Isishwankathelo soMgaqo-nkqubo: Ukomelezwa koLutsha, abaSebenzi basekuhlaleni kunye neNtsebenziswano yoKhuseleko ukuNciphisa ukuThwathwa kweZikolo eNigeria

NguStephanie E. Effevottu, World BEYOND War, Septemba 21, 2022

UMbhali oKhokelayo: UStephanie E. Effevottu

Iqela leProjekthi: Jacob Anyam; uRuhama Ifere; UStephanie E. Effevottu; Intsikelelo Adekanye; uTolulope Oluwafemi; uDamaris Akhigbe; Lucky Chinwike; uMoses Abolade; Uvuyo Godwin; kunye noAugustine Igweshi

Abacebisi beProjekthi: Allwell Akhigbe kunye noPrecious Ajunwa
Abaququzeleli beProjekthi: Mnu. Nathaniel Msen Awuapila kunye noGq Wale Adeboye Umxhasi weProjekthi: uNksk Winifred Ereyi

Imibulelo

Iqela lingathanda ukubulela uGq Phil Gittins, uNksk Winifred Ereyi, uMnu Nathanial Msen Awuapila, uGq Wale Adeboye, uGq Yves-Renee Jennings, uMnu Christian Achaleke, kunye nabanye abantu abenze le projekthi yaba yimpumelelo. Sikwavakalisa umbulelo wethu kwi World Beyond War (WBW) kunye neQela lokuSebenza leRotary loXolo ngokudala iqonga (iMfundo yoXolo kunye neNtshukumo yeMpembelelo) kuthi sakhe amandla ethu okudala uxolo.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe kunye nemibuzo, qhagamshelana nombhali okhokelayo, uStephanie E. Effevottu ku: stephanieeffevottu@yahoo.com

Isishwankathelo sebhunga

Nangona ukuqweqwediswa esikolweni ingeyonto intsha eNigeria, ukusukela ngo-2020, ilizwe laseNigeria libone ukwanda kokuxhwilwa kwabantwana besikolo ngakumbi kumantla welizwe. Ukungakhuseleki kwabalindi kukhokelele ekuvalweni kwezikolo ezingaphezu kwama-600 eNigeria ngenxa yokoyika ukuhlaselwa ngabaphangi kunye nabaqweqwedisi. Ukomelezwa kwethu koLutsha, abaSebenzi basekuhlaleni kunye neNtsebenziswano yeMikhosi yoKhuseleko ukuthomalalisa iprojekthi yokuxhwilwa kweZikolo ikho ukuze kulungiswe iliza eliphezulu lokuxhwilwa kwabafundi kutsha nje. Iprojekthi yethu ikwajonge ukomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi kwamapolisa nabantu abatsha ukunciphisa izehlo zokuxhwilwa kwezikolo.

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo umfutshane ubonisa iziphumo zophando lwe-intanethi olwenziwe yi World Beyond War (WBW) Iqela laseNigeria lokuqinisekisa imbono yoluntu malunga nokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria. Izinto ezifunyaniswe kolu hlolisiso zibonisa ukuba oothunywashe abanjengokuhlwempuzeka, ukwanda kwentswela-ngqesho, iindawo ezingalawulekiyo, iimbono ezibaxiweyo ngonqulo, ukunyusa ingxowa-mali yamaphulo abagrogrisi njengoonobangela abaphambili bokuqweqwediswa kwezikolo kweli lizwe. Ezinye iimpembelelo zokuxhwilwa esikolweni ezichongiweyo ngabaphenduli ziquka into yokuba kukhokelela ekugayweni kwamaqela axhobileyo ngaphandle kwabantwana besikolo, umgangatho ophantsi wemfundo, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimfundo, ukungabikho phakathi kwabafundi, kunye nokwenzakala ngokwasengqondweni, phakathi kwezinye.

Ukuthintela ukuthunjwa kwesikolo eNigeria, abaphenduli bavuma ukuba akusiyo umsebenzi womntu omnye okanye icandelo elinye kodwa kunoko lifuna indlela yamacandelo amaninzi, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nee-arhente zokhuseleko, abadlali boluntu, kunye nabantu abatsha. Ukomeleza amandla abantu abatsha ekunciphiseni ukuxhwilwa ezikolweni kweli lizwe, abaphenduli bachaza ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuphumeza iinkqubo zokufundisa kunye nokuqeqesha / amaqela okuphendula kwangoko kubafundi kumaziko ahlukeneyo emfundo. Ukwandiswa kokhuseleko ezikolweni, amaphulo okwazisa kunye nokwazisa, kwakunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wabahlali nazo beziyinxalenye yeengcebiso zabo.

Ukuze kwakhiwe intsebenziswano esebenzayo phakathi korhulumente waseNigeria, abantu abatsha, abadlali boluntu, kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ekunciphiseni imiba yokuthunjwa kwesikolo kwilizwe, abaphenduli bacebisa ukuseka amaqela asekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhlala luxanduva, ukulungelelanisa umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu. , ukuqhuba amaphulo okwazisa abafundi ezikolweni, nokuqhuba iingxoxo nabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo.

Abaphenduli nangona kunjalo baqaphele ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kokuthembana phakathi kolutsha kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo, ngakumbi imikhosi yokhuseleko. Ngoko ke bacebise izicwangciso ezininzi zokwakha ukuthembana, ezinye zazo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokuyila, ukufundisa abantu abatsha ngendima yee-arhente ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko, ukufundisa abachaphazelekayo ngokuziphatha kokuthembeka, kunye nokwakha uluntu malunga nemisebenzi yokwakha ukuthembana.

Kukwakho nezindululo malunga nokuxhotyiswa ngcono kwii-arhente zokhuseleko ezohlukeneyo ingakumbi ngokubabonelela ngobuchwephesha obungcono kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa zale mihla ukujongana naba baqweqwedisi. Okokugqibela, kwenziwa iingcebiso malunga neendlela urhulumente waseNigeria anokuqinisekisa ukuba izikolo zikhuselekile kubafundi kunye nootitshala.

Isishwankathelo somgaqo-nkqubo siqukumbela ngokuchaza ukuba ukuqweqwediswa esikolweni kuyingozi kuluntu lwaseNigeria, kunye nezinga eliphezulu kumaxesha amva nje elichaphazela kakubi imfundo yelizwe. Ngoko ke icela bonke abachaphazelekayo, kunye noluntu lwesizwe kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba basebenzisane ngcono ukunciphisa esi soyikiso.

Intshayelelo/Amagqabantshintshi ngokuDlwa kweSikolo eNigeria

Njengoninzi lweengqikelelo, akukho ngcaciso inye enokuthi ibalelwe kwigama elithi 'ukuxhwila'. Abaphengululi abaliqela banike eyabo ingcaciso malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini kubo. Umzekelo, u-Inyang no-Abraham (2013) bachaza ukuxhwila njengokuxhwila umntu ngenkani, ukuthabatha, kunye nokugcinwa komntu eluvalelweni ngokungekho mthethweni ngaphandle kwentando yakhe. Ngokufanayo, u-Uzorma noNwanegbo- Ben (2014) bachaza ukuxhwila njengenkqubo yokuxhwila kunye nokuvalela okanye ukuthwala umntu ngegunya elingekho mthethweni okanye ngobuqhetseba, kwaye ubukhulu becala ngesicelo sentlawulelo. UFage no-Alabi (2017) ngokwemiqathango yokuxhwila njengobuqhophololo okanye ukuxhwilwa ngenkani komntu okanye iqela labantu ngeenjongo ezisukela kwezentlalo noqoqosho, ezopolitiko, nenkolo, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphandle kobuninzi beenkcazelo, into abafana ngayo bonke iquka into yokuba ukuqweqwedisa sisenzo esingekho mthethweni esisoloko sibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngenjongo yokufumana imali okanye ezinye iinzuzo.

ENigeria, ukuwohloka kokhuseleko kuye kwakhokelela ekuqweqweni kwabantu ngakumbi kwindawo esemantla yelizwe. Nangona ukuqweqwedisa ibiyinto eqhubekayo, kuye kwathatha inkalo entsha ngaba baqweqwedisi besebenzisa ukoyikeka koluntu kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko ukufuna intlawulo enengeniso ethe chatha. Ngaphezu koko, ngokungafaniyo namandulo apho abaqweqwedisi behlasela abantu abazizityebi, ngoku izaphuli-mthetho zihlasela abantu balo naluphi na uhlobo. Iindlela zangoku zokuxhwilwa kukuxhwilwa kwenyambalala kwabafundi kumagumbi okuhlala ezikolweni, ukuxhwilwa kwabafundi koohola bendlela nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini.

Ngokumalunga ne-200,000 yezikolo eziziiprayimari nezizisekondari, icandelo lezemfundo laseNigeria limele kwi-Afrika enkulu (i-Verjee ne-Kwaja, i-2021). Nangona ukuqweqwediswa esikolweni ingeyonto intsha eNigeria, kutsha nje, kuye kwakho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuxhwilwa kwabafundi ukuze bahlawulelwe kumaziko emfundo ngakumbi kwizikolo zasesekondari kumantla eNigeria. Eyokuqala kolu qweqwe olunzima lwabafundi besikolo inokulandelwa kwi-2014 xa urhulumente waseNigeria wabika ukuba amaqela amaphekula e-Boko Haram athimbe abantwana abangamantombazana besikolo abangama-276 kwindawo yabo yokulala kwidolophu esemantla-mpuma eChibok, eBorno State (Ibrahim noMukhtar, 2017; Iwara , 2021).

Ngaphambi kweli xesha, kuye kwakho ukuhlaselwa nokubulawa kwabafundi besikolo eNigeria. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2013, abafundi abangamashumi amane ananye kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho omnye batshiswa bephila okanye badutyulwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sikaRhulumente iMamufo kwiPhondo laseYobe. Kwangaloo nyaka mnye, abafundi abangamashumi amane anesine kunye nootitshala babulawa kwiKholeji yezoLimo eGujba. NgoFebruwari 2014, abafundi abangamashumi amahlanu anesithoba babulawa kwiKholeji kaRhulumente yaseBuni Yadi. Ukuthunjwa kweChibok kulandele ngo-Ephreli 2014 (Verjee kunye neKwaja, 2021).

Ukusukela ngo-2014, bekukho ukuxhwilwa kwabantwana besikolo abangaphezu kwe-1000 ukuze bahlawulelwe ngamaqela emigulukudu kumantla eNigeria. Oku kulandelayo kubonisa ixesha lokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria:

• NgoAprili 14, 2014: Amantombazana esikolo angama-276 axhwilwa kwiSikolo iGovernment Girls Secondary School eChibok, kwiLizwana laseBorno. Nangona uninzi lwamantombazana sele luhlangulwe, abanye babulewe okanye basaduka de kube ngoku.
• NgoFebruwari 19, 2018: Abafundi be-110 ababhinqileyo bathunjwa kwiKholeji yezobuGcisa i-Government Girls Science e-Dapchi, kwi-Yobe State. Uninzi lwabo lwakhululwa emva kweeveki.
• NgoDisemba 11, 2020: Abafundi abangamadoda abangama-303 baxhwilwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iSayensi kaRhulumente, eKankara, eKatsina State. Bakhululwa emva kweveki.
• NgoDisemba 19, 2020: Abafundi abangama-80 bathatyathwa kwisikolo seIslamiyya kwidolophu yaseMahuta, kwiLizwana laseKatsina. Amapolisa kunye neqela lawo lokuzikhusela lasekuhlaleni ngokukhawuleza abakhulula aba bafundi kubaqweqwedisi babo.
• NgoFebruwari 17, 2021: Abantu abangama-42, kuquka abafundi abangama-27 baxhwilwa kwiKholeji kaRhulumente yeSayensi, eKagara, kwiLizwana laseNiger, ngoxa omnye wabafundi wabulawa ebudeni bohlaselo.
• NgoFebruwari 26, 2021: Bamalunga nama-317 abafundi abangamantombazana baxhwilwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iGovernment Girls Science Secondary School, eJangebe, kwiLizwana laseZamfara.
• Ngo-Matshi 11, 2021: Abafundi be-39 bathunjwa kwi-Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, e-Afaka, e-Kaduna State.
• Ngomhla we-13 kuMatshi, ngo-2021: Kwabakho iinzame zokuhlasela kwiSikolo saMazwe ngaMazwe saseTurkey, eRigachikun, kwiLizwana laseKaduna kodwa izicwangciso zabo zaphanziswa ngenxa yokwaziswa okufunyenwe ngumkhosi waseNigeria. Ngaloo mini, umkhosi waseNigeria uphinde wahlangulwa abantu be-180, kuquka nabafundi be-172 abavela kwi-Federal School of Forestry Mechanisation e-Afaka, eKaduna State. Umzamo odibeneyo womkhosi waseNigeria, amapolisa, kunye namavolontiya nawo athintele ukuhlaselwa kweSikolo seSekondari kaRhulumente, i-Ikara kwi-Kaduna state.
• NgoMatshi 15, 2021: Ootitshala aba-3 baxhwilwa kwiSikolo i-UBE Prayimari eRama, eBirnin Gwari, eKaduna State.
• Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Epreli 2021: Ubuncinci abafundi be-20 kunye nabasebenzi be-3 bathinjwa kwiYunivesithi yaseGreenfield, eKaduna State. Abaqweqwedisi babo babulala abafundi abahlanu ngelixa abanye bakhululwa ngoMeyi.
• Ngomhla wama-29 kuEpreli, 2021: Malunga nabafundi aba-4 baxhwilwa kwiSikolo sikaKumkani, eGana Ropp, eBarkin Ladi, ePlateau State. Abathathu kubo kamva babaleka kubathimbi babo.
• NgoMeyi 30, 2021: Abafundi abamalunga ne-136 nabafundisi-ntsapho abaliqela baxhwilwa kwiSikolo samaSilamsi iSalihu Tanko eTegina, eNiger State. Omnye wabo wafela eluvalelweni abanye bakhululwa ngo-Agasti.
• NgoJuni 11, 2021: Abafundi abasi-8 kunye nabahlohli abathile baxhwilwa eNuwa Bamali Polytechnic, eZaria, eKaduna State.
• NgoJuni 17, 2021: Ubuncinci i-100 labafundi kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho abahlanu baxhwilwa kwiKholeji yaBantwana baseFederal Government, eBirnin Yauri, eKebbi State.
• NgoJulayi 5, 2021: Bangaphezu kwe-120 abafundi abaqweqwedisiweyo kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo saseBethel Baptist, eDamishi eKaduna State
• Ngo-Agasti 16, 2021: Abafundi abamalunga ne-15 bathinjwa kwiKholeji yezoLimo kunye neMpilo yeZilwanyana eBakura, eZamfara State.
• NgoAgasti 18, 2021: Abafundi abasithoba baxhwilwa besendleleni egodukayo bevela kwiSikolo iIslamiyya eSakkai, kwiLizwekazi laseKatsina.
• NgoSeptemba 1, 2021: Malunga nabafundi abangama-73 baxhwilwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sikaRhulumente saseKaya, eZamfara State (Egobiambu, 2021; Ojelu, 2021; Verjee and Kwaja, 2021; Yusuf, 2021).

Umba wokuxhwilwa kwabafundi uxhaphakile kwilizwe liphela kwaye ubangela unxunguphalo kuphuhliso lweli lizwe lokuxhwilwa ngenjongo yokuhlawulela, oluneziphumo ezibi kwicandelo lezemfundo. Iyingxaki ke le kuba ibeka imfundo yabafundi emngciphekweni kwilizwe elinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu abantwana abaphumayo esikolweni nabangaphumanga esikolweni, ingakumbi abantwana abangamantombazana. Ngaphezu koko, iNigeria isengozini yokuvelisa 'isizukulwana esilahlekileyo' sabantwana abakubudala besikolo abaphulukene nemfundo kwaye ngenxa yoko amathuba ekamva okuphumelela nokuzikhupha kunye neentsapho zabo kubuhlwempu.

Ifuthe lokuxhwilwa kwezikolo linamacala amaninzi kwaye likhokelela kumonzakalo ngokwasemoyeni nasengqondweni kubazali nakubantwana besikolo kwabo baqweqwediweyo, ukudodobala koqoqosho ngenxa yokungakhuseleki okwandileyo, nto leyo etyeshela utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kuba abaqweqwedisi benza urhulumente ukuba angalawuleki kwaye atsalele igama elibi. ingqalelo kumazwe ngamazwe. Le ngxaki ke ngoko idinga indlela yabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi eqhutywa ngabantu abatsha kunye nabezokhuselo ukuze bayiphelise.

Injongo yeProjekthi

yethu Ukomelezwa koLutsha, abaSebenzi basekuHlaleni kunye neNtsebenziswano yeMibutho yoKhuseleko ukuthomalalisa ukuQotywa kweZikolo ikho ukukhawulelana nokwanda kokuxhwilwa kwabafundi kutsha nje. Iprojekthi yethu ijonge ukomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi kwamapolisa nabantu abatsha ukunciphisa izehlo zokuxhwilwa kwezikolo. Kubekho umsantsa kunye nokuqhawuka kwentembeko phakathi kwabantu abatsha nabezokhuseleko ingakumbi amapolisa njengoko kubonwe ngethuba loqhanqalazo lwe #EndSARS oluchasene nempatho-nkohlakalo yamapolisa ngoOkthobha 2020. Uqhanqalazo olukhokelwa lulutsha lwafikelela esiphelweni esimanyumnyezi ngeLekki Massacre kaOkthobha. Ngomhla wama-20, 2020 xa amapolisa kunye nomkhosi bavula ngeembumbulu kubaqhankqalazi abalulutsha abangenakuzikhusela.

Iprojekthi yethu entsha ekhokelwa lulutsha iya kugxila ekudaleni iibhulorho phakathi kwala maqela ukuguqula ubudlelwane bawo obuchaseneyo bube bobo bentsebenziswano obuya kunciphisa ukuxhwilwa ezikolweni. Injongo yale projekthi kukuzisa ulutsha, abadlali basekuhlaleni kunye nabezokhuselo ukuba basebenzisane ekunciphiseni umba wokuxhwilwa kwezikolo ngenjongo yokuhlawulelwa. Lo mkhwa umbi ufuna indlela yentsebenziswano ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lolutsha esikolweni nokukhusela ilungelo labo lokufunda kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo. Injongo yale projekthi kukuqinisa intsebenziswano yolutsha, abadlali basekuhlaleni kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ukunciphisa ukuxhwilwa kwezikolo. Iinjongo zezi:

1. Ukuqinisa amandla olutsha, abathathi-nxaxheba boluntu kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ukunciphisa ukuxhwilwa kwezikolo.
2. Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kolutsha, abadlali boluntu kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ngokusebenzisa amaqonga eengxoxo ukunciphisa ukuxhwilwa kwezikolo.

yophando Ulwazi

Ukomeleza ulutsha, abadlali boluntu, kunye nentsebenziswano yemikhosi yokhuseleko ukunciphisa ukuxhwilwa kwezikolo eNigeria, i World Beyond war Iqela laseNigeria ligqibe ekubeni liqhube uphando lwe-intanethi ukufumana imbono yoluntu ngokubanzi malunga nezizathu kunye nefuthe lokuxhwilwa kwesikolo kunye neengcebiso zabo kwindlela eya phambili ekwenzeni izikolo zikhuseleke kubafundi.

Ikhweshine ekwi-intanethi evaliweyo yobungakanani bento eyi-14 eyilwe yaza yenziwa yafumaneka kubathathi-nxaxheba nge-template yefom kaGoogle. Ulwazi lokuqala malunga neprojekthi lunikezelwe kubathathi-nxaxheba kwicandelo lentshayelelo lemibuzo. Iinkcukacha zobuqu ezifana negama, inombolo yomnxeba kunye nedilesi ye-imeyile zenziwe ukuba zikhetheke ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathabathi-nxaxheba babeziimpendulo zabo ziyimfihlo kwaye bakhululekile ukuba baphume ekubeni bazive benolwazi olunovakalelo olunokuphazamisa amalungelo abo kunye namalungelo abo.

Ikhonkco likaGoogle elikwi-intanethi lasasazwa kubathathi-nxaxheba ngamaqonga onxibelelwano ahlukeneyo afana ne-WhatsApp yamalungu eqela laseNigeria leWBW. Bekungekho minyaka ekujoliswe kuyo, isini, okanye inani labantu kuphononongo njengoko silushiye luvulekele wonke umntu kuba ukuxhwilwa esikolweni sisisoyikiso kubo bonke nokuba bubudala okanye isini. Ekupheleni kwexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha, iimpendulo ezili-128 zafunyanwa kubantu ngabanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe.

Inxalenye yokuqala yoluhlu lwemibuzo igxile ekufuneni iimpendulo kwinkcazelo yobuqu yabaphenduli njengegama, idilesi ye-imeyile, kunye nenombolo yomnxeba. Oku kwalandelwa yimibuzo malunga noluhlu lobudala lwabathathi-nxaxheba, imeko yokuhlala kwabo, nokuba bahlala kumazwe achatshazelwe kukuxhwilwa esikolweni. Kubathathi-nxaxheba be-128, i-51.6% yayiphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 kunye ne-35; 40.6% phakathi kwama-36 nama-55; ngelixa i-7.8% ibineminyaka engama-56 nangaphezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, kwabaphendulayo abali-128, abangama-39.1% banike ingxelo yokuba bahlala kumaphondo achatshazelwe kukuxhwilwa esikolweni; I-52.3% iphendule ngeli lixayo, lo gama i-8.6% isithi ayazi ukuba imeko abahlala kuyo iphakathi kwemimandla echatshazelwa yimiba yokuxhwilwa kwezikolo:

Iziphumo zophando

Eli candelo lilandelayo libonisa iziphumo zophando oluqhutywa kwi-intanethi kunye nabaphenduli abali-128 abavela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe:

Iimbangela zokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria

Ukusukela ngoDisemba ka-2020 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho amatyala angaphezulu kwe-10 okuxhwilwa ngobuninzi kwabantwana besikolo ngakumbi kumantla welizwe. Uphando oluqhutywe ngabaphengululi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo lubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezikhuthazayo zokuxhwila ukusuka kwintlalo-qoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ukuya kwiinjongo zenkcubeko kunye nezithethe, kunye nale miba idibeneyo. Iziphumo zophononongo ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukuba izinto ezinje ngontswela-ngqesho, intlupheko egqithisileyo, inkolo egqwethekileyo, ubukho beendawo ezingalawulwayo, kunye nokukhula kokungakhuseleki zezona zizathu ziphambili zokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria. Amashumi amathathu anesibini eepesenti abantu abathe baphendula bathi unyuso lwengxowa-mali yezenzo zobunqolobi sesinye sezizathu ezibangela ukwanda kwamva nje kokuxhwilwa kwezikolo eNigeria.

Ngokunjalo, i-27.3% iqaqambise intswela-ngqesho ukuba ibe ngomnye unobangela wokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria. Ngokufanayo, i-19.5% yachaza ukuba intlupheko imele enye intlupheko. Ukongeza, i-14.8% ibonise ubukho beendawo ezingalawulwayo.

Impembelelo yokuXhwalwa kweSikolo kunye nokuvalwa kweSikolo kwiMfundo eNigeria

Ukubaluleka kwemfundo kuluntu oluneenkcubeko ezininzi njengeNigeria akunakugxininiswa. Nangona kunjalo, imfundo esemgangathweni kumatyeli amaninzi, isoyikiswa kwaye yonakaliswa sisisongelo sokuxhwilwa. Isenzo esisuka kwingingqi yeNiger Delta yelizwe, ngokudabukisayo, sinyuke ngokukhawuleza ukuba ibe lishishini lemini phantse kuyo yonke ingingqi yelizwe. Inkxalabo eninzi iye yavela mva nje ngempembelelo yokuxhwilwa kwesikolo eNigeria. Oku kususela kwinkxalabo yabazali yokungakhuseleki, ukusa kulutsha oluye luhendelwa kwishishini ‘elinengeniso’ lokuqweqwedisa libangela ukuba lungayi esikolweni ngabom.

Oku kubonakaliswa kwiimpendulo zophando olwenziweyo njengoko i-33.3% yabaphenduli ivuma ukuba ukuqweqwedisa iziphumo zokulahlekelwa ngumdla wabafundi kwimfundo, kwakhona, enye i-33.3% yeempendulo iyavumelana nefuthe lako kumgangatho ophantsi wemfundo. Amaxesha amaninzi, xa kuxhwilwa ezikolweni, abantwana besikolo bathunyelwa ekhaya, okanye barhoxiswe ngabazali babo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, izikolo zihlala zivaliwe iinyanga.

Elona futhe liyingozi kakhulu kuxa abafundi bengenzi nto, bathanda ukuhendelwa kwisenzo sokuxhwila. Abenzi bobubi babahenda ngendlela yokuba, baveze “ishishini” njengento enengeniso kubo. Kucace gca ekwenyukeni kwenani labantu abaselula ababandakanyekayo ekuqweqwedisweni kwezikolo eNigeria. Ezinye iimpembelelo zinokubandakanya ukwenzakala ngokwasemoyeni, ukuqaliswa konqulo lwenkolo, ukuba sisixhobo ezandleni zabantu abathile abakumgangatho ophezulu njengezigebenga, oonogada abathile bezopolitiko, ukwaziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha okubi kwezentlalo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukudlwengulwa kwemigewu, njl.njl.

Iingcebiso zoMgaqo-nkqubo

INigeria iya isiba ingakhuselekanga kangangokuba akukho ndawo ikhuselekileyo. Nokuba kusesikolweni, ecaweni, okanye kwindawo yokuhlala yabucala, abemi bahlala besengozini yokuba ngamaxhoba okuxhwilwa. Nangona kunjalo, abaphenduli bebenoluvo lokuba ukwanda kwangoku kokuxhwilwa kwezikolo kwenze kwanzima kubazali nabagcini babantwana kummandla ochaphazelekayo ukuba baqhubeleke nokuthumela abantwana/iiwadi zabo esikolweni kuba besoyika ukuxhwilwa. Izindululo ezininzi zinikezelwe ngaba baphendulayo ukunceda ukujongana nezizathu zokuxhwilwa kunye nezisombululo zeproffer zokunciphisa izenzo ezinjalo eNigeria. Ezi ngcebiso zinike abantu abancinci umsebenzi, abadlali basekuhlaleni, ii-arhente zokhuseleko, kunye norhulumente waseNigeria ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo abanokuthi bawathathe ukulwa nokuxhwilwa esikolweni:

1. Kukho imfuneko yokomeleza amandla olutsha okusebenza ekunciphiseni ukuxhwilwa esikolweni eNigeria:

Abantu abatsha bangaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi kwaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwizigqibo ezichaphazela ilizwe. Ngokuxhaphaka kokuxhwilwa kwezikolo kwiindawo ezohlukeneyo zelizwe kunye neempembelelo ezimbi ezinazo kuluntu lolutsha, kufuneka babandakanyeke ngokupheleleyo ekuziseni izisombululo zokuhlangabezana nalo mngcipheko. Ngokuhambelana noku, i-56.3% icebisa imfuno yokhuseleko olwandisiweyo ezikolweni kunye nephulo elingakumbi lokuvuselela nokwazisa abantu abatsha. Ngokunjalo, i-21.1% iphakamisa ukudalwa kwamapolisa oluntu ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezithanda olu hlaselo. Kwangokunjalo, i-17.2 lepesenti yacebisa ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho ezikolweni. Ngaphezu koko, i-5.4% iye yaxhasa ukuyilwa kwabaqeqeshi kunye neqela elisabela kwangoko.

2. Kukho imfuneko yokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi korhulumente waseNigeria, abantu abatsha, abadlali bemibutho yoluntu, kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ekunciphiseni imiba yokuxhwilwa kwezikolo eNigeria:

Ukuze kwakhiwe intsebenziswano esebenzayo phakathi korhulumente waseNigeria, abantu abatsha, abadlali boluntu, kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ekunciphiseni imiba yokuthunjwa kwezikolo kwilizwe, i-33.6% icebisa ukusekwa kwamaqela asekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo. Kwangokunjalo, ama-28.1% acebise ukuba amapolisa asekuhlaleni abumba abathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo kwaye babaqeqeshe ngendlela yokusabela kule miba. Enye i-17.2% ithethelele iingxoxo phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo. Ezinye iingcebiso ziquka ukuqinisekiswa kokuphendula phakathi kwabo bonke abachaphazelekayo.

3. Kukho imfuneko yokwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabantu abatsha kunye nee-arhente ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko eNigeria:

Abaphenduli baqaphele ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kokuthembana phakathi kolutsha kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo, ngakumbi imikhosi yokhuseleko. Ngoko ke bacebise izicwangciso ezininzi zokwakha ukuthembana, ezinye zazo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokuyila, ukufundisa abantu abatsha ngendima yee-arhente ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko, ukufundisa abachaphazelekayo ngokuziphatha kokuthembeka, kunye nokwakha uluntu malunga nemisebenzi yokwakha ukuthembana.

4. Imikhosi yokhuseleko yaseNigeria kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngcono ukuze ijongane nokuxhwila eNigeria:

Urhulumente waseNigeria kufuneka axhase ii-arhente ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko ngokuzinika zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukujongana naba baqweqwedisi. I-47% yabaphenduli bacebise ukuba urhulumente kufuneka abonelele ngokusetyenziswa okuphuculweyo kobuchwepheshe kwimisebenzi yabo. Kwangokunjalo, ama-24.2 % akhuthaze ukuxhotyiswa ngezakhono kumalungu omkhosi wokhuseleko. Ngokunjalo, i-18% yachaza ukuba kukho isiphakamiso sokuba kukho imfuneko yokwakha intsebenziswano kunye nokuthembana phakathi kwemikhosi yezokhuseleko. Ezinye izindululo zibandakanya ukubonelelwa kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kumkhosi wokhuseleko. Kwakhona kukho imfuneko yokuba urhulumente waseNigeria andise imali eyabelwe ii-arhente ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko ukuze zibakhuthaze ukuba benze umsebenzi wabo.

5. Ucinga ukuba urhulumente angenza ntoni ukuphucula ukhuseleko ezikolweni nokuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kubafundi nakootitshala?

Intswela-ngqesho kunye nentlupheko zichongiwe njengenye yezizathu zokuxhwilwa kwezikolo eNigeria. I-38.3% yabaphenduli bacebisa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka abonelele ngengqesho ezinzileyo kunye nentlalontle yabemi bakhe. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakwaqaphele ukulahleka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha phakathi kwabemi ngoko ke i-24.2% yabo yakhuthaza intsebenziswano engcono phakathi kweenkokeli zezenkolo, icandelo labucala, kunye nezifundiswa ekwaziseni nasekudaleni ulwazi. I-18.8% yabaphenduli baphinde baqaphela ukuba ukuthunjwa kwesikolo eNigeria kuya kuxhaphake kakhulu ngenxa yobukho beendawo ezininzi ezingalawulwayo ngoko ke urhulumente kufuneka enze iinzame zokukhusela iindawo ezinjalo.

isiphelo

Ukuxhwilwa kwezikolo kuyanda eNigeria kwaye kugquba ngakumbi kumantla welizwe. Izinto ezifana nentlupheko, ukungasebenzi, inkolo, ukungakhuseleki, kunye nobukho beendawo ezingalawulwayo zachongwa njengezinye zezizathu zokuthunjwa kwesikolo eNigeria. Ngokudityaniswa nokungakhuseleki okuqhubekayo kweli lizwe, ukwanda kokuxhwilwa kwezikolo kweli lizwe kuye kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuthenjwa kwenkqubo yemfundo yaseNigeria, ethe yandisa ngakumbi inani labafundi abaphuma esikolweni. Ke ngoko kukho imfuneko yokuba zonke izandla zibe kumgangatho wokuthintela ukuxhwilwa esikolweni. Ulutsha, abadlali basekuhlaleni, kunye namaziko okhuseleko awahlukeneyo kufuneka basebenzisane ukuze bafumane izisombululo ezisisigxina zokunqanda lo mngcipheko.

Ucaphulo

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I-Ekechukwu, i-PC kunye ne-Osaat, i-SD 2021. Ukuthunjwa eNigeria: Ingozi yentlalo kumaziko emfundo, ubukho bomntu kunye nobunye. Uphuhliso, 4 (1), iphepha 46-58.

Fage, KS & Alabi, DO (2017). Urhulumente waseNigeria kunye nezopolitiko. Abuja: Basfa Global Concept Ltd.

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Verjee, A. kunye neKwaja, CM 2021. Ubhubhani wokuthunjwa: Ukutolika ukuthunjwa kwesikolo kunye nokungakhuselekanga eNigeria. African Studies Quarterly, 20 (3), iphepha 87-105.

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