSpain, amahashe asetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi base-Vieques abayi-9,000 abaxakekileyo ekusebenzeni ngeendlela ezithile, ukuthatha abantwana esikolweni, ukuhambisa abalobi kwiinqanawa zabo, ukukhuphisana kwimidyarho engacwangciswanga phakathi kwamakhwenkwe akwishumi elivisayo kunye nokuhambisa abantu abasela ebusuku. Ziyathandwa ngabakhenkethi, abathanda ukuthatha iifoto zabo besitya ii-mangos kunye nokuzonwabisa kulwandle. Abantu abaninzi bagcina amahashe abo kwindawo evulekileyo kufutshane nolwandle, apho badla khona de bafune okulandelayo.Ukutya kunye nokukhusela ihashe elivalelweyo kwisiqithi esinomvuzo ophakathi ongaphantsi kwama-20,000, XNUMX eedola zaseMelika ngonyaka abanakufikeleleka abaninzi. Amanye amahashe anophawu, uninzi alunjalo kwaye ambalwa abaleka nje. Amagosa athi ngenxa yoko, phantse akunakwenzeka ukulawula inani lamahashe kwaye ubambe abanini baphendule xa kuvela ingxaki.
Inani labantu likhule laya kuqikelelwa kwizilwanyana ezingama-2,000 ezophula imibhobho yamanzi ukuphelisa unxano, zibethe iinkonkxa zokulahla inkunkuma zifuna ukutya zize zife kwiingozi zemoto eziye zanda njengoko abakhenkethi bethontelana ukuya eVique, eyakhula ithandwa emva kokuba umkhosi wamajoni wase-US uvimbe umkhosi ukusebenza kwii-2000s zokuqala. Unxunguphalo, usodolophu waseVieques uVictor Emeric ubize uMbutho wabaNtu, owavuma ukusungula inkqubo yeminyaka emihlanu yokuthumela amaqela kwesi siqithi ephethe umpu womoya oxineneyo, imipu kunye namakhulu emijukujelwa elayishwe ngesicwangcisi sezilwanyana i-PZP. Inkqubo iqale ngo-Novemba kwaye yathatha isantya ngokutyhala iintsuku ezimbini malunga namavolontiya kunye nabasebenzi beHumane Society kwimpelaveki kaMartin Luther King. Ngaphezulu kwe-160 yee-mares esele zenziwe kwaye amagosa oMbutho we-Humane athi balindele ukujoba phantse zonke ii-mares zesiqithi ngezixhobo zokuthintela ukuphela konyaka. Inkqubo iya kuxabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200,000 yeedola zase-US ngonyaka ukuqhuba kwaye ixhaswe ngemali ngokupheleleyo ngeminikelo.
Abantu abaninzi abaye bavakashela iVique baxhalabele malunga neemeko zamahashe emva kwephepho, njengoko kucacisiwe kule nqaku ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukunceda amahashe enqabana: Amahhashi ekhethekileyo asePuerto Rico asele. "
Amaninzi amahashe ekugxilwe kwenkqubo yolawulo lokukhulelwa kweso siqithi saseVièque ePuerto Rico baye balahlekelwa ubomi babo emva kokubhujiswa kweNkantwa uMaria.
Amanye ama-280 mares avela kwiihashe ze-2000 zesiqithi injected nge PZP ngasekupheleni konyaka odlulileyo kumzame wokutshisa inani elikhulayo lamahashe kwisiqithi esincinci. Isiqithi saziwa ngenye yeyona ndawo ephawulekayo ye-bioluminescent bays, kunye neenqwelomoya ezintle, ezihamba ngokukhululeka. Kodwa amanzi anqabile kwesi siqithi kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva imbalela ibangele ubomi obuninzi.
Iqela le-HSUS elizisa uncedo kwisiqithi liqinisekisile ukuba amanye amahashe alahlekelwa ubomi bawo, abulawe yintlanzi okanye ukulimala kwimfucuza, kunye nenani elifanelekileyo lezilwanyana ezifuna unyango. Kodwa bathi kwakhona ininzi yamahashe ibonakala isaphila kwisiqhwithi.
"Sibonelela ngokutya okuncedisayo ngenxa yokuba imithi ikhutshiwe kwaye inkunkuma kunye namanzi amnandi ayinqongophala, kwaye siya kunika unyango oluninzi," kusho uHSUS CEO uWayne Pacelle.
Uthe uDkt Dickie Vest, onguchwephesha wezilwanyana ovela kwiCleveland Amory Black Beauty Ranch, wayekunceda ekukhokeleni impendulo, kunye nokuphathwa kwezilwanyana kunye neengcali zempendulo uDave Pauli noJohn Peaveler. Ngomncedisi wabemi basekuhlaleni, iqela lethu liyakhathalela ezininzi iinja, iikati kunye nezinye izilwanyana kwiikliniki ehambayo ezazisungula ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezonyango oluqhubekayo kwizilwanyana ezinabantu abanomdla wokunyamekela, "kusho uPacelle.
Nantsi ikhonkco kwi Iqela le-HSUS loLondolozo lwezilwanyana ukuxhasa zabo iinzame
Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, iVique ikwayiyo enye yezinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi, i-bio-luminescent bay efihliweyo kule ndaba ye-NPR.
Silapha ngokuhlwanje ukujonga ezantsi emanzini ukuze sikhanyise ubomi baselwandle obubizwa ngokuba ziidinoflagellates. Ezi plankton zineseli enye ziyakhanya xa ziphazanyiswa. Xa iplankton zininzi kwaye iimeko zilungile, ukusebenzisa isandla sakho emanzini kushiya umkhondo wokukhanya okuqaqambileyo.
Uhlobo apha luvutha luhlaza-buluhlaza. Kuyabizwa Pyrodinium bahamense, okanye "umlilo ovuthuzayo weBahamas." UHernandez kunye nesinye isikhokelo bathi xa itheku likhanya ngamandla onke, ungatsho ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweentlanzi ezihamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngokusekwe kukukhanya. Ukutsiba kweentlanzi ngaphezulu komphezulu womhlaba kushiya umkhondo wokukhanya okukhanyayo. Xa kunetha, bathi wonke umphezulu wamanzi ulungile. U-Edith Widder, ingcali ye-bioluminescence kunye nomseki weqela UMbutho woPhando noLondolozo lwaManzi, ithi ukukhanya kuyindlela yokuzikhusela kwezi zidalwa, ezabelana ngeempawu kunye nezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ukukhanyisa kungabonisa izilwanyana ezinkulu phambi kwayo nayiphi na eyaphazamisa iplankton.
"Ke, kukuziphatha okuntsonkothileyo ngokumangalisayo kwisidalwa esineeseli enye, kwaye inkwenkwe inokuba nomtsalane," utshilo.
Kodwa iinkanyamba zonakalisa umboniso wokukhanya. Imvula iphazamisa i-chemistry ye-bay ngamanzi amaninzi amatsha. INkanyamba uMaria yonakalise ii-mangroves ezijikeleze ichweba, ezibonelela ngevithamini ebalulekileyo kwii-dinoflagellates, utshilo uWidder. Kwaye imimoya ephezulu inyanzela ukuba izidalwa ezikhanyayo ziye kulwandle oluvulekileyo. "Umoya wawunokuthi utyhale amanzi ngaphandle kwe-bay, aphume emlonyeni we-bay," wongeza uHernandez. Emva kwezinye iinkanyamba, kuthiwa kuthathe iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba i-bay iqale kwakhona ukukhanya, utshilo
Kuya kuba khona Ukudibana kwe-Kos yemihla ngemihla ePuerto Rico ngoJanuwari 29 kunye noMphathi uBobby Neary, owayenguvulindlela omtsha. "I-Kos yemihla ngemihla ithumela uKelly Macias kubasebenzi bethu boHlelo kunye noChris Reeves ovela kubasebenzi bethu bokwakha abahlali ukuba benze ingxelo yoqobo malunga nePuerto Rico ehambelana nedilesi ye-SOTU."
Ndiyaqonda ukuba baya kuVique, kwaye banomdla wokufunda iingxelo zabo.
Pa'lante!
