Indlela Ekugqibeleni Inokuthi Yenzeke Ukutshutshisa Imfazwe NjengeCalulo

NguDavid Swanson

Imfazwe kulwaphulo-mthetho. INkundla yezoPhulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe iphela nje umemezele ukuba ekugqibeleni iya kuyiphatha njengolwaphulo-mthetho, uhlobo-lwento, uhlobo-lwento. Kodwa imeko yemfazwe njengolwaphulo-mthetho ingathintela njani umlo ophambili kwihlabathi ekusongeleni nasekuqaliseni iimfazwe ezininzi, ezinkulu nezincinci? Inokusetyenziswa njani imithetho echasene nemfazwe? Ingenziwa njani into yokuba isibhengezo se-ICC senziwe into engaphaya kokuhanahanisa?

I-Kellogg-Briand Pact yenza imfazwe ulwaphulo-mthetho ngo-1928, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkohlakalo zaba ngamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho eNuremberg naseTokyo ngenxa yokuba yayiyinxalenye yolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu. UMqulu wamazwe weZizwe eziManyeneyo ugcine umlo njengolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa ulinganisele kwimfazwe “enobundlongondlongo”, kwaye wazikhusela nakweyiphi na imfazwe eyayisungulwe ngemvume ye-UN.

I-International Court of Justice (ICJ) ingazama iUnited States ngokuhlasela ilizwe ukuba (1) elo lizwe lazisa ityala, kwaye (2) iUnited States yavuma le nkqubo, kwaye (3) iUnited States ayikhethi ukuyivimba nawuphi na umgwebo ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo e-veto kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko lwe-UN. Ukuguqulwa kwexesha elizayo elifanelekileyo kubandakanya ukukhuthaza onke amalungu e-UN ukuba amkele igunya eliphotyelwe le-ICJ, kunye nokuphelisa i-veto. Kodwa yintoni enokuyenza ngoku?

INkundla yamaTyala oLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICC) inokuzama abantu "ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho" ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku izame ama-Afrika kuphela, nangona ixesha elithile ngoku libanga ukuba "liphanda" ulwaphulo-mthetho lwase-US e-Afghanistan. Nangona i-US ingelo lungu le-ICC, i-Afghanistan yiyo. Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha elizayo ngokucacileyo lubandakanya ukubongoza onke amazwe, kubandakanya i-United States, ukuba ijoyine i-ICC. Kodwa yintoni enokwenziwa ngoku?

ICC i gqibile umemezele ukuba izotshutshisa abantu abathile (njengomongameli wase-US kunye nonobhala "wokhuselo") ngolwaphulo-mthetho "lobundlongondlongo," Oko kukuthi: yimfazwe. Kodwa iimfazwe ezinjalo kufuneka zisungulwe emva kwe-17 kaJulayi 2018. Kwaye abo banokutshutshiselwa imfazwe baya kuba ngabemi kuphela bezo zizwe ziye zajoyina i-ICC zaza zaqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwazo zongeza igunya ku “ndlongondlongo.” Utshintsho olunqwenelekayo lwexesha elizayo ngokucacileyo lubandakanya ukubongoza onke amazwe, kubandakanya i-United States, ukuba iqinisekise ukulungiswa "kobundlongondlongo." Kodwa yintoni enokwenziwa ngoku?

Inye indlela ejikeleze le miqobo, yi-UN Security Council ukuthumela ityala kwi-ICC. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, ngoko i-ICC inokutshutshisa nabani na ehlabathini ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yamandla omthetho ukuba naliphi na ithuba lokunqanda urhulumente wase-US ukuba angasongeli kwaye aqalise iimfazwe, kufuneka senze enye okanye ngaphezulu iintlanga ezilishumi elinantlanu kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko lwe-UN ukucacisa ukuba baya kuphakamisa umcimbi wokuvota. Abangamashumi amahlanu abalishumi elinesihlanu banamandla okuvota, kwaye enye yezo ntlanu yi-United States.

Ke ngoko, sidinga izizwe zehlabathi ukuba zibhengeze ukuba xa iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lisilelayo ukuthumela eli tyala, baya kuwusa lo mbandela kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo nangonaUkudibanisa uxolo”Inkqubo kwiseshoni yongxamiseko ukuze ingananzwa veto. Yiyo le nto yenziwa nje nge-Disemba ka-2017 yokupasisa ngokungaphaya isisombululo i-US eyasivotayo, isigqibo esigweba i-US ukubiza iJerusalem njengekomkhulu lakwa-Israyeli.

Akufuneki kuphela ukuba sifunde kwi-hoops nganye (ukuzinikela kwivoti yeBhunga loKhuseleko, nokuzibophezela kokugqithisa i-veto kwi-General Assembly) kodwa kufuneka siveze kwangaphambili ukuba siya kuqiniseka okanye sinokwenza njalo .

Ngoko ke, World Beyond War iyaqalisa isikhalazo sehlabathi jikelele kubarhulumente belizwe lonke becela ukuzinikela kwabo kuluntu ukubhekisa nayiphi na imfazwe eyenziwe yilo nawuphi na isizwe ku-ICC okanye ngaphandle kweBhunga loKhuseleko. Cofa apha ukuze ungeze igama lakho.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ayizomfazwe zase-US kuphela ekufuneka zitshutshiswe njengolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa zonke iimfazwe. Kwaye, enyanisweni, kungangqineka kunyanzelekile ukuba kutshutshiswe amaqabane amancinci e-United States kwiimfazwe zayo "zobumbano" ngaphambi kokutshutshisa inkokheli yomsesane. Ingxaki asiyiyo yokungabikho kobungqina, ewe, kodwa kukuthanda kwezopolitiko. I-UK, i-France, i-Canada, i-Ostreliya, okanye enye iyelenqe elinokuziswa ngoxinzelelo lwehlabathi nolwangaphakathi (kunye nokukwazi ukuthintela iBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN) ukuba lingenise kulawulo lomthetho ngaphambi kokuba i-United States yenze njalo.

Ingcaciso ebalulekileyo yile: buninzi ukutshabalalisa ukubulala nokutshabalalisa kubangelwa yimfazwe? Ngaba i-drone ibetha imfazwe? Ngaba isiseko sokwandiswa kunye nekhaya elincinci lihlasela imfazwe? Zingaphi iibhobho zenza imfazwe? Impendulo kufuneka ibe ikhona ukusebenzisa umkhosi wamkhosi. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, lo mbuzo uza kuphendulwa ngcinezelo loluntu. Ukuba siyakwazi ukwazisa abantu kunye nokunyanzelisa iintlanga zehlabathi ukuba ziyithumele kwisilingo, ngoko kuya kuba yimfazwe, ngoko ke ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Nasi isigqibo sam soNyaka oMtsha: Ndibhambathise ukuxhasa umgaqo wemiyalelo, oko kusenokuba akusenzi kakuhle.