Iveki enye emva kokuba i-White House ibhengeze ukuba ithathela ingqalelo isenzo somkhosi ngokuchasene neNorth Korea
NguStephen Gowans, Yintoni Eseleyo.
I-United States kunye ne-South Korea ziqhuba i-exercises yazo enkulu yasemkhosini kwi-peninsula yaseKorea [1], kwiveki enye emva kokuba i-White House ibhengeze ukuba iqwalasela isenzo somkhosi esichasene neNorth Korea ukuzisa utshintsho lolawulo. [2] Imithambo ekhokelwa yi-US ibandakanya:
• 300,000 South Korea amajoni
• I-17,000 yamajoni ase-US
• I-supercarrier USS Carl Vinson
• I-US F-35B kunye ne-F-22 i-stealth fighters
• Iibhombu zase-US B-18 kunye ne-B-52
• I-F-15s yaseMzantsi Korea kunye ne-KF-16s yejetfighters. [3]
Ngelixa i-United States ileyibhile u-drill "njengokuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo" [4] i-nomenclature iyalahlekisa. Umthambo awuzikhuseli ngendlela yokuziqhelanisa nokugxotha uhlaselo lwaseNyakatho Korea kunye nokutyhala imikhosi yaseNyakatho Korea ibuyele ngaphaya kwe-38th parallel xa kuhlaselwe iNorth Korea, kodwa cinga ngohlaselo lwaseNyakatho Korea ukuze yenze amandla ayo enyukliya. izixhobo, atshabalalise umyalelo wayo womkhosi, aze abulale inkokeli yawo.
Imithambo inokuchazwa kuphela “njengokuzikhusela” ukuba yenziwe njengamalungiselelo empendulo kuqhankqalazo lokuqala lwaseMntla Korea, okanye njengempendulo elungiselelwe kwangaphambili kugwayimbo olulindelekileyo. Kuso nasiphi na isiganeko, imithambo inxulumene nohlaselo, kwaye isikhalazo sikaPyongyang sokuba imikhosi yase-US kunye ne-Korea yase-Korea iqhuba uhlaselo siyasebenza.
Kodwa ukubakho kohlaselo lwaseNyakatho Korea kuMzantsi Korea mncinci kakhulu. I-Pyongyang igqwesile kwezomkhosi yiSeoul ngento ephantse ibe yi-4:1, [5] kwaye imikhosi yaseMzantsi Korea inokuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zezixhobo eziphucuke kakhulu kuneNorth Korea. Ukongeza, umkhosi waseMzantsi Korea awuxhaswanga kuphela, kodwa uphantsi komyalelo womkhosi wase-US onamandla ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Uhlaselo lwaseNyakatho Korea kuMzantsi Korea luya kuzibulala, kwaye ke ngoko sinokuyijonga into enokwenzeka njengento engekhoyo, ngakumbi xa kukhankanywa imfundiso yenyukliya yase-US evumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngokuchasene neNorth Korea. Ewe, iinkokeli zase-US ziye zakhumbuza iinkokeli zaseNyakatho Korea izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba ilizwe labo lingaguqulwa libe “yibriquette yamalahle.” [6] Ukuba nabani na onesiphumo kwilizwe lase-US ukholelwa ngokwenene ukuba uMzantsi Korea uphantsi kwesisongelo sokuhlaselwa nguMantla uyabonakala.
Uqheliselo lwenziwa ngaphakathi kweNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-Operation Plan 5015 “enenjongo yokususa izixhobo zaseMantla zembubhiso enkulu kunye nokulungiselela … ugwayimbo lwangaphambili xa kuthe kwabakho uhlaselo lwaseMntla Korea, kunye nohlaselo 'lokunqunyulwa kwentloko'. kujoliswe kubunkokeli.” [7]
Ngokubhekiselele kuhlaselo lwe-decapitation, uqheliselo lubandakanya "iiYunithi zeMishini eziKhethekileyo zase-US ezijongene nokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden ngo-2011, kubandakanya neQela le-SEAL leSithandathu." [8] Ngokutsho kwelinye iphephandaba, “ukuba nenxaxheba kwemikhosi ekhethekileyo kolu qeqesho…kusenokuba kubonisa ukuba la macala mabini aqhelisela ukubulawa kukaKim Jong Un.” [9]
Igosa lase-US lixelele i-arhente yeendaba yase-Yonhap yaseMzantsi Korea ukuba “Inani elikhulu nangakumbi lamajoni akhethekileyo ahlukeneyo ase-US aza kuthabatha inxaxheba kulo nyaka… ” [10]
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kuqheliselo oluxhokonxayo kakhulu-olungenaziphumo zimbi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abantu baseNyakatho Korea kwaye babekwe phantsi kwesoyikiso esisondeleyo-umphathiswa wezokhuselo welizwe laseMzantsi Korea wabhengeza ukuba "uMzantsi Korea kunye ne-US bezibeke esweni iintshukumo Amajoni aseNorth Korea alungiselela ukuxhokonxa okunokwenzeka. ” [11]
Umbono wokuba iWashington kunye neSeoul kufuneka ziphapheme malunga 'nezixhokonxa' zaseNyakatho Korea, ngexesha i-Pentagon kunye neqabane layo laseMzantsi Korea beziqhelanisa nohlaselo kunye 'noqhankqalazo' oluchasene neNorth Korea, imele into ebizwa ngokuba yingcali yaseMpuma Asia uTim Beal. "uhlobo olulodwa olungeyonyani." [12] Ukongeza kwinto engeyonyani yinto yokuba ukuziqhelanisa nokuhlasela kuza kwizithende zeWhite House ibhengeza. i-urbi kunye ne-orbi ukuba iqwalasela isenzo somkhosi esichasene noMntla Korea ukuzisa utshintsho lolawulo.
Ngo-2015, abantu baseNyakatho Korea bacebise ukuba bayinqumamise inkqubo yabo yezixhobo zenyukliya ukuze i-United States iyeke ukuzilolonga emkhosini kwi-peninsula. Isebe lase-US lisikhabile esi sicelo, lisithi linxibelelanisa ngendlela engafanelekanga "inkqubo" yase-United States yoqeqesho lwasemkhosini kwinto eyayifunwa yiWashington ePyongyang, eyile, idenuclearization. [13] Endaweni yoko, iWashington "inyanzelise ukuba iNyakatho iyeke inkqubo yayo yezixhobo zenyukliya kuqala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho uthethathethwano". [14]
Kwi-2016, abantu baseNyakatho Korea benza isiphakamiso esifanayo. Emva koko umongameli wase-US uBarack Obama waphendula wathi iPyongyang "kuya kufuneka yenze ngcono kunoko." [15]
Kwangaxeshanye, iBhunga eliLawulwe yiWall Street elinoBudlelwane baNgaphandle likhuphe ingxelo yabasebenzi ecebise iWashington ngokuchasene nokubetha isivumelwano soxolo neNorth Korea ngesizathu sokuba iPyongyang ingalindela ukuba imikhosi yase-US irhoxe kulo peninsula. Ukuba i-United States ibinokuwuyeka lo peninsula ngomkhosi, isikhundla sayo sobuchule malunga neTshayina neRussia, oko kukuthi, amandla ayo okusongela abo bakhuphisana nabo babini abasondeleyo, bekuya kuba buthathaka, ingxelo yalumkisa. Ngokufanelekileyo, iWashington yalelwa ukuba iyeke ukuthembisa iBeijing ukuba naluphi na uncedo olunikeziweyo ngokunxulumene neNorth Korea iya kuvuzwa ngokuncipha kobukho bamajoni aseMelika kwipeninsula. [16]
Kwangoko kule nyanga, i-China iphinde yavusa isiphakamiso esingapheliyo sikaPyongyang. “Ukuthomalalisa ingxaki ezayo kwi-peninsula, i-China [icebise] ukuba, njengenyathelo lokuqala, [iNorth Korea] inqumamise imijukujelwa kunye nemisebenzi yenyukliya ukuze kumiswe ukumiswa kwinqanaba elikhulu lase-US- [South Korea] imithambo. Oku kunqunyanyiswa, utshilo amaTshayina, "kunokusinceda ukuba siphume kwingxaki yokhuseleko kwaye sibuyisele amaqela kwitafile yothethathethwano." [17]
IWashington yasikhaba eso siphakamiso ngoko nangoko. Kwaba njalo ke neJapan. Unozakuzaku waseJapan kwi-UN ukhumbuze ihlabathi ukuba injongo ye-US “ayisiyiyo eyokuba ngumkhenkce kodwa kukutshabalalisa iNorth Korea.” [18] Okucacileyo kwesi sikhumbuzo yayisisihlomelo sokuba iUnited States ayizukuthatha manyathelo okuphelisa inyukliya indlela yayo yokujongana neNorth Korea (iWashington ixhoma ikrele lenyukliya leDamocles phezu kwePyongyang) kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba uhlaselo lonyaka. .
Ukwala ukuthetha-thethana, okanye ukufuna ukuba elinye icala linike ngokukhawuleza oko kufunwayo njengommiselo weentetho, (ndinike into endiyifunayo, emva koko ndiza kuthetha), iyahambelana nendlela eya eNyakatho Korea eyamkelwa yiWashington kwasekuqaleni. njengo-2003. Ekhuthazwa nguPyongyang ukuba athethe isivumelwano soxolo, uNobhala welizwe wase-US uColin Powell wayeka. “Asizenzi izivumelwano ezingezizo ubundlobongela okanye izivumelwano, izinto ezilolo hlobo,” ucacise watsho uPowell. [19]
Njengenxalenye yokunganyaniseki okukhethekileyo okwakhiwe yi-United States, iRussia, okanye ngakumbi umongameli wayo, uVladimir Putin, utyholwa rhoqo nguWashington ngokwenza "ubundlongondlongo," ekuthiwa bubandakanya ukuzilolonga emkhosini ngakumda waseRussia neUkraine. Olu qheliselo, luphantse lube kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokuzilolonga kwe-US-South Korea, lubhalwe “luxhokonxa kakhulu” [20] ngamagosa ase-US, ngelixa i-Pentagon ekhokelwa yi-rehearsal yohlaselo lwaseNorth Korea ichazwa njengesiqhelo kwaye “ikhusela indalo. .”
Kodwa khawufane ucinge ukuba iMoscow ihlanganise imikhosi yaseRussia engama-300,000 kumda weUkraine, phantsi kwesicwangciso sokusebenza sokuhlasela iUkraine, yanciphisa izixhobo zayo zomkhosi, yatshabalalisa umyalelo wayo wasemkhosini, yabulala umongameli wayo, kwiveki enye emva kokuba i-Kremlin ibhengeze ukuba ithathela ingqalelo isenzo somkhosi. Ukraine ukuzisa utshintsho ulawulo. Ngubani, ngaphandle komntu ongene kuhlobo olukhethekileyo lwento engekho ngqiqweni, obenokuthi oku “kukuzithethelela ngokupheleleyo”?
1. “I-THAAD, uhlaselo ‘lokunqunyulwa kwentloko’ longeza kwii-drills ezintsha zamaqabane,” I-Korea Herald, kaMatshi 13, 2017; U-Elizabeth Shim, "i-US, i-South Korean drills ibandakanya iqela lokubulala i-bin Laden," i-UPI, ngo-Matshi 13, i-2017.
2. UJonathan Cheng no-Alastair Gale, "Uvavanyo lwe-missile yaseNyakatho Korea luvuselela uloyiko lwe-ICBM," I-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Matshi 7, i-2017.
3. “S. IKorea, i-US iqala uqheliselo lomkhosi olukhulu olwakha lwadityaniswa,” iKBS World, 5 Matshi 2017; Jun Ji-hye, "Uqeqesho lokubetha iN. Korea luyenzeka," Korea Times, ngoMatshi 13, 2017.
4. Jun Ji-hye, "Ii-Drills zokubetha i-N. Korea ezenzekayo," iKorea Times, ngoMatshi 13, i-2017.
5. UAlastair Gale noChieko Tsuneoka, “IJapan iza kwandisa inkcitho yasemkhosini kunyaka wesihlanu ilandelelana,” iWall Street Journal, ngoDisemba 21, 2016.
6. Bruce Cumings, “Izixhokonxa zakuMntla Korea zakutsha nje zisuka ekuphosweni kwamathuba ase-US okuphelisa umkhosi,” iDemocracy Now!, Meyi 29, 2009.
7. “I-THAAD, ugqogqo 'lokunqunyulwa kwentloko' longeza kwii-drills ezintsha zamahlakani," I-Korea Herald, kaMatshi 13, 2017.
8. "I-US, i-South Korean drills iquka iqela lokubulala lika-bin Laden," i-UPI, ngo-Matshi 13, i-2017.
9. Ibid.
10. "I-US Navy SEALs ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwi-drills edibeneyo e-S. Korea," i-Yonhap, ngo-Matshi 13, i-2017.
11. Jun Ji-hye, "Ii-Drills zokubetha i-N. Korea ezenzekayo," iKorea Times, ngoMatshi 13, i-2017.
12. UTim Beal, "Ukukhangela kwicala elifanelekileyo: Ukuseka isakhelo sokuhlalutya imeko kwi-peninsula yaseKorea (kunye nokunye okuninzi ngaphandle koko)," Korean Policy Institute, April 23, 2016.
13. UChoe Sang-hun, "iNorth Korea inikezela nge-US isivumelwano sokumisa uvavanyo lwenyukliya," I-New York Times, ngoJanuwari 10, 2015.
14. U-Eric Talmadge, "U-Obama ugxotha isiphakamiso se-NKorea sokumisa iimvavanyo ze-nuke," i-Associated Press, ngo-Aprili 24, i-2016.
15. Ibid.
16. "Ukhetho olubukhali kwiNyakatho yeKorea: Ukubandakanya i-China kwi-Stable Northeast Asia," iNgxelo ye-Independent Task Force enguNombolo 74, iBhunga lezoBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle, i-2016.
17. "I-China ilinganiselwe kwindima yayo yokuzimela njengomlamli wemicimbi ye-peninsula yaseKorea," I-Hankyoreh, ngo-Matshi 9, i-2017.
18. UFarnaz Fassihi, uJeremy Page kunye noChun Han Wong, "iBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN ligxeka uvavanyo lwe-missile yaseNorth Korea," I-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Matshi 8, i-2017.
19. “IBeijing iza kubamba iintetho zaseNorth Korea,” iThe New York Times, ngo-Agasti 14, 2003.
20. UStephen Fidler, “I-NATO iyasokola ukuhlanganisa amandla 'okukhokela' ukulwa neRussia," iWall Street Journal, ngoDisemba 1, 2014.
