Yeyiphi inkampani efumana eyona mali ininzi kurhulumente wase-US? Impendulo: umenzi wezixhobo u-Lockheed Martin. Njenge Washington Post kutshanje umbiko, I-51 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiintengiso kwi-2017, i-Lockheed ithathe i-35.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kurhulumente, okanye isondele kwinto yolawulo lweTrump ephakamisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSebe leSizwe le-2019. Kwaye yeyiphi inkampani ekwindawo yesibini xa kufikwa ekuqokeleleni iidola zabarhafi? Impendulo: IBoeing ene-26.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Kwaye khumbula, kungaphambi kokuba amaxesha amnandi aqale ukuqengqeleka ngokwenyani TomDispatch njalo kunye neengcali kushishino lwezixhobo uWilliam Hartung wenza kucace namhlanje ngokuntywila nzulu kwizinto (ir) iinyani zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwePentagon. Xa kuziwa kwiSebe lezoKhuselo, nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi kufuneka sithathe umhlala-phantsi igama elithi "uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali" lilonke, linikwe intsingiselo yalo yokuthintela. Ngaba asinakufumana elinye igama ngokupheleleyo? NjengePentagon cornucopia?
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba ingxelo ecacileyo malunga nemiba yenkxaso-mali yePentagon ayisiyonto intlekisa kwisitayile New Yorker's Andy Borowitz. Thatha, umzekelo, a ingxelo yakutshanje kwi WaseWashington Examiner ukuba uNobhala woMkhosi uMark Esper kunye namanye amagosa ePentagon ngoku bongoza ICongress ukuba ibakhulule kumhla wama-30 kaSeptemba wokusasazwa ngokupheleleyo kweemali zabo zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo (malunga ne-40% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwesebe). Ekuguquleleni, baxelela iCongress ukuba banemali eninzi kunaleyo banokuyisebenzisa ngexesha elinikezelweyo.
Kunzima ukunyanzelwa ukuba uchithe iimali ezininzi ngokukhawuleza xa, umzekelo, usungula izixhobo zenyukliya "ugqatso" enye “ngokwenza imoderniz” eyona nto sele iphambili kwiplanethi kule minyaka ingama-30 izayo. iitriliyoni-kunye nedola (Imali, xa kunikwa imbali yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwePentagon, ngokuqinisekileyo iza kunyuka ngokukhawuleza). Kuloo mongo, vumela uHartung akungenise kwihlabathi elimangalisayo lokuba, kwiminyaka kaDonald, kunokucingwa ngayo (kunye nempiliso engqondweni) njengePlutocratic Pentagon. Tom
-Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch
IBloat yoLwabiwo-mali oluqhelekileyo
Khawufane ucinge okomzuzwana isikimu apho abahlawuli berhafu baseMelika bathatyathwa basiwa kubacoci ukuya kutsho kumakhulu eebhiliyoni zeerandi kwaye akuzange kubekho nofifi lokugxeka okanye ukucaphuka. Khawufane ucinge ukuba i-White House kunye noninzi lwezopolitiko eWashington, nokuba liliphi iqela, bavumile kulungiselelo. Ngapha koko, umnqweno wonyaka wokunyusa inkcitho yePentagon kwi-stratosphere ihlala ilandela loo meko, incediswa kuqikelelo lwentshabalalo ezayo evela. ookhetshe abaxhaswa ngemali kushishino ngomdla obekiweyo ekwandiseni iindleko zomkhosi.
Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika mhlawumbi bayazi ukuba iPentagon ichitha imali eninzi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba baqonde ukuba zinkulu kangakanani na ezo zibalo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olumangalisayo lomkhosi luphathwa ngokungathi luyinxalenye yendalo, njengokufa okanye iirhafu.
Amanani aqulethwe kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakutsha nje olugcine iCongress ivulekile, kunye nakwisindululo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaMongameli uTrump ngo-2019, ngumzekelo: i-700 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zePentagon kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumeneyo ngo-2018 kunye ne-716 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunyaka olandelayo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, amanani anjalo adlule kude kwanolindelo olwandisiweyo lwePentagon. Ngokutsho kukaDonald Trump, ngokuqinisekileyo ayingowona mthombo uthembekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko, uNobhala wezoKhuselo uJim Mattis kuthiwa wathi, “Wow, andikholelwa ukuba siyifumene yonke into ebesiyifuna” — ukwamkelwa okunqabileyo kwentloko yombutho ekuphela kwempendulo yayo kuso nasiphi na isindululo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kukucela okungakumbi.
Ukusabela kukawonke-wonke kolu hlobo lokunyuswa kwebhajethi ye-Pentagon eyothusayo yathuliswa, ukuyibeka kakuhle. Ngokungafaniyo nonyaka ophelileyo intlawulo yerhafu kwizityebi, ukuphosa iidola zerhafu ezikufutshane-kwirekhodi kwiSebe lezoKhuselo akuzange kubangele umsindo obonakalayo kuluntu. Nangona kunjalo oko kucuthwa kwerhafu kunye nokunyuka kwePentagon kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo. Ukudityaniswa kolawulo lukaTrump kwaba babini balinganisa indlela engaphumelelanga kaMongameli uRonald Reagan ngeminyaka yoo-1980s - ngakumbi. Yinto eqhelekileyo endiyichaze “I-reaganomics kwi-steroids.” Indlela kaReagan ivelise i-inki ebomvu yolwandle kunye nokuncipha okukhulu komnatha wokhuseleko loluntu. Ikwaxhokonxe ukutyhala ngamandla kangangokuba kamva wabuya umva ukunyusa irhafu kwaye ubeke iqonga ukunciphisa okubukhali kwizixhobo zenyukliya.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kaDonald Trump yokubuyisela umva malunga nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, amalungelo abasetyhini, ubulungisa bobuhlanga, amalungelo e-LGBT, kunye nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho kubangele ukuxhathisa okuchukumisayo nokwandayo. Kuya kuhlala kubonwa ukuba ngaba ukuphathwa kwakhe ngesisa kwePentagon ngeendleko zezidingo ezisisiseko zoluntu kuya kukhuthaza umva ofanayo.
Ewe kunjalo, kunzima nokuba ufumane i-bead kwinto evezwayo kwiPentagon xa uninzi losasazo lwemithombo yeendaba lusilele ukuqhubela ekhaya ukuba zininzi kangakanani na ezi zibalo. Umkhethe onqabileyo yayilibali leAssociated Press inesihloko "ICongress, iTrump inika iPentagon uHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali izinto ezithandwayo engazange ibonwe." Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kwakusondele kakhulu kwinyani kunamabango afana nala kaMackenzie Eaglen we-conservative I-American Enterprise Institute, ethe ukutyhubela iminyaka yahlala ii-uber-hawks ezinjengoDick Cheney noJohn Bolton. Yena ichazwe uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olutsha “njengolwando olungephi lonyaka nonyaka.” Ukuba kunjalo, ubani uyoyika ukucinga ukuba ulwando olungathobekanga lusenokubonakala njani.
IPentagon iphumelele enkulu
Ngoko ke makhe sijonge imali.
Nangona uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwePentagon lwalusele luphezu kophahla, luza kufumana i-165 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezongezelelweyo kule minyaka mibini izayo, ngenxa yesivumelwano sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenkongolo ekufikelelwe kulo ekuqaleni kwale nyanga. Ukubeka elo nani ngokomxholo, yayingamashumi eebhiliyoni zeedola ngaphezulu kokuba uDonald Trump wayecele intwasahlobo edlulileyo ukuba "yakha kwakhona” umkhosi wase-US (njengoko wayibekayo). Ide yagqithisa amanani, esele iphezulu kunekaTrump, iCongress yayivumile uDisemba odlulileyo. Izisa inkcitho iyonke kwiPentagon kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumeneyo zezixhobo zenyukliya kumanqanaba aphezulu kunalawo afikelelekayo ngexesha leemfazwe zaseKorea naseVietnam ngeminyaka yoo-1950 noo-1960, okanye nakumphakamo wokwakhiwa komkhosi kaRonald Reagan ngeminyaka yee-1980s. Kuphela kwiminyaka emibini yobongameli bukaBarack Obama, xa bekukho Imikhosi ye-150,000 yase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, okanye malunga namanqanaba aphindwe kasixhenxe abasebenzi abathunyelwe apho, babechitha imali ephezulu.
U-Ben Freeman weZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo waMazwe ngaMazwe ubeke amanani amatsha ohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-Pentagon ngendlela efanelekileyo xa yena ikhonjwe ngaphandle ukuba nje malunga ne-80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokunyuka ngonyaka kumgca ophezulu wesebe phakathi ko-2017 kunye no-2019 uya kuphinda kabini uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwangoku lweSebe likaRhulumente; ngaphezulu kweemveliso zasekhaya zizonke kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100; kwaye inkulu kunohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi walo naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini, ngaphandle kwelase China.
Iidemokhrasi zityikitye kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenkongolo njengenxalenye yesivumelwano sokufiphalisa ezinye zezona zinto zimbi kakhulu zolawulo lukaTrump olucetywayo kwintwasahlobo ephelileyo. Ulawulo, umzekelo, lugcine uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSebe likaRhulumente ekubeni luncitshiswe kakhulu kwaye lugunyazise kwakhona abo basemngciphekweni. Inkqubo ye-Inshurensi yezeMpilo yaBantwana (CHIP) eminye iminyaka eli-10. Kwinkqubo, nangona kunjalo, iiDemokhrasi zaphosa izigidi zabafuduki abancinci phantsi kwebhasi ukwehla ukunyanzelisa ukuba naluphi na uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olutsha lukhusele iNyathelo eMiselweyo yokuFika kwaBantwana, okanye inkqubo “yaBaphuphi”. Ngeli xesha, uninzi lwabagcini bemali beRiphabhlikhi babevuya kakhulu ukutyikitya kunyuso lwePentagon, kudityaniswe nerhafu kaTrump yokucutha abazizityebi, imali yebhaloni yentsilelo ukuya kuthi ga kwiliso elinokubona - iyonke $ 7.7 zezigidi ixabiso labo kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.
Ngelixa inkcitho yasekhaya ihambe ngcono kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenkongolose yamva nje kunokuba bekuya kuba njalo ukuba isicwangciso sikaTrump sika-2018 siphunyeziwe, sisalele ngasemva kwinto etyalwa yiCongress kwiPentagon. Kwaye izibalo zeProjekthi yeSizwe ePhambili zibonise ukuba iSebe lezoKhuselo limiselwe ukuba liphumelele ngakumbi kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaTrump luka-2019. Yalo isabelo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunokuvela, olubandakanya phantse yonke into eyenziwa ngurhulumente ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezifana neMedicare kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo, iya kuphinda ifike kwi-61 yeesenti engenakucingeleka kwidola, ukonyuka okukhulu ukusuka kuma-54 eesenti kwidola kunyaka ophelileyo. yolawulo luka-Obama.
Izinto eziphambili ezigqwethekileyo kwisindululo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaTrump lwamva nje luphenjelelwa sisigqibo solawulo sokwamkela iPentagon yonyusa iCongress ekuvunyelwene ngayo kwinyanga ephelileyo, ngelixa iphosa izigqibo zamva nje zalo mzimba malunga nenkcitho engeyoyamkhosi ngaphandle kwefestile. Nangona iCongress inokuthi ilawule ezona zindululo zigqithileyo zolawulo, amanani acacile ngokwenene - a ukusika okucetywayo ye-120 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kumanqanaba enkcitho yangaphakathi omabini amaqela ekuvunyelwene ngawo. Olona nciphiso lukhulu lubandakanya ukucuthwa kwe-41% kwinkxaso-mali yozakuzo kunye noncedo lwangaphandle; ukucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali ye-eneji kunye nokusingqongileyo ngama-36%; kunye ne-35% yokunciphisa izindlu kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Kwaye eso sisiqalo nje. Ulawulo lukaTrump lulungiselela ukuqalisa uhlaselo olupheleleyo kwi izitampu zokutya, Uxilongo, yaye LweMida. Yimfazwe kuyo yonke into ngaphandle komkhosi wase-US.
INtlalontle yoShishino
Izicwangciso zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali zakutsha nje ziye zazisa uvuyo kwiintliziyo zeqela elinye labantu baseMelika abasweleyo: abalawuli abaphezulu beekontraka ezinkulu zezixhobo ezifana neLockheed Martin, iBoeing, iNorthrop Grumman, iRaytheon, kunye neGeneral Dynamics. Balindele a bonanza ukusuka kwinkcitho ephezulu yePentagon. Ungothuki xa ii-CEO zezi mizi-mveliso zintlanu zizinika ukonyuswa kwemivuzo entle, into enokuthethelela umsebenzi wabo ngokwenyani, kunokuba kuncinci. $ 96 yezigidi bazoba njengeqela ngo-2016 (owona nyaka wakutshanje apho amanani apheleleyo akhoyo).
Kwaye khumbula ukuba, njengawo onke amanye amaqumrhu ase-US, ezo zibhemo zomkhosi-zemizi-mveliso ziya kuxhamla ngokutyebileyo kulawulo lukaTrump lokucutha irhafu yenkampani. Ngokutsho komnye umhlalutyi weshishini ohlonitshwayo, inxenye elungileyo yalo moya uya kuya iibhonasi kunye nokwandiswa kwezabelo kubaninizabelo benkampani kunotyalo-mali kwiindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokukhusela iMelika. Ngamafutshane, kwixesha likaTrump, uLockheed Martin kunye neqela lakhe baqinisekisiwe ukwenza imali ezayo kwaye ihamba.
Izinto ezixubileyo iibhiliyoni kwinkxaso-mali entsha kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-Trump olucetywayo luka-2019 luquka i-Lockheed Martin ye-overpriced, i-aircraft ye-F-35 engasebenzi kakuhle, kwi-10.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola; IBoeing's F-18 “Super Hornet,” eyayikwinkqubo yokupheliswa ngurhulumente ka-Obama kodwa ngoku ibhalwe kwi-2.4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi; Ibhombu yenyukliya yaseNorthrop Grumman yeB-21 kwi-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi; Inkwili ejulwayo ye-General Dynamics ye-Ohio-classistic missile kwi-3.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola; kwaye $ 12 billion ngothotho lweenkqubo zokhuselo lomjukujelwa eziya kuthi ziphinde zibe luncedo ku… uqikelele ukuba: uLockheed Martin, uRaytheon, kunye noBoeing, phakathi kwezinye iinkampani. Ezi ziinkqubo ezimbalwa zezixhobo eziya kuthi zondla amazantsi eenkampani kule minyaka mibini izayo nangaphaya. Kwiinkqubo ezisekwinqanaba labo lokuqala, njengalaa qhushumbisi intsha kunye nenkwili entsha enomjukujelwa, iminyaka yabo yebhajethi iseza kufika.
Ekuchazeni umkhukula wenkxaso-mali eyenza ukuba inkampani efana ne-Lockheed Martin ivune i-35 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka kwiidola zikarhulumente, umhlalutyi wezokhuselo uRichard Aboulafia weTeal Group. phawula ukuba “idiplomacy iphumile; Uhlaselo lomoya luphakathi… Kolu hlobo lwemeko-bume, kunzima ukuvala iindleko. Ukuba ibango liyenyuka, amaxabiso awafane ehle. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukubulala izinto. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze naluphi na uhlobo lokhetho olunzima xa kukho amaza akhulayo. ”
Inyama yehagu yePentagon ngokuchasene noKhuseleko loLuntu
U-Loren Thompson ngumcebisi kuninzi lwezo kontraka zezixhobo. Itanki yakhe yokucinga, iLexington Institute, nayo ifumana igalelo kwishishini lezixhobo. Wawubamba umoya womzuzu xa yena dumisa Isiphakamiso sePentagon solawulo esikhukhumele sokusebenzisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSebe lezoKhuselo njengomdali wemisebenzi kumazwe angundoqo, kuquka nelizwe elibalulekileyo laseOhio, eliye lanceda uDonald Trump ukuba aphumelele ngo-2016. Imveliso ye-Dynamics yeetanki ze-M-1 e-Lima, e-Ohio, kumzi-mveliso owawunemveliso yoMkhosi. wazama ukuyimisa kwiminyaka nje embalwa edlulileyo ngenxa yokuba yayisele irhaxwa eitankini kwaye yayingenakho ukusetyenzwa ngakumbi.
Thompson echaza ukuba amatanki amatsha ayadingeka ukuze ahambisane nemveliso yaseRashiya yezithuthi ezixhobileyo, inkcazo ethandabuzekayo enencasa yeMfazwe ebandayo kuyo. Ibango lakhe igciwe ngemva, kunjalo, ngeSicwangciso soKhuseleko seSizwe solawulo, esijolise eRashiya naseTshayina njengezona zoyikiso zoyikekayo eUnited States. Ungaze ucinge ukuba imiceli mngeni enokubakho ngala magunya mabini - ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyberattacks kwimeko yaseRussia kunye nokwanda koqoqosho kwelaseTshayina - ayinanto yakwenza nokuba zingaphi iitanki zoMkhosi wase-US.
UTrump ufuna ukudala imisebenzi, imisebenzi, imisebenzi anokwalatha kuyo, kunye nokumpompa indawo yomkhosi-kwimizi-mveliso kufuneka kubonakale ngathi yindlela yokuchasana noko kukuphela kweWashington yanamhlanje. Phantsi kweemeko, kubaluleke ngantoni ukuba phantse nayiphi na enye indlela yokuchitha ukudala imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ungabophisi abantu baseMelika ngezixhobo esingazidingiyo?
Ukuba intsebenzo yangaphambili inika naluphi na uphawu, akukho nanye kwimali entsha eyenzelwe ukugalelwa kwiPentagon eya kwenza nabani na akhuseleke. Njengoko uTodd Harrison weZiko loBuchule kunye neZifundo zaMazwe ngaMazwe uye waphawula, kukho ingozi yokuba iPentagon iya kufumana "atyebileyo angomelelanga” njengoko imikhwa yayo yokuchitha imbi iqiniswa yintlaninge entsha yeedola ekhulula abacwangcisi bayo ekwenzeni naluphi na ukhetho olunzima.
Uluhlu lwenkcitho eyilahleko sele lude ngokumangalisayo kwaye uqikelelo lwakwangoko kukuba inkunkuma yaseburhulumenteni kwiPentagon iya kuba yimali. $ 125 billion kule minyaka mihlanu izayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iSebe lezoKhuselo sele liqeshe a amandla okusebenza kwesithunzi ngaphezulu kwama-600,000 eekontraka zabucala ezinoxanduva oludibana kakhulu nomsebenzi osele wenziwe ngabaqeshwa bakarhulumente. Ngeli xesha, iindlela zokuthenga ngokungakhathali zihlala zikhokelela kumabali afana nala mva nje kwi-Arhente ye-Pentagon yoKhuseleko lwe-Arhente yokuphulukana nomkhondo wendlela okwenzeka ngayo. zichithe I-800 yezigidi zeerandi kwaye yayinjani imiyalelo emibini yaseMelika ayikwazi ukwenza akhawunti ngeedola ezingama-500 ezigidi ezenzelwe imfazwe yeziyobisi kuMbindi Mpuma oMkhulu naseAfrika.
Yongeza kule $ 1.5 zezigidi iqingqelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-F-35s iProjekthi engeyoyamacalu-calulo yoLwaliso lukaRhulumente inalo phawula ayinakuze ilungele ukulwa kunye nokungeyomfuneko "imihla ngemihla" yezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US, kubandakanywa nesizukulwana esitsha seziqhushumbisi ezixhobileyo zenyukliya, iinqanawa ezintywilayo, kunye nemijukujelwa ngexabiso elincinci. $ 1.2 zezigidi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Ngamanye amazwi, inxalenye enkulu yenkxaso-mali entsha ye-Pentagon iya kwenza okuninzi ukufaka amaxesha amnandi kwindawo yomkhosi-kwimizi-mveliso kodwa kuncinci ukunceda imikhosi okanye ukukhusela ilizwe.
Okona kubalulekileyo kuko konke, le mkhukula yenkxaso-mali entsha, enokuthi ityumze isizukulwana sabantu baseMelika phantsi kwentaba yamatyala, iya kwenza kube lula ukugcina oku kubonakala kungenasiphelo. iimfazwe ezisixhenxe ukuba iUnited States isilwa eAfghanistan, ePakistan, eSyria, eIraq, eLibya, eSomalia naseYemen. Ke biza olu lolona tyalo-mali lubi kwimbali, uqinisekisa njengoko lusilele kwiimfazwe ukuya elundini.
Iya kuba lutshintsho olwamkelekileyo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye eMelika ukuba isigqibo sokungakhathali sokuphosa iimali ezingakholelekiyo kwiPentagon esele ixhaswe kakhulu ngemali ibangele ingxoxo enzulu malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle we-hyper-militarized. Ingxoxo kazwelonke malunga nemicimbi enjalo kunyulo luka-2018 kunye no-2020 inokugqiba ukuba iyaqhubeka na ishishini njengesiqhelo kwi-Pentagon okanye ukuba eyona arhente inkulu kurhulumente wobumbano ekugqibeleni igxininiswe kwaye inikezelwe ngokufanelekileyo. isimo sokuzikhusela.
UWilliam D. Hartung, a TomDispatch njalo, ngumlawuli weProjekthi yeZilwa noKhuseleko kwiZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo waMazwe ngaMazwe kunye nombhali we Abaprofeti beMfazwe: i-Lockheed Martin kunye nokwenziwa kwe-Complex ye-Military-Industrial Complex.
landela TomDispatch on Twitter uze usijoyine Facebook. Jonga eyona ncwadi intsha yokuThumela, ka-Alfred McCoy's Kwimithunzi yeAmerican Century: Ukunyuka kunye Nokwehla kwamandla ehlabathi ase-US, kunye noJohn Dower's I-American Century enobundlobongela: Imfazwe kunye noloyiko Ukususela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, inoveli kaJohn Feffer ye-dystopian I-Splinterlands, NguNick Turse's Ngexesha elizayo baya kuza ukubala abafileyo, Kunye noTom Engelhardt Urhulumente we-Shadow: Uqwalaselo, iMikhosi eyimfihlo, kunye ne-State Security State kwilizwe eliMandla oLodwa.
