NguAnn Wright, ngoSeptemba 13, 2019
"Iplanethi yethu incinci kakhulu ukuba kufuneka sihlale ngoxolo" yatsho intloko yentlangano yoomama kumagqala ezomkhosi eYakutsk, eSiberia, kwiMpuma Ekude eRashiya kwaye yabiza "oomama ukuba babumbane balwe imfazwe," uluvo lokuba, ngaphandle kwezenzo kwezopolitiko zethu kunye neenkokheli zikarhulumente, yenye yeentambo eziqhelekileyo abantu baseRussia abaqhelekileyo kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo baseMelika ababelana ngayo.
Ukufika kwindawo ekude neRashiya Mpuma
NdikwiRussia Ekude Mpuma, kwisixeko saseYakutsk njengenxalenye yeCenter of Citizens Initiatives Citizen to inkqubo yabemi. Abathunywa be-45-abavela e-United States bagqibe iintsuku ezintlanu zothetha-thethwano eMosko ngeengcali zezoqoqosho zaseRussia, ezobupolitika nezokhuseleko malunga nohlalutyo lwazo lwanamhlanje iRussia, zenziwa amaqela amancinci kwaye zathumela kwiidolophu ze20 kuyo yonke iRussia ukuze zidibane nabantu kwaye zifunde. malunga nobomi babo, amathemba abo kunye namaphupha abo.
Ukufika kwam kwinqwelomoya ye-S7 isuka eMoscow, ndacinga ukuba kufanelekile ukuba ndikhwele kwinqwelomoya engeyiyo. Kwakubonakala ngathi ndisiya eBishkek, Kyrgyzstan endaweni ye Yakutsk, Sakha, Siberia! Kuba bendisiya e-Mpuma Ekude eRashiya, bendilindele ukuba uninzi lwabakhweli lube ngama-Asiya ohlanga oluthile, hayi amaRashiya aseYurophu, kodwa andikhange ndilindele ukuba baya kujongeka njengobuhlanga baseKyrgyz abavela kwi-Central Asia ilizwe laseKyrgyzstan.
Kwaye xa ndandihla kwinqwelomoya eYakutsk, iiyure ezintandathu kunye nemimandla enamaxesha amathandathu kamva, ngokuqinisekileyo ndandikwi-warp back iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu ukuya kwi1994 xa ndafika eKyrgyzstan kukhenketho lweminyaka emibini lwase-US.
Isixeko saseYakutsk sasikhangeleka ngathi sisixeko saseBishkek sineentlobo ezifanayo zezakhiwo zesitayile seSoviet, ezinombhobho ofanayo womhlaba ofudumeza zonke izakhiwo. Kwaye njengoko ndibonile ngexesha leentsuku ezintathu zokuhlangana kwabantu emakhayeni abo, ezinye zezindlu zakudala zeSoviet zinezikhanyiso ezifanayo, ezinokunganyanyekelwa kakuhle, kodwa kanye ngaphakathi ezindlini, ubushushu kunye nomtsalane wabahlali ziya kukhanya.
Kodwa njengakuzo zonke iindawo zaseRussia, utshintsho lwezoqoqosho kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini anesihlanu idlulileyo emva kokupheliswa kweSoviet Union luguqule uninzi lobomi bemihla ngemihla baseRussia. Ukuhamba kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 ukuya kubungxowankulu kunye nokubekwa kwindawo yabucala kurhulumente omkhulu waseSoviet kunye nokuvulwa kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi abucala kuzise ulwakhiwo olutsha kwiindawo zeshishini nakwizindlu zodidi olutsha oluphakathi olutshintsha inkangeleko yezixeko Rhashiya. Ukungeniswa kwempahla, izixhobo kunye nokutya okuvela eNtshona Yurophu kwavula uqoqosho lwabaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadla umhlala-phantsi kunye nabo bakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni abanengeniso encinci bafumana ubomi babo bunzima kwaye uninzi lunqwenela imihla yeSoviet Union apho baziva bekhuselekile kwezoqoqosho ngoncedo lukarhulumente.
Imfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ikhunjulwa ngokucacileyo: Ngaphezulu kwesigidi se26 safa
Iziphumo zeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi zisavakalelwa kubantu baseRussia kwilizwe lonke kuquka neMpuma yeRashiya ekude. Ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-26 weSoviet Union babulawa xa amaNazi aseJamani ahlasela. Ngokwahlukileyo, ama-400,000 amaMelika abulawa kwiindawo zemidlalo zaseYurophu nasePasifiki zeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Yonke usapho lweSoviet lwachaphazeleka ngamalungu osapho abulawa kunye neentsapho kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union zinengxaki yokunqongophala kokutya. Ininzi yokuthand 'izwe eRashiya namhlanje kugxile ekukhumbuleni ukuzincama okukhulu kwiminyaka engama-75 eyadlulayo ukugxotha ukuhlasela kwamaNazi kunye nokuzingqinga kunye nokuzibophelela ekubeni ungaze uvumele elinye ilizwe libeke iRussia kwimeko enjalo kwakhona.
Nangona i-Yakutsk yayinemimandla ephindwe kathandathu kunye ne-3,000 yeemayile zomoya okanye i-5400 yokuqhuba iimayile ukusuka ngaphambili ngasentshona kufutshane neSt.Petersburg kunye namazwe asempuma Yurophu awayengqingiwe, abemi beSoviet Far East bahlanganiselwa ukunceda ukukhusela ilizwe. Ngehlobo lasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1940, abafana babebekwa kumaphenyane kwimilambo eyayihamba iye emantla iye eArctic ize ithunyelwe ngenqanawa ngaphambili.
Ukudibana kwamaVeterans eRussia
Kuba ndingumgcini wejoni laseMelika, amabanjwa am alungiselela ukuba ndidibane namaqela amabini ahlobene nomkhosi eYakutsk.
UMaria Emelyanova uyintloko e-Yakutsk yeKomiti yamaMama amajoni aseRussia, umbutho owasekwa ngo-1991 emva kokubuya kwamajoni aseSoviet evela e-Afghanistan ngo-1989 kwaye wayesebenza kakhulu ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yase-Chechen (1994-96) xa kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-6,000 amajoni aseRussia abulawa kwaye phakathi kwama-30,000-100,000 abahlali baseChechen babulawa kungquzulwano.
UMaria wathi ukuphathwa gadalala kwemfazwe yaseChechen njengoko kubonwe kumabonwakude waseRussia kwabangela ukuba amabhinqa amabini aseYakutsk abhubhe sisifo sentliziyo. Amadoda aselula e-40 asuka kwingingqi yeYakutia abulawa eChechnya.
Ndibuze malunga nokuzibandakanya kweRussia eSyria kwaye waphendula wathi kulwazi lwakhe akukho mikhosi yaseRussia iseSyria kodwa uMkhosi woMoya ukhona kwaye airmen aliqela aseRussia abulewe xa i-US yathumela umjukujelwa kwiziko loMkhosi woMoya eSyria. Uthe ukufa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweSyria kuyothusa. UMaria wongeze wathi, "Iplanethi yethu incinci kakhulu ukuba kufuneka siphile ngoxolo" kwaye wabongoza "oomama ukuba babumbane ngokuchasene nemfazwe," ekwangqinwa ngamaqela amaninzi aseMelika, kubandakanya amaVeterans for Peace and Military Families Speak Out.
Inkonzo yasemkhosini enyanzelekileyo eRashiya ngunyaka omnye kwaye ngokukaMaria, iintsapho azichasani nabafana abafumana uqeqesho kwezomkhosi njengoko zibanika uqeqesho kunye namathuba angcono omsebenzi emva konyaka omnye wenkonzo-efanayo nengqiqo enikwe ziintsapho ezininzi zase-US- kunye nokukhethwa kwamagqala anikwe imisebenzi e-US.
Ndibe nelungelo lokudibana noRaisa Fedorova, ixhegokazi elineminyaka engama-95 lomkhosi waseSoviet kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. URaisa usebenze iminyaka emi-3 kwicandelo lokhuselo lomoya elikhusele imibhobho yeoyile ejikeleze iBaku, eAzerbaijan. Watshata nendoda evela eYakutsk wafudukela eSiberia apho bakhulisa khona abantwana babo. Uyinkokeli yombutho wamagqala eMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi abizwa ngokuba yiKatusha (igama lerokhethi) iklabhu kwaye uthetha rhoqo kubantwana besikolo malunga nezoyikiso kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi eRashiya nakubantu baseRussia. Yena namanye amagqala bayahlonitshwa kwiindawo abahlala kuzo ngenxa yemiqobo emikhulu ejongene nesizukulwana sabo yokoyisa amaNazi.
Iinqwelo-moya zaseMelika zabaleka zivela eAlaska zisiya eRussia ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya zaseSoviet
Kule mihla yengxwabangxwaba phakathi kweRussia ne-United States, abaninzi bayalibala ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, phantsi kwenkqubo yokuBolekisa, i-United States inyuse kakhulu imveliso yayo yokubonelela ngeenqwelo moya kunye nezithuthi kwimikhosi yaseSoviet ukuba yoyise amaNazi. I-Yakutsk yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo njengoko yaba yenye yeendawo zokumisa kwiinqwelomoya ezingama-800 ezazenziwe eUnited States zaza zadlulela eFairbanks, eAlaska ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseMelika apho abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseSoviet badibana nabo kwaye emva koko babhabha ngenqwelomoya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-9700 ngaphezulu. ISiberia eyahlukileyo kwiziseko ezikumbindi weRussia.
I-Fairbanks kunye ne-Yakutsk baba ziidolophu zoonxibelelwano ngokunxibelelana kwaye nganye inesikhumbuzo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abasuka e-US naseRussia abahamba ngeenqwelomoya.
Ukudalwa kwezikhululo zeenqwelo moya kwiindawo ze9 eSiberia enezibaso kunye neendawo zokulungisa ukuxhasa inqwelo moya kwakuphawuleka.
Umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali uIvan Efimovich Negenblya waseYakutsk ligunya elaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ubhale iincwadi ezisi-8 malunga nokusebenzisana okumangalisayo kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu eyadlulayo phakathi kweenkqubo zase-US nezaseSoviet ngokuchasene notshaba oluqhelekileyo.
Amaqela obuhlanga kunye noMhlaba
Abantu abahlala kummandla waseYakutsk babalasele njengomhlaba owahlukileyo abahlala kuwo. Bavela kwiintlanga ezininzi zomthonyama ezidityaniswe phantsi kwenkqubo yeSoviet ngemfundo yolwimi lwaseRussia. Iziganeko zenkcubeko zigcina iindawo zokuhlala zisifa. Ukucula, umculo, ubugcisa kunye nempahla yohlanga ngalunye luxabiseke kakhulu kwindawo yaseYakutsk.
Ngokungafaniyo nakwezinye iindawo zaseRashiya apho abantu abancinci befudukela ezilalini besiya ezixekweni, abemi baseYakutsk bahlala bezinzile ngama-300,000. Urhulumente woburhulumente wase-Russia ubonelela umntu ngamnye e-Russia ihektare enye yomhlaba ophethwe ngabanini eSiberia engenabantu ukuba bazalise loo ndawo bathabathe uxinzelelo ezixekweni. Iintsapho zinokudibanisa iihektare zazo zibe sisixa esifanelekileyo somhlaba wezolimo okanye amanye amashishini. Omnye umhlali wathi unyana wakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe bafumene umhlaba omtsha abaza kukhulisa kuwo amahashe njengoko inyama yehashe ityiwa kakhulu kunenkomo. Umhlaba kufuneka ubonise inqanaba lokuhlala kunye nemveliso kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu okanye ubuyiselwe echibini lomhlaba.
Umbutho waBantu baseTyhini baseRussia ozinze-Yakutsk unceda abasetyhini kunye neentsapho zase-Yakutsk kunye ne-arctic esemantla ngeenkqubo zokukhathalela abantwana, utywala, ubundlobongela basekhaya. U-Angelina uxelele ngokuzingca ngohambo lwabasetyhini abaya emantla kwiidolophana ezikude ukuya kubamba "iiklasi eziphambili" kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo. Iqela lisebenza kwilizwe liphela kunye neenkcazo kwiinkomfa zaseMongolia kwaye zingathanda ukwandisa abafowunelwa eMelika.
Abantu Abaselula baseRussia baxhalabile malunga noqoqosho
Kwiingxoxo nabantu abadala abancinci, bonke abo bebexakekile kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, kanye njengolutsha lwaseMelika, ikamva labo lezoqoqosho lalilixhala. Imeko yezopolitiko yayinomdla, kodwa ubukhulu becala yayijolise kwindlela abezopolitiko abaza kuyiphucula ngayo imeko yezoqoqosho. Kwimeko entsha, abantu baseRussia kunye neentsapho zingena ematyaleni ukuze zihlangabezane neendleko zenyanga. Ukufumaneka kwempahla kunye nokuthenga ngetyala, kuxhaphake kakhulu e-US apho amakhaya ephethe i-50% yetyala, yinto entsha yobomi kuluntu lwe-capitalist eneminyaka engama-25. Inzala kwimali mboleko imalunga neepesenti ezingama-20 ngoko ke xa unetyala kodwa unganyuki kwimeko yezoqoqosho, ityala liyaqhubeka nokudibanisa ukushiya iintsapho ezisencinci ngendlela enzima yokuphuma ngaphandle kokuba uqoqosho luthatha. Ekuxoxeni ngesiCwangciso seSizwe apho i-400 yeebhiliyoni zeedola izakusetyenziswa kwiziseko zophuhliso, ezempilo kunye nemfundo ukukhuthaza uqoqosho, abanye bebebuza ukuba imali izakuchithwa phi na, zeziphi iinkampani ezizakufumana izivumelwano, zibonakalisa ukuthandabuza ukuba ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla buza kuphucuka kwaye amanqanaba orhwaphilizo anokutya isabelo esilungileyo sesiCwangciso seSizwe.
Akukho ziKhuselo zePolitiki eYakutsk
Khange kubekho luqhankqalazo lwezopolitiko eYakutsk njengoko kwenzekile eMoscow. Uqhanqalazo lwakutshanje lwaluphezu kwesityholo sokudlwengulwa kwentombazana yaseYakutsk yindoda yaseKyrgyz. Oku kuzise imicimbi yokufuduka kweKyrgyz iye eRashiya kwaye ngakumbi iYakutia kugxilwe ngokupheleleyo. I-Russia ivumele i-Kyrgyz ukuba ifudukele eYakutia kwimisebenzi. Ulwimi lwaseKyrgyz lusekwe kwisiTurkey njengolwimi lwaseYakut. Njengeriphabliki yelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, abemi baseKyrgyzstan abathethi isiKyrgyz kuphela kodwa bathetha nesiRashiya. Ngokubanzi, i-Kyrgyz idityaniswa kakuhle kuluntu lwaseYakutia, kodwa esi siganeko sizise ukungavisisani kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka eRashiya.
Ngaba i-US lutshaba lweRussia?
Ndibuze umbuzo, "Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-US lutshaba lweRussia?" kubantu abaninzi eMoscow naseYakutsk. Akukho namnye owathi "ewe." Amagqabantshintshi athi "Siyawathanda amaMelika kodwa asiyithandi imigaqo-nkqubo yorhulumente wakho." Abaliqela bathi badidekile ukuba kutheni urhulumente wase-Russia ebengazukubamba unyulo lwase-2016 e-US esazi ukuba ezo zinto ziya kuba mbi-kwaye ke, abakholelwa ukuba urhulumente wabo ukwenzile.
Abanye bathi isohlwayo i-US ibeke iRussia malunga nokongezwa kweCrimea ngo-2014 kunye nokuphazamiseka kunyulo lwase-US ngo-2016 kumenze ukuba uMongameli uPutin athandwe kakhulu kwaye umnike amandla okukhokela ilizwe. Akukho mntu wabuza isihlomelo ngokungafanelekanga okanye ngokungekho mthethweni njengoko iCrimea ibambe iziseko zomkhosi ezinokugrogriswa ngamaphiko obuzwe base-Ukraine. Bathe u-Putin uye wema e-US esenza into abona ngathi ilungile kukhuseleko lwesizwe sase-Russia kunye noqoqosho lwase-Russia.
Bathe ubomi phantsi kolawulo lukaPutin beluzinzile kwaye kude kube yile minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, uqoqosho beluqhubela phambili. Udidi oluphakathi olomeleleyo luvele kwingxubakaxaka yowe-1990. Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zaseJapan nezaseMzantsi Korea zaduma. Ubomi ezidolophini batshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi ezilalini babunzima kwaye abaninzi bafuduka ezilalini baya ezixekweni befuna ingqesho namathuba amakhulu. Abantu abadala abathathe umhlala-phantsi bakufumanisa kunzima ukuhlala kumhlala-phantsi waseburhulumenteni. Abadala bahlala nabantwana babo. Akukho zibonelelo zononophelo zabadala eRashiya. Wonke umntu une-inshurensi yezempilo esisiseko ngurhulumente nangona iiklinikhi zonyango zabucala zikhulela abo banemali ukuba bahlawulele ukhathalelo lwabucala. Nangona izixhobo zonyango kunye namayeza kufanele ukuba akhululwe kwizigwebo, i-sanctions zase-US zichaphazele ukubanakho kokungenisa izixhobo zonyango ezithile.
Iiklabhu zeRotary Zisa amaMelika namaRussia kunye
Ababuki zindwendwe bam eYakutsk babengamalungu eRotary Club International. Iiklabhu zeRotary beziseRashiya ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 xa amaRotari aseMelika ayetyelele iintsapho zaseRussia ngeZiko leeNkqubo zaBemi emva koko baphindisela kwakhona kwaye bamema abantu baseRussia ukuba batyelele i-US. Ngoku zingaphezulu kwama-60 izahluko zeRotary eRashiya. IRotary International inayo kudityanwe neeyunivesithi ezisibhozo kwihlabathi liphela ukudala amaziko ajikelezayo eziFundo zaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoxolo nokusonjululwa kwengxabano. I-Rotary ibonelela ngemali kubaphengululi abangama-75 unyaka nonyaka kangangeminyaka emibini yokuthweswa isidanga kwenye yeyunivesithi ezisibhozo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ingqungquthela elandelayo yeRotary International iyakuba ngeyeSilimela 2020 e-Honolulu kwaye sinethemba lokuba abahlobo abasuka kwizahluko zeRotary eRussia baya kuba nakho ukufumana ii-visa eziya e-US ukuze baye.
I-PermaICE, ayisiyi-Permafrost !!!
Ngexesha lobusika, i-Yakutsk kuthiwa sesona sixeko sibanda emhlabeni ngexesha lobushushu obuqhelekileyo be -40 degrees Centigrade. Isixeko sihleli kwi-permafrost, i-100 yeemitha ukuya kwi-khilomitha enye kunye nengubo engqindilili engqengqelezi ilele nje iinyawo ezimbalwa phantsi komhlaba kulo lonke elaseSiberia, eAlaska, eCanada naseGreenland. I-Permafrost yinto engeyiyo kwigama lam. Kuya kufuneka kubizwe ngokuba yiPermaICE njengekhephu, hayi iqabaka yeyona glacier iphantsi komhlaba efihlwe phantsi kweenyawo ezimbalwa zomhlaba.
Njengokuba ubushushu behlabathi bushushu umhlaba, umkhenkce womkhenkce uqalisa ukunyibilika. Ulwakhiwo luqala ukudweliswa kunye nokuntywila. Ulwakhiwo ngoku lufuna ukuba kwakhiwe izakhiwo kumjikelezo wokuzigcina zingabikho emhlabeni kwaye kuthintele ukufudumeza kwabo ekubeni negalelo ekunyibilikeni kwePermaICE. Ukuba umkhenkce omkhulu ongaphantsi komhlaba unyibilika, ayizukuchithwa ngamanzi kuphela izixeko eziselunxwemeni zehlabathi, kodwa amanzi ebeya kungena nzulu kumazwekazi. Imyuziyam ye-permafrost eqoshwe kwinduli yomkhenkce ngaphandle kweYakutsk inika ithuba lokufumana umbono wobukhulu beqhwa elisemantla eplanethi. Imizobo yeqhwa yemixholo yobomi beYakutian yenza imyuziyam ibe yenye yezona zibalaseleyo endakha ndazibona.
IiMammoth zoolely zigcinwe kwiPermaICE
I-permafrost inegalelo kwenye into eyahlukileyo ye-Yakutia. Ukuzingelwa kwezilwanyana zasendulo ezazijikeleza umhlaba amashumi amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo kugxile apha. Ngelixa inkqantosi yeGobi yaseMongolia ibambe intsalela yee-dinosaurs kunye namaqanda ayo, i-permafrost yaseYakutia ibambe iintsalela ze-mammoth enoboya. Uhambo oluya kwindawo enkulu yommandla obizwa ngokuba yiSakha, eyinxalenye yayo yiYakutia, baphumelele ekufumaneni intsalela egcinwe ngokumangalisayo yemammoth yoboya, igcinwe kakuhle kangangokuba igazi lalihamba kancinci kwisidumbu esinye xa sasisuswe kwingcwaba laso lomkhenkce ngo-2013 Izazinzulu zithathe iisampulu zenyama kwaye ziyayihlalutya. Zisebenzisa iisampulu zenyama egciniweyo, izazinzulu zaseMzantsi Korea zizama ukulinganisa isilwanyana esine-wooly mammoth!
“Isijikelezi-langa Sethu Sincinci Ukuba Sifanele Sihlale Ngoxolo”
Eyona nto iphambili ekuhlaleni kwam eYakutsk, kwiMpuma Ekude eRashiya, yayikukuba amaRussia, njengamaMelika, afuna ungqubano phakathi kwezopolitiko zase-US nezaseRussia kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni ukuba zisonjululwe ngaphandle kwegazi.
Ngokutsho kukaMaria Emelyanova, intloko yeKomiti Yamajoni Omama baseRashiya, "Umhlaba wethu mncinci kangangokuba kufuneka sihlale ngoxolo."
UAnn Wright usebenze iminyaka engama-29 kwi-US Army / Army Reserves kunye nomhlala phantsi njengoColonel. Wayengunozakuzaku wase-US iminyaka eli-16 kwaye warhoxa ngo-2003 ngokuchasene nemfazwe yase-US e-Iraq.
