NguDavid Swanson, Oktobha 11, 2017, Masilinge iNdemokhrasi.
Emva kokufunda nokuva iakhawunti ephikisanayo kaKen Burns kunye noLynn Novick waseVietnam kwimfazwe yaseVietnam kwiPBS, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibukele loo nto. Ndiyavuma nokugxekwa okunye nokunconywa.
I-documentary iqala ngcamango enqabileyo yokuba urhulumente wase-US uneenjongo ezilungileyo. Iphelisa ngendumiso kwisikhumbuzo se-DC kunye nohlu lwayo lwamagama amaninzi, ngaphandle kokukhankanywa inani elininzi lamabutho ase-United States awayefa ngenxa yokuzibulala, ingaphantsi kwenani elikhulu elikhulu lamaVietnam ababulawa. Ubungakanani besikhumbuzo kubo bonke abafileyo beza kufaka udonga lwangoku. Ifilimu iyayiphatha "inkohlakalo yemfazwe" njengento ehlaseleyo yenzelwa izitha okanye i-peaceniks engapheliyo eya kuzisola ngayo - kodwa ayinakuthetha ngqo nombuzo wokusemthethweni kwemfazwe. Iingxaki eziqhubekayo zokukhubazeka kwe-Agent Orange ezicatshulwayo zicatshulwa ngaphandle njengento engqubuzanayo. Umrhumo wemfazwe kumajoni unikelwa ngokukhululekayo kwendawo xa kuthelekiswa nenani elikhulu elinabantu abahlali. Amazwi alumkileyo ngokwenene aphikisana nemfazwe kwimigaqo yokuziphatha neyezomthetho ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ayilahlekanga, ngaloo ndlela avumela ukulandisa apho abantu benza iimpazamo baze bafunde kuzo. Iziphakamiso ezingezantsi zento enokuba yenziwe yenzelwe imfazwe. Akukho nkonzo yokubonelela inikwe abo baxhamla ngemali kwimfazwe. Ukuxoka koNobhala "woKhuselo" uRobert McNamara kunye noMongameli uLyndon Johnson ngexesha lokuba isiganeko seGulf of Tonkin asizange senzeke. Njalo.
Yonke into ekuthethwa ngayo, ifilimu izuzwe ngokubandakanya amazwi amaninzi andivumiyo okanye iimbono ezifumanayo zihlawulekayo - yi-akhawunti yeengcamango zabantu, kwaye sifanele sivale ezininzi, kwaye sifunda ngokuvalelwa ezininzi. I-movie ye-10-nxaxheba ikwazisa ngokucacileyo ngokucacileyo ukuba urhulumente wase-US uxoxe ngokuphathelele iinjongo zakhe kunye nethemba "lokuphumelela" ngexesha lemfazwe - kubandakanywa nokubonisa imifanekiso yabathengi beTV ingxelo kwizinto ezimbi zemfazwe ngendlela abangenakuyenza namhlanje kwaye bagcine imisebenzi yabo (ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokugxininisa kwingxaki yokufa kwe-US, ehlala isisombululo esisodwa i-US abavakalisi bayatsholwa ukuba banakekele namhlanje). Ifilimu ibika malunga nokufa kweVietnam, naphezu kokunamathela ngokunyanisekileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha eqhubekayo yokubika rhoqo inani elincinci lokufa kwe-US kuqala. Inika ingxelo malunga neentlondi ezithile kunye nangenxa yokungabikho komthetho. Yenza i-Gulf ye Tonkin iziganeko njengoko zikhutshwe yiUnited States kummandla waseVietnam. Ngamafutshane, yenza umsebenzi okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba nayiphi na indlela umbukeli wesondlo angafuna ukuba kubekho imfazwe enjengaleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzenzela ukuba enye imfazwe ingasifanelekanga ngokupheleleyo ishiywe ngenyameko.
Ndifuna ukubiza ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ndinombulelo, ngqalelo kwinto enye ifilimu ye-PBS equka, okuthi nguRichard Nixon. Iminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, eli bali liboniswe kwinqaku UKen Hughes, kunye nabanye URobert Parry. Iminyaka emine edlulileyo yenze ukuba ibe AbakwaSmith, kwezinye iindawo. Iminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo yafumana isaziso kwi-intsebenziswano-yeendaba ezivunyiwe yiendaba UKen Hughes. Ngela xesha, UGeorge uyavuma Uxelongo lukaNicon olukhankanyiweyo lokudlula kulo Washington Post, ngokungathi wonke umntu wayazi konke. Kwi-documentary entsha ye-PBS, uBurns kunye noNoveick baphuma baze bachaze ngokucacileyo oko kwenzekayo, ngendlela eya kuyenza. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abantu abaninzi banokuva ngokwenene oko kwenzeka.
Kwenzeka ntoni oku. Abasebenzi bakaMongameli uJohnson baxubusha uxolo kunye neNorth Vietnamese. Umviwa kaMongameli uRichard Nixon uxelele ngasese isiTurkey saseVietnam ukuba baya kuzuza into engcono xa bekulindele. UJohnson wafunda ngale nto kwaye wabiza ngokuzimela ukuba uguquluko kodwa akazange athi nganto. U-Nixon wakhuthaza ukuba unokuphelisa imfazwe. Kodwa, ngokungafani noReagan oye waxotha ingxoxo ngokukhulula abantu abavela e-Iran, uNixon akazange akhululwe oko wayekulibale ngasese. Kunoko, njengomongameli okhethwe ngenxa yobuqhetseba, waqhubeka waza wandisa imfazwe (njengoko uJohnson wayenayo phambi kwakhe). Waphinde wakhankqalazela kwisithembiso sokugqibela ekupheleni kwemfazwe xa efuna ukhetho kwakhona emva kweminyaka emine - uluntu lungekho ncamango yokuba imfazwe yayingagqitywa kwitheyibhile yokuthintana phambi kokuba uNixon aphinde angene kwiNdlu eNtshona Koloni ukuba U-Nixon akazange aphazamise ngokungekho mthethweni (okanye mhlawumbi sele iphelile nantoni na ukusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngokuphela kwayo).
Inyaniso yokuba lo lwaphulo-mthetho lwalukho kwaye i-Nixon yayifuna ukuba imfihlo ibonisa ukugqithiswa kobugqwetha obuncinci bubekwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Watergate." I-documentary ye-PBS ibonisa ukuba umnqweno weNixon wokungena kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwi-Institution Brookings mhlawumbi inxalenye umgudu wokufihla intetho yakhe yokuqala. Burns noNovick bahluleka ukukhankanya ukuba uNixon thug uCharles Colson ucebise ibhokhwe kwiBloodings Institution.
Andikwazi ukuphendula oko i-US kawonkewonke eyayiyenzile xa i-Nixon isabatha yokuxoxisana ngezoxolo yaziwa ngexesha elenzekile. Ndiyakwazi ukuphendula oko abantu base-United States abaya kwenzayo xa umongameli waseMelika waseMzantsi Afrika exoxisana noxolo lwaseNyakatho Korea, uNobhala weSizwe wambiza ngokuthi yi-moron, kwaye waba nguSihlalo weKomiti yezoBudlelwane bezeLimo lwangaphandle, wathi ukhulise i-United States, wayeyingozi kwiMfazwe yeMfazwe ye-III, kwaye wayengaqondi kakuhle. Ngokwenene, abantu babeza kukhawuleza babukele-ekugqibeleni - ibhayisikobho ephathelele iVietnam ukusuka kumhla xa kwakukho izinto zokukhathazeka ngazo.
