Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba eVictorville nakuyo yonke indawo yaseCalifornia angcolisekile yiPFAS, “imichiza yanaphakade.”
NguPat Mdala, nge-23 kaFebruwari ngo-2020, World BEYOND War
NgoSeptemba 10, i-2018 iBhodi yaManzi yeNgingqi yaseLahontan wavavanya amanzi equla yendlu kaMnu noNksk. Kenneth Culberton ekwi-18399 Shay Road eVictorville, eCalifornia. Amanzi afunyenwe enamanqanaba aphezulu angama-25 ahlukeneyo eekhemikhali zePFAS, ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-carcinogens zabantu. Ikhaya likaCulberton likumakhulu ambalwa eemitha ukusuka kumda osempuma weGeorge Air Force Base evaliweyo.
UCulberton akavumanga udliwano-ndlebe ngoko ke siza kuxhomekeka kwirekhodi yoluntu. Ileta ayifumene kwiBhodi yoLawulo loMgangatho waManzi yeNgingqi yaseLahontan ngoFebruwari 11, 2019 ithi:
“Ngokusekwe kudliwano-ndlebe loMkhosi woMoya kunye nawe, siyaqonda ukuba wena nomqeshi wakho nisebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni njengomthombo wenu wamanzi, kwaye lo mthombo usetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela kuphela. Ukuthelekiswa koxinzelelo lwePFOS kunye nePFOA edityanisiweyo kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo lwe-USEPA (jonga le theyibhile ingezantsi) icebisa ukuba la manzi omthombo akanakulungela ukusetyenziswa ngabantu njengoko edlula inqanaba le-HA yobomi.
Indlu esecaleni komnyango, ibekwe kwa 18401 Shay Road, kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomthombo ongcolisekileyo ngendlela efanayo. Ipropati yathengiswa ngoJuni 19, 2018 kuMateyu Arnold Villarreal njengomnini yedwa. Ukudluliselwa kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba iqula lihlolwe yibhodi yamanzi. UVillarreal unguMlawuli woBonelelo lwaManzi weSebe lezaManzi leSixeko saseVictorville. Inqanaba longcoliseko lwamanye amaqula abucala kwindawo yaseGeorge AFB alaziwa.
I-George Air Force Base, eyavala ngo-1992, yasebenzisa i-foam-forming foam (AFFF) emanzi kwi-exercise yoqeqesho lomlilo, kunye nezinye iziseko eziphantse zibe yi-50 kurhulumente. Izinto ze-Per- kunye ne-poly fluoroalkyl, okanye i-PFAS, yinto esebenzayo kwi-foams, eyavunyelwa ukuba ingene emanzini aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kokwazi ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1970 ukuba olu qheliselo lubeka esichengeni impilo yabantu, umkhosi usaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imichiza ekufakeni e-US nakwihlabathi liphela.
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aqokelelwe ngoSeptemba 19, 2018 e Imveliso Kakuhle Adelanto 4 I-Victorville, kufuphi ne-intersection ye-Turner Road kunye ne-Phantom East, nayo yabonisa ubukho bamanqanaba anobungozi beekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ze-PFAS. Isaziso esivela kwiBhodi yoLawulo loMgangatho waManzi yeNgingqi yaseLahontan sabhekiswa ku: Ray Cordero, uMphathi waManzi, kwiSixeko sase-Adelanto, kwiSebe lezaManzi.
Imbono esuka kwi-Phantom Road East ekudibaneni kwayo neTurner Road.
Ngokuka-Okthobha, 2005 George AFB Advisory Board Advisory Report (RAB) Adjournment Report, imibhobho yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba equlethe izingcolisi
wafudukela kumaqula amanzi okusela okanye kuMlambo iMojave. “Amanzi okusela ekuhlaleni asaqhubeka ekhuselekile ukuba angasetyenziswa,” ngokwengxelo yokugqibela.
Abantu basekuhlaleni kusenokwenzeka ukuba basela amanzi anetyhefu kangangezizukulwana ezibini. Iibhodi zeeNgcebiso ngoBuyiselo bagxekwe ukucutha ungcoliseko oluqatha lokusingqongileyo olubangelwa ngumkhosi ngelixa usebenzela ukulandelela kunye nokuqulatha ukuchasana noluntu.
Amanzi aseCulberton abeka ubhubhane wePFAS kwimbono. Le tshathi ilandelayo ithathwe kwileta yebhodi yamanzi eya kuMnu noNksk. Kenneth Culberton:
Igama ug/L ppt
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate .0066 6.6
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate .0066 6.6
EtFOSA .0100 10
EtFOSAA .0033 3.3
EtFOSE .0079 7.9
MeFOSA .0130 13
MeFOSAA .0029 2.9
MeFOSE .012 12
Perfluorobutanoic acid .013 13
Perfluorobutane Sulfonate .020 20
Perfluorodecane Sulfonate .0060 6
Perfluoroheptanoic Acid (PFHpA) .037 37
Perfluoroheptane sulfonate .016 16
I-Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) .072 72
I-Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) .540 540
I-Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) .0087 8.7
I-Perfluourooctane Sulonamide (PFOSA) .0034 3.4
Perfluoropentanoic Acid PFPeA .051 51
Perfluourotetradecanoic Acid .0027 2.7
Perfluourotridacanoic Acid .0038 3.8
I-Perfluouroundecanoic Acid (PFUnA) .0050 5.0
I-Perfluourodecanoic Acid (PFDA) .0061 6.1
I-Perfluorododecanoic Acid (PFDoA) .0050 5.0
I-Perfluouro-n-Octanoic Acid (PFOA) .069 69
I-Perfluourooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) .019 19
Iikhompawundi ze-25 PFAS ezifunyenwe eCulberton ziphelele kakuhle iinxalenye ze-940 ngetriliyoni nganye (ppt.) Akukho rhulumente wobumbano okanye ilizwe laseCalifornia umkhondo okanye ulawule ungcoliseko kumaqula abucala. Ngeli xesha, izazinzulu zempilo yoluntu ziye zalumkisa ngesiphumo esongezelekayo sezi carcinogens. Amagosa aphezulu ezempilo karhulumente athi i-1 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini okusela inokuba yingozi. IThala leencwadi leSizwe leMithi ye-NIH libonelela ngobuchule obuqaqambileyo injini yokukhangela ebonelela ngeziphumo eziyityhefu zezingcolisi zingentla, kunye nezinye ezifumaneka rhoqo kumanzi okusela kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Izinto ezininzi ziyingozi xa zithe zadibana nolusu. Cofa ngokulula kwikhonkco kwisiza se-NIH ngasentla ukuqalisa inkqubo yokuphanda iimpembelelo ezimbi kwimpilo yabantu. Eminye yale michiza isetyenziswa kunye nezitshabalalisi njengezithako ezisebenzayo kwizithiyelo zeimbovane. Ukongeza, iikhemikhali ezininzi zePFAS ezichazwe ngasentla zinokubangela okanye zibe negalelo kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Utshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni yegilo, ngakumbi kubantu abalupheleyo
- Ukufa kwisifo se-cerebrovascular
- Ukonyuka kwe-serum cholesterol kunye namanqanaba e-triglycerides
- Unxulumano oluhle phakathi kwamanqanaba ePFAS kunye ne-ADHD
- Amanqanaba ePFAS kamama ekukhulelweni kwangoko anxulunyaniswa nomjikelezo omncinci wesisu kunye nobude bokuzalwa.
- I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Unxulumano oluhle phakathi kokugxilwa koomama be-PFOA kunye nenani leziqephu zengqele eqhelekileyo ebantwaneni
- Ukwandiswa kweziqephu ze-gastroenteritis.
- Utshintsho kwiDNA
- Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-prostate, isibindi kunye nomhlaza wezintso
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi kunye nengqondo
- Ukuvutha komoya kunye nokutshintsha umsebenzi womoya
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuzala kwamadoda
- Impendulo ye-hypoactive kwi-nicotine
Emngciphekweni wokubetha i-mutagen yehashe elifileyo, ezimbini zezona zingcoliseko zePFAS zixhaphakileyo kumanzi aseCulberton - PFHxS (540 ppt) kunye nePFHxA (72 ppt) zikho ngokungaqhelekanga kumaqula amanzi kamasipala waseCalifornia asetyenziselwa amanzi okusela. Akukho rhulumente womdibaniso okanye urhulumente ubonakala ekhathazeke kakhulu ngezi zingcolisi. Endaweni yoko, zilungiswa nje zibe mbini kwiintlobo ezingama-6,000 zeekhemikhali ze-PFAS-PFOS & PFOA- ezingasaveliswanga okanye zingasetyenziswa.
Ngomhla we-6 kaFebruwari, 2020 iBhodi yoLawulo lweMithombo yaManzi yaseCalifornia yehlise “iNqanaba lokuPhendula” laya kutsho kwiinxalenye ezili-10 ngetriliyoni (ppt) yePFOA kunye ne-40 ppt yePFOS. Ukuba inkqubo yamanzi idlula amanqanaba okuphendula kula ma-carcinogens, inkqubo iyafuneka ukuba ikhuphe umthombo wamanzi ngaphandle kwenkonzo okanye ibonelele ngesaziso soluntu kwiintsuku ezingama-30 zokufumanisa okuqinisekisiweyo. Ngeli xesha, kumaqula angama-568 avavanywa ngurhulumente ngo-2019, ali-164 afunyenwe equlathe iPFHxS kwaye i-111 iqulathe iPFHxA.
Ngokukodwa, i-PFHxS ifunyenwe kwigazi le-umbilical cord kwaye idluliselwe kwi-embryo ukuya kumlinganiselo omkhulu kunoko kuxelwe kwi-PFOS. Ukuvezwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kwi-PFHxS kunxulunyaniswa nokuvela kwezifo ezosulelayo, ezinje nge-ottis media, inyumoniya, intsholongwane ye-RS, kunye ne-varicella kubomi bokuqala.
Ukuvezwa kwe-PFHxA kunokunxulunyaniswa neGilbert Syndrome, isifo sesibindi sofuzo, nangona izinto azizange zifundwe ngokubanzi. Ezi tshathi zilandelayo zichaza iinkqubo zamanzi zikarhulumente ezinamaqondo aphezulu e-PFHxS kunye ne-PFHxS kumaqula asetyenziselwa amanzi okusela, ngokusekwe kwidatha elinganiselweyo ka-2019:
Inkqubo yaManzi PFHxS kwi-ppt.
San Luis Obispo Partners 360
JM Sims – San Luis Obispo 260
I-CB & I Constructors (SLO 240
Strasbaugh, Inc.(SLO) 110
Whitson Ind. Park San Luis Obispo 200
Ukhozi oluGolide – Contra Costa Co. 187
Oroville 175
Zone 7 Livermore 90
IPleasanton 77
ICorona 61
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Inkqubo yaManzi FFHxA kwi-ppt.
San Luis Obispo Partners 300
JM Sims – San Luis Obispo 220
Mariposa 77
Burbank 73
Pactiv LLC 59
USanta Clarita 52
Friendly Acres – Tehama Co. 43
Pactiv LLC 59
EValencia 37
ICorona 34
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Zonke iikhemikhali zePFAS ziyingozi. Ziyityhefu, zihamba kakhulu kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu, kunye ne-bio accumulative. Owasetyhini okhulelweyo eVictorville naye wonke umntu kwenye indawo kufuneka alunyukiswe ukuba angaseli amanzi anePFAS.
