by Yuri Sheliazhenko, UMfunisi wenyaniso, Septemba 17, 2021
EMpuma Yurophu kwiinkulungwane ezingama-20-21 zafumana ubunzima obuninzi kubundlobongela bezopolitiko nakwiimfazwe. Lixesha lokuba sifunde ukuhlala kunye ngoxolo kunye nokufuna ukonwaba.
Indlela yesiNtu yokulungiselela ulutsha ukuba luthathe inxaxheba kubomi babantu abadala kwezopolitiko kumazwe obuDlelwane baseMpuma naseRussia yayi, kwaye isenjalo, into ekuthiwa yeyokukhulisa ukuthanda ezomkhosi. Kwi-Soviet Union, ummi ofanelekileyo wabonwa njengothobekileyo othobela abalawuli ngaphandle kwemibuzo.
Kule paradigm, uqeqesho lwasemkhosini lwalungumzekelo wobomi boluntu ngaphandle kokuchasa kwezopolitiko. Kakade ke, naziphi na iintlobo zabantu abangavumiyo ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yesazela, njengabalandeli “bompostile ongenalugonyamelo” uLeo Tolstoy kunye namaProtestanti, babecinezelwa ebudeni bemikhankaso yokulwa “nehlelo” “nobukho belizwe lonke.”
Iintlanga ze-post-soviet zayifumana njengelifa le paradigm kwaye zihlala zithande ukukhulisa amajoni athobelayo kunabavoti abanoxanduva. Iingxelo zonyaka ze-European Bureau for Conscientious Objection (EBCO) zibonisa ukuba abo babhalisiweyo kulo mmandla banethuba elincinci okanye abanalo kwaphela ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni kwesigwebo sabo semfazwe nokwala ukubulala.
Njengoko wazisa uDeutsche Welle, kwi2017 kwinkomfa yamazwe aphesheya eBerlin iingcali zaxoxa ngomngcipheko wokukhuliswa kwezomkhosi emva komkhosi waseSoviet, okhuthaza ubuzwilakhe eRussia nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yasekunene e-Ukraine. Iingcali zicebise ukuba omabini la mazwe afuna imfundo yanamhlanje yedemokhrasi ukuze abe ngummi.
Kwanangaphambi koko, kwi-2015, iOfisi yamanye amazwe yaseJamani kunye ne-Arhente yezeMfundo yezeMfundo yaxhasa iMfundo yase-Mpuma yeYurophu yezeNkcubeko (EENCE), uthungelwano lwemibutho kunye neengcali ezijolise kuphuhliso lwemfundo yobumi kwingingqi yeMpuma Yurophu, kubandakanya iArmenia, iAzerbaijan, iBelarus, iGeorgia, iMoldova, iRussia neUkraine. Abathathi-nxaxheba kuthungelwano batyikitya imemorandam, ebonisa ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo kwizimvo zedemokhrasi, uxolo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Umbono wokuthintela imfazwe ngemfundo yoluntu kwinkcubeko yoxolo inokulandelwa kwimisebenzi kaJohn Dewey noMaria Montessori. Kwathethwa ngokugqwesileyo kuMgaqo-siseko we-UNESCO kwaye waphinda kwisibhengezo se-2016 seLungelo loXolo esamkelwe yi-General Assembly yeZizwe eziManyeneyo: Uxolo kufuneka lwakhiwe. ”
Umnqweno wokuziphatha kwihlabathi liphela wokufundisa ngoxolo wawunamandla kangangokuba nemilinganiselo yokukhuliswa kokuthand 'izwe ayikwazanga ukuthintela abanye abafundisi-ntsapho abathanda uxolo eSoviet Union kunye nasemva kwamazwe aseSoviet ukuba bafundise isizukulwana esilandelayo ukuba bonke abantu bangabazalwana noodade kwaye kufuneka baphile ngoxolo .
Ngaphandle kokufunda iziseko zokungabikho kobundlobongela, abantu baseMpuma Yurophu banokuphalaza igazi elininzi kakhulu ngexesha lokuchithwa kobukhosi bobukomanisi, ukungqubana kwezopolitiko nakwezentlalo noqoqosho. Endaweni yoko, iUkraine neBelarus zashiya izixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye iRussia yatshabalalisa i-2 692 yezixhobo zenyukliya eziphakathi. Kwakhona, onke amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu ngaphandle kweAzerbaijan angenise eminye imisebenzi engenanto yakwenza nokuya emkhosini kwabo bangafuniyo ukuya emkhosini.
Senza inkqubela phambili ngemfundo yoxolo eMpuma Yurophu, sinelungelo lokubhiyozela impumelelo, kwaye kukho amashumi kunye nekhulu leendaba kwingingqi yethu minyaka le malunga nokubhiyozelwa koSuku lweHlabathi loXolo lwe-21 Septemba ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi. Nangona kunjalo, sinako kwaye kufuneka senze okungakumbi.
Ngokwesiqhelo, imfundo yoxolo ayifakwanga ngokucacileyo kwiikharityhulam zesikolo, kodwa izinto zayo zinokuphunyezwa kwezinye iikhosi zemfundo esesikweni, njengeziseko zesayensi yezoluntu kunye noluntu. Thatha, umzekelo, imbali yehlabathi: ndingayifundisa njani ndingakhankanyi iintshukumo zoxolo kwi-19-20 yeenkulungwane kunye nomsebenzi weZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuseka uxolo eMhlabeni? U-HG Wells wabhala kwi "The Outline of History": "Imbali yembali njengolonwabo lwalo lonke uluntu iyimfuneko kuxolo ngaphakathi njengoko kunjalo ngoxolo phakathi kweentlanga."
UCaroline Brooks noBasma Hajir, ababhali bengxelo ye2020 "Imfundo yoxolo kwizikolo ezisesikweni: kutheni ibalulekile kwaye inokwenziwa njani?", Chaza ukuba imfundo yoxolo ifuna ukuxhobisa abafundi ngesakhono sokuthintela nokusombulula ukungavisisani ngokujongana nezabo oonobangela, ngaphandle koncedo lobundlobongela, ngothethathethwano kunye nothethathethwano, kunye nokwenza ukuba abantu abatsha babe ngabemi abanenkathalo abavulelekileyo kwiiyantlukwano kwaye bahloniphe ezinye iinkcubeko. Imfundo yoxolo ibandakanya izihloko kunye nemicimbi yobumi behlabathi, ubulungisa kwezentlalo nakwezendalo.
Kumagumbi okufundela, kwiinkampu zasehlotyeni, nakuzo zonke iindawo ezifanelekileyo, ukuxoxa ngamalungelo oluntu okanye iinjongo zophuhliso ezizinzileyo, ukuqeqesha ukulamla koontanga kunye nezinye izakhono ezithambileyo zobomi bentlalo ephucukileyo, sifundisa ngoxolo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sabemi baseYurophu nabantu Umhlaba, umama weplanethi yabo bonke abantu. Imfundo yoxolo inika ngaphezulu kwethemba, inene, inika umbono wokuba abantwana bethu nabantwana babantwana bethu banokuthintela uloyiko kunye neentlungu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa kunye nokuphuhlisa ngomso olona lwazi lwethu kunye neendlela zethu zokudala kunye nentando yesininzi yoxolo ukuba babe ngabantu abonwabileyo.
U-Yurii Sheliazhenko ngunobhala olawulayo we-Ukraine Pacifist Movement, olilungu leBhodi ye-European Bureau for Consciention Objection, ilungu leBhodi World BEYOND War. Ufumene isidanga se-Master of Mediation and Conflict Management degree ngo-2021 kunye nesidanga se-Master of Laws ngo-2016 kwiYunivesithi yase-KROK, kunye nesidanga se-Bachelor of Mathematics ngo-2004 eTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kumbutho woxolo, uyintatheli, ibhlogger, umkhuseli wamalungelo oluntu kunye nomfundi wezomthetho, umbhali wamashumi epapasho zemfundo, kunye nomhlohli kwithiyori yezomthetho kunye nembali.
