Idilesi ngo-Hon. UDouglas Roche, OC, kubaPalamente kwiNkcitho engeyiyo yeNyukliya kunye 
Ukungaxhomeki kwezixhobo, "Ukunyuka kweNtaba" iNkomfa, eWashington, DC, ngoFebruwari 26, 2014
Ekuboneni kokuqala, ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kubonakala kungathandeki. INkomfa yokuXhotyiswa kwezixhobo eGeneva ikhubazekile iminyaka emininzi. ISivumelwano sokuNganyanzeliswa sisenkathazweni. Izixhobo eziphambili zenyukliya ziyala ukungena kwiingxoxo ezibanzi zokupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kwaye ziyayinqwenela iintlanganiso zamazwe aphesheya ezenzelwe ukubeka ingqalelo kwihlabathi "kwimiphumo emibi yoluntu" yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Izixhobo zenyukliya zithi zinika umva wesandla sazo kwihlabathi liphela. Ayisiyiyo imeko yokujonga.
Kodwa jonga kancinci. Isibini kwisithathu samazwe ehlabathi bavotele uthethathethwano ukuqala kwisibhengezo esisemthethweni kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, izizwe ezili-146 kunye nabaphembeleli bezemfundo nabahlali bahlanganisana eNayarit, eMexico ukujonga impilo, uqoqosho, okusingqongileyo, ukutya kunye nokuthuthwa kweziphumo zenyukliya - ngengozi okanye ngabom. INgqungquthela ye-UN yamanqanaba aphakamileyo yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya iya kubanjwa ngowama-2018, kwaye umhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi minyaka le ukususela ngoku ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iza kuqatshelwa njengoSuku lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lokuPheliswa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya.
Ukuhamba kwembali kuhamba ngokuchasene nelifa, hayi kuphela ukusetyenziswa, kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngalo naliphi na ilizwe. Izixhobo zenyukliya zithi zizama ukuthintela lo mkhwa ngaphambi kokuba ufumane amandla. Kodwa baya kusilela. Banokuzinqanda iinkqubo zenyukliya, kodwa abanako ukuwutshabalalisa umzuzu wotshintsho kwimbali yoluntu eyenzekayo ngoku.
Isizathu sokuba intshukumo yezixhobo zenyukliya yomelele kunokuba ibonakala ngaphezulu kukuba ibangela ukuvuswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwesazela esenzeka emhlabeni. Ukuqhutywa phambili yisayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nokuqonda okutsha kokufumaneka kwamalungelo oluntu, ukudityaniswa koluntu kuyenzeka. Asazi nje kuphela omnye nomnye kwizinto ezazisayahlulahlula kakhulu, kodwa siyazi ukuba siyadingana ukuze sisinde ngokufanayo. Kukho inkathalo entsha yokukhathalela imeko yoluntu kunye nemeko yeplanethi ebonakalayo kwiinkqubo ezinje ngeMillenium Development Goals. Oku kukuvusa isazela sehlabathi.
Oku sele kuvelise phambili phambili kubantu: ukuqonda okuqhubekayo kuluntu ukuba imfazwe ayinanto. Isizathu kunye nesidlo semfazwe siyalala. Oku kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka kwi-20th inkulungwane, makungabikho i-19th. Uluntu olwenqaba imfazwe njengendlela yokusombulula ingxabano-ebonwe kutshanje kumbuzo wokungenelela emkhosini eSiriya-inemilinganiselo enkulu yendlela yoluntu oluza kuqhuba ngayo imicimbi yayo. Uxanduva lokukhusela imfundiso luhlalutyo olutsha, kubandakanywa nosongelo oluthathwa yizixhobo zenyukliya, ukuchonga iimeko apho zingasetyenziselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukugcina ubomi.
Andiyikuxela kwangaphambili ukusebenzisana komhlaba. Iintambo zeenkomfa zombutho-zoshishino zisezinamandla. Ubunkokeli obuninzi bezopolitiko buyi-pusillanimous. Iingxaki zengingqi zinendlela yokuba yintlekele. Ixesha elizayo alikwazi ukuqikelela. Silahlekelwe amathuba ngaphambili, ngokugqithiseleyo umzuzu owodwa xa iBould yaseBerlin yawa kwaye iMfazwe yamaCold yaphela, ukuba iinkokheli eziziwayo zaziza kubamba kwaye zakha ukwakha izakhiwo zehlabathi elitsha. Kodwa ndiyatsho ukuba ihlabathi, elixhalabileyo kwiimfazwe zase-Afghanistan ne-Iraq, ekugqibeleni lilungele kwaye lilo xesha liza kwenza iimfazwe zombuso kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Imiba emibini ikhiqiza ithemba elingcono loxolo lwehlabathi: ukuphendula nokukhusela. Asizange sivame ukuva okuninzi malunga noorhulumente abajongene noluntu kwizenzo zabo kwimibandela enkulu yemfazwe noxolo. Ngoku, ngokusasazeka kwamalungelo oluntu, abantu abaxhotyiswa ngamalungelo oluntu abanamandla abamba uorhulumente babo baxanduva lokuthatha inxaxheba kwizicwangciso zehlabathi jikelele zophuhliso loluntu. Ezi zicwangciso zehlabathi, ezibonakalayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ekuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ekubandakanyekeni kwabasetyhini kwiiprojekthi zokuxoxisana, kukhuthaza ukuthintela ingxabano.
Eli nqanaba liphezulu lokucinga lizisa amandla amatsha kwingxoxo mpikiswano ngezixhobo zenyukliya. Ngokwandayo, izixhobo zenyukliya azibonwa njengezixhobo zokhuseleko lukarhulumente kodwa njengabaphuli bokhuseleko lomntu. Ngakumbi nangakumbi, kuyacaca ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya kunye namalungelo oluntu azinakubakho kwiplanethi. Kodwa oorhulumente bayacotha ukwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo esekwe kulwazi olutsha lweemfuno zokhuseleko loluntu. Ke, siphila kwilizwe elinamacandelo amabini apho amandla anamandla azikhulisela kuwo izixhobo zenyukliya ngelixa ethintela ukufunyanwa kwawo ngamanye amazwe. Sijongene nengozi yokwanda kwezixhobo zenyukliya kuba amazwe enyukliya anqabile ukusebenzisa igunya lawo ukwakha umthetho othile ogxotha zonke izixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye aqhubeke nokunciphisa isiphelo se1996 seNkundla yezoBulungisa yeHlabathi ukuba isoyikiso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwenyukliya izixhobo ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye onke amazwe anoxanduva lokuxoxa malunga nokupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Oku kucinga kokondla intshukumo eyakhayo kwihlabathi liphela ukuba iqale inkqubo yozakuzo yokupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngaphandle kokusebenzisana kwangoko kwamandla enyukliya. Ingqungquthela yaseNayarit kunye neentlanganiso zayo ezalandela eVienna kamva kulo nyaka, zibonelela kwaye zikhuthaza ukuqalisa kwenkqubo enjalo. Oorhulumente abafuna uthethathethwano olubanzi malunga nokuvalwa ngokusemthethweni kwezomkhosi kwizixhobo zenyukliya kufuneka ngoku bakhethe phakathi kokuqalisa inkqubo yoonozakuzaku ukuthintela izixhobo zenyukliya Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezixhobo zenyukliya kuchaza okanye kuthintele iinjongo zabo ngokusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwemida ye-NPT kunye neNkomfa yokuXhotyiswa kwezixhobo apho izixhobo zenyukliya zihlala ziyimpembelelo ethe rhoqo.
Amava am andikhokelela ekukhetheni inkqubo apho amazwe anezimvo ezifanayo aqala umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngenjongo ethile yokwakha umthetho wehlabathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kuchongwe izinto ezisemthethweni, ezobuchwephesha, ezopolitiko kunye neziko elifuna izixhobo zenyukliya kwihlabathi elingenasiseko njengesiseko sokuthetha-thethana ngokusemthethweni malunga nezixhobo zenyukliya. izakuqhubekeka ukuthotywa ngurhulumente onamandla, athe azama ukuthintela nayiphi na inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ukusukela oko i-NPT yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1970. Ndikhuthaza amalungu epalamente ukuba asebenzise ukufikelela kwawo kumandla kwaye azise kwiPalamente nganye emhlabeni isisombululo esithi makusetyenzwe ngokukhawuleza. ukuqala kwisakhelo sehlabathi ukuthintela ukuveliswa, ukuvavanywa, ukubanjwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngawo onke amazwe, kunye nokubonelela ngokupheliswa kwazo phantsi kokuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo.
Ukuxhasa abantu basepalamente kuyasebenza. Amalungu epalamente akwiindawo ezifanelekileyo hayi nje kuphela ukuphembelela amaphulo amatsha kodwa nokulandela ukuphunyezwa kwawo. Zibekelwe ngokukodwa ukujongana nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo, iindlela ezikhoyo ngoku kwaye zibambe oorhulumente ukuba baphendule. Abantu basePalamente banamandla amakhulu kunokuba behlala beqonda.
Kwiminyaka yam yokuqala kwipalamente yaseCanada, xa ndandisebenza njengosihlalo wePalamente yeGlobal Action, ndakhokela abathunywa beepalamente eMoscow naseWashington ukuya kubongoza abasemagunyeni belo xesha ukuba bathathe amanyathelo abukhali kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Umsebenzi wethu wakhokelela ekusekweni kwephulo leZizwe eziMathandathu. Le yayiyinzame yentsebenziswano yeenkokheli zase-India, Mexico, Argentina, Sweden, Greece kunye neTanzania, ezazibambe iintlanganiso zentlanganiso zibongoza amagunya enyukliya ukuba ayeke ukuvelisa izitokhwe zenyukliya. Kamva uGorbachev wathi iNyathelo leSizwe esiThandathu yinto ephambili ekuphumezeni isiVumelwano seNyukliya esiPhakathi sowe-1987, esaphelisa lonke udidi lwemijukujelwa yenyukliya ekumgangatho ophakathi.
Iipalamente ze-Global Action zenziwe zibe ngumnatha wee-parliamentari ze-1,000 kumazwe akwa-130 kwaye zihlanganiswe uluhlu olwandisiweyo lwemiba yehlabathi, njengokukhuthaza intando yesininzi, ukukhuselwa kwemibango kunye nokulawula, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu, uluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umbutho wawunoxanduva lokufumana uxoxiswano oluqaliswe kwi-Treatment Ban Treaty Comprehensive Test Banqule kwaye lunikezela i-muscle ukufumana oorhulumente abaninzi ukuba batyikitye kwiNkundla yamaTyala eNkundla yamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-2013 Trade Artic Treaty.
Kule minyaka idlulileyo, umbutho omtsha wabaphathiswa bezomthetho, amaPalamente eNyukliya aNgeSasazi kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwezixhobo, sele esekwe kwaye ndiyazingca ngokuba nguSihlalo wokuqala. Ndivuyisana noSenator uEd Markey ngokuhlangana eWashington namhlanje le ndibano ibalulekileyo yabameli. Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli buka-Alyn Ware, i-PNND itsale malunga ne-800 yowiso-mthetho kumazwe angama-56. Isebenzisana noManyano lwePalamente, iqela elikhulu leepalamente kumazwe ali-162, ekuveliseni incwadana yamalungu epalamente echaza ngemicimbi engeyiyo eyanda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Olu luhlobo lobunkokeli olungazenzi izihloko kodwa lusebenza ngokugqwesileyo. Ukuphuhliswa kwemibutho enjengeePalamente yeZenzo zeHlabathi kunye namaPalamente eNyukliya ekungasetyenzisweni kwenyukliya kunye nokuXhotyiswa kwezixhobo kunegalelo elibonakalayo ekwandiseni ubunkokheli bezopolitiko.
Ilizwi lamaphalamende lingasomeleza ngakumbi kwikamva leNdibano yePalamente yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Eli phulo li nethemba lokuba ngabemi bemihla kuwo onke amazwe baya kuba nako ukukhetha abameli babo ngokuzeleyo ukuba bahlale kwindibano entsha kwi-UN kunye nemithetho yehlabathi jikelele. Oku kungenakwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele kwesinye isigaba sembali, kodwa isinyathelo sentshintsho singaba kukhethwa kwamagosa avela kumaphalamende kazwelonke, abaya kunikwa amandla okuhlala kwindibano entsha kwi-UN kunye nokuphakamisa imiba ngqo kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Ipalamente yeYurophu, apho ukhetho oluqokelelweyo lwayo amalungu e-766 lwenziwa kumazwe anikezelweyo, linikeza umzekelo wendibano yepalamente yehlabathi.
Ngaphandle kokulinda uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo ukomeleza ulawulo lwehlabathi, amalungu epalamente namhlanje anakho kwaye kufuneka asebenzise isikhundla sawo esikhethekileyo kurhulumente ukunyanzelisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela ubomi emhlabeni. Vala umsantsa osisityebi. Yeka ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Akusayi kubakho zixhobo zenyukliya. Leyo yinto yobunkokheli bezopolitiko.
