Kanye iSiseko Somkhosi Womoya…

NguPat Mdala, Oktobha 21, 2019

Ungcoliseko lwe-Lethal e-Norton Air Force Base eSan Bernardino, I-California isongela impilo yabantu i-35 iminyaka emva kokuvalwa kwesiseko.

I-Norton Air Force Base yayiyindawo yokugcina izinto kunye nendawo yokuhambisa izinto ezinzima, into enjengegumbi elikhulu leAmazon lokuvala izixhobo zemfazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Xa isiseko savalwa kwi-1994, uMkhosi woMoya wawusazi indlela eyityhefu ngayo imeko-bume ejikelezileyo, nangona bambalwa abanye ababecinga ngaloo ndlela. I-Norton yaqala kwi-1940 njengesiseko se-Army Air Corps. Iminyaka ye-79 kamva, isiseko sishiya ilifa lomhlaba ongcoliseke kakhulu, amanzi omhlaba, kunye namanzi angaphezulu.

Ngokucaphukisayo, olona nyango lubulalayo lushiywe nguMkhosi Womoya zizinto zePer- nePoly Fluoroalkyl Subitu, okanye iPFAS, esetyenziselwa amagwebu ngexesha lokuzilolonga umlilo. 

bona i INGXELO YOKUHLOLA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUFUNDA IINKCUKACHA EZIQHELEKILEYO ZOKWENZA IINDAWO ZOKUGQIBELA, Agasti 2018. Uvavanyo lwendawo lwenziwa yiAerostar SES LLC yeZiko leNjineli yoMkhosi woMoya. Uvavanyo lubekelwe ukumisela ukugxila kwe-PFOA, i-PFOS, okanye isambuku samanzi aphantsi komhlaba nasemhlabeni. Uvavanyo luye lwahlawuliswa ngokuchonga iindlela ezinokubakho zokuphuza amanzi, kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukunciphisa iimpembelelo kumanzi okusela.

Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba phantsi kwesiseko sangaphambili afunyaniswa angcoliswe yi-PFOS kumanqanaba eenxalenye ze-18.8 kwitriliyoni. Izazinzulu zeHarvard zithi 1 ppt inokuba yingozi. Iisampulu zithathiwe nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba- i-229.48 ukuya kwi-249.4 yeenyawo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ukufunyanwa kwezi carcinogens ezingama-249.4 ezinyaweni ezantsi kuphakamisa ukuba imichiza ingene kangakanani kumanzi anzulu okoko yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngo-1970. "Iikhemikhali ezingunaphakade" ziye zangena emhlabeni kwinqanaba leenyawo ezintlanu ngonyaka. 

I-California isanda kumiselwa amanqanaba okwazisa ye-PFOS kwi-6.5 ppt kunye ne-PFOA kwi-5.1 ppt yamanzi okusela, oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aseNorton aphantse amatyeli amathathu ngaphezulu kwelo nqanaba. Umhlaba wafunyanwa uqukethe i-5,990 micrograms ngekhilogram (μg / kg) ye-PFOS, ephantse iphindwe kahlanu kunomgangatho wokuzithandela we-EPA we-1,260 µg / kg.

Uvavanyo lwesiza luqulathe ingxelo kunye necandelo lempendulo apho abalawuli bacela uMkhosi woMoya ukucaciselwa kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo. Umkhosi woMoya ugcina ukuba "indlela yokuvezwa kwamanzi okusela ayigqitywanga." Ngamanye amagama, uMkhosi woMoya uthi akukho ndlela yePFAS yokufikelela kumanzi okusela. I-EPA ithi ngaphambi kwexesha ukugqiba oku ngokusekwe kulwazi olunikezwe nguMkhosi woMoya. 

I-EPA icele uMkhosi Womoya ukuba unikezele ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokufuduswa kwe-AFFF kwiindawo ezichongiweyo ukusukela ngexesha lokukhutshwa. Okwangoku, uMkhosi woMoya ubanga ukuba iiccinogens ziye zafuduka kuphela kwi-4 yeemayile, ngelixa i-EPA ibuza loo manani, bebonisa ukuba kufanele ukuba ibe ngaphezulu. I-EPA icela uvavanyo loMkhosi woMoya ophakathi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi malunga ne-4 yeekhilomitha kwisiseko sangaphambili.

Eyona nto imangalisayo, uMkhosi woMoya ubambe iziphumo zovavanyo zePFAS ezinokubakho kumhlaba nakumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo zoMthombo wokwakha i-694 kunye neZiko lama-2333. Ukushiyeka kubalulekile kuba inkqubo ichaphazele ukufuduswa kokukhutshwa kwe-AFFF. I-EPA icele uMkhosi woMoya ukuba ubonelele ngolwazi malunga nendawo yemithombo yokutsala ngokunxulumene neendawo ze-AFFF, zisebenza ixesha elingakanani, ukuba amanzi aphathwa njani kwaye akhutshwa njani, njl. 

Zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile ekumiseleni ifuthe kwimpilo yoluntu. Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-obfuscation lwenzeka kuwo onke amanqanaba oLawulo lweTrump, kodwa apha, ubuxoki babo bunefuthe kwimpilo yethu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho icandelo lokubhaliweyo phakathi kwabalawuli bamanzi baseCalifornia kunye noMkhosi woMoya. Inika ukuqonda kwi Isiko lokungcola. Funda amagqabantshintshi kaStephen Niou, iSebe leCarlifonia leZinto ezinobuthi (DTSC) noPatricia Hannon weBhodi eLawula uMgangatho waManzi weSanta Ana. Emva koko, funda iimpendulo ezivela kuMkhosi woMoya.

UMkhosi woMoya ngokucacileyo ubeka umthetho, “Ukugxilwa kwePFOS kungabeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungabikho kwemigangatho yokunyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokwaseburhulumenteni, isenzo esingaphezulu asikhuthazwa de ibe le migangatho iphuhlisiwe kwaye yabhengezwa. Ngenxa yokuba umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu ovela kwi-PFAS emhlabeni awuqondakali ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho migangatho ibhengeziweyo, izindululo zokudambisa azilunganga okwangoku. ” 

Umkhosi womoya uxhomekeke kwi-EPA kunye neCongress ukuze ugweme ukubekeka ityala ngelixa uqhubeka nokufaka ityhefu kuluntu. Ukusebenza kwe-EPA kwinqanaba lendawo, njengoko kubonisiwe apha, kuyancomeka, kodwa ukwala kwayo, kumgangatho federal, ukubeka amanqanaba angcolisayo aphezulu kuzo zonke iikhemikhali zePFAS kuyabekekeka.

I-Norton AFB yangaphambili ikwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kwale graphic. Umlambo weSanta Ana uqukuqela usuka kwisiseko uye eCorona. Qaphela i-spike kwindawo yokufunda kwamanzi umphezulu ecaleni kweCorona ezantsi / embindini wemephu. Lo mmandla unemithombo emibini eyaziwa ngokungcolisa indalo esingqongileyo nePFAS: Umkhosi Womoya wase-US kunye nombutho we3M, obekwe eCorona. 3M kwaye Umkhosi Womoya ubeyityhefu ngokufihlakeleyo kuluntu lwaseMelika- kwaye uxoka ngayo kwizizukulwana ezibini.

Addendum

Ungcoliseko lwePFAS lommandla waseSanta Ana yiNorton Air Force Base ngamaqhezu nje engcoliseko olunxulumana nendawo. Ezinye zeekhemikhali eziyingozi kakhulu ezaziwayo zikhona emhlabeni, kumhlaba wamanzi, kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nomoya kwingingqi ejikeleze iNorton. Umkhosi womoya wawungenakhathalela kubaphathi bawo bomhlaba. 

Ezilandelayo Kufunyanwa imichiza enetyhefu kwindawo eyayisakuba yiNorton Air Force Base. Jonga iArhente yeZinto ezinobuthi kunye neRegistry yeZifo Iiprofayili zetyhefu ngolwazi malunga nongcoliseko ngalunye. Ezi khemikhali zihlala zingena kwimizimba yethu ukubangela umhlaza, ukugula kunye nokufa:  

I-1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE engcolisayo, i-1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2- I-DICHLOROBENZENE, i-1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, i-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (CIS NETRans UMBONO), 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BENZENE, BENZO (B) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO (K) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO [A] ANTHRACENE, I-BENZO [A] I-PYRENE, i-BERYLLIUM, I-CADMIUM, I-CHLORDANE, I-DIXININ ZE-CHLORINATED KANYE I-FURans, CHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHROMIUM, CHRYSENE, CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, COPPER, CYANIDE, I-DICHLOROBENZENE (ISIHLOKO ESIPHAKATHI), I-ETHYLBENZENE, INDENO (1,2,3-CD) IPYRENE, KWI-LEAD, I-MERCURY NAPHTHALENE, iNICKEL, IIPIPHENYI ZOKUGQIBELA ZAMAPOLISA (Ii-PCB), I-BIPHENYLS ye-POLYCHLORINATED (PCBs), IHYDROCARBONS YAMAPOLISA. (I-PAHS), I-RADIUM-226, SELENIUM SILVER, TETRACHLOROETHENE, THALLIUM, TOLUENE, I-TRans-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, TRICHLOROETHENE, XYLENE (ISIQINISEKISO), ZINC.