NguTomohiro Osaki, Agasti 3, 2020
ukusuka Japan Times
Ukuqhamka kutshanje kwe-coronavirus yenoveli kwiziseko zempi yase-Okinawa kusenze safumana ukukhanya kwakhona malunga nezinto abaninzi abazibona njengezamalungelo angaphezulu kwezasekhaya ezinanditshwa ngabasebenzi baseMelika phantsi kwesivumelwano se-US-Japan Status for Forces (SOFA).
Phantsi kwesakhelo, amalungu emikhosi yase-US anikezwe umsebenzi okhethekileyo ovela “kwipasipoti yaseJapan nemithetho nemigaqo ye-visa,” ebenza ukuba bakwazi ukubhabha ngqo kwiziseko kwaye banciphise ulawulo oluzimiseleyo lokuhlola intsholongwane elawulwa ngabasemagunyeni kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya.
Ukungagungqi kwabo ekujongweni kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe sisikhumbuzo esisemva nje sokuba bonke abasebenzi be-SOFA bengekho “ngaphezulu komthetho” eJapan, bephikisana nemeko ezifanayo ngexesha elidlulileyo apho umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe amabini ume ngendlela yeenzame zeziphathamandla zikazwelonke zokuphanda, kunye Landela ulawulo ngaphezulu, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neengozi ezibandakanya iinkonzo zaseMelika - ngakumbi eOkinawa.
Iiklinikhi zase-Okinawa zikwabonise kwakhona indlela igunya leJapan njengelizwe eliyamkelayo libuthathaka kunabanye abalingane bayo eYurophu naseAsia ngokufanayo bethatha umkhosi wase-US, belawula iminxeba e-Okinawa yokuhlaziywa kwesakhelo.
Imbali entle
Ityikitywe kunye nesiVumelwano soKhuseleko sase-US-Japan ngo-1960, isivumelwano samazwe amabini sibonisa amalungelo kunye namalungelo apho amalungelo emikhosi yase-US anelungelo eJapan.
Isivumelwano siyimfuneko engenakuthintelwa ekubanjweni kweJapan emkhosini wase-US, apho ilizwe elinomgaqo-siseko lithembele kakhulu njengesithintelo.
Kodwa imigaqo esekwe phezu kwayo isikhokelo ihlala ibonwa njengengalunganga kwiJapan, iphakamisa ukuthandabuza ubukhosi.
Ngaphandle kwendlela yokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, ibonelela ngolawulo olukhethekileyo lwe-US kwiziseko zayo kunye nethambeka ligunya laseJapan malunga nophando lolwaphulomthetho kunye nokuqhubeka kwezomthetho apho abancedisi baseMelika babandakanyekayo. Kukho nokukhululwa kwimithetho yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya yaseJapan, ivumela i-US ukuba iqhube ngoqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nezisoloko zibangela izikhalazo zengxolo.
Olunye uphuculo lwenziwe ngohlobo lwezikhokelo kunye nezivumelwano ezongeziweyo kule minyaka idlulileyo, kodwa inkqubo yona ngokwayo ihleli ingafakwanga okoko yasungulwa ngo-1960.
Ukungalingani okubonakalayo kwesi sivumelwano kuye kwenziwa okuphindaphindiweyo, kuvavanywa okunzima ngalo lonke ixesha kusenzeka isiganeko esikhulu, kuvuselela umnxeba wokuba siphinde siqwalaselwe - ngakumbi e-Okinawa.
Njengowona mkhosi ubalaseleyo wezopolitiko zase-US, u-Okinawa uye wazala imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho olunobuzaza ngabahlali, kubandakanya nokudlwengulwa kwabahlali balapha, kunye nokuqubuka kweenqwelomoya kunye neengxaki zengxolo.
Ngokwe-Okinawa Prefecture, izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezingama-6,029 zenziwa ngabasebenzi baseMelika, abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nosapho phakathi konyaka ka-1972- xa u-Okinawa wabuyiselwa kulawulo lwaseJapan- nango-2019. Ngexesha elifanayo, kwabakho iingozi ezingama-811 ezazibandakanya inqwelo moya yase-US, kubandakanya ukwaphulwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nokuwa iinxalenye.
Abahlali kufutshane neKadena Air Base kunye neMarine Corps Air Station yeFutenma kwiriphabhlikhi baphinde bamangalela urhulumente oyintloko efuna ulwaziso, kunye nomonakalo ngaphezulu, uqeqesho lweenqwelo moya ezingena phakathi kobusuku ngumkhosi wase-US.
Kodwa mhlawumbi eyona nto ibangele ukuba kube ngu-célèbre yaba kukudibana ngo-2004 kwe-US Marine Corps Sea Stallion helikopta kwikhampasi ye-Okinawa International University.
Ngaphandle kwengozi eyenzekileyo kwipropathi yaseJapan, umkhosi wase-US uthathe indawo ngaphandle kwengozi ngaphandle kwengozi, walela amapolisa ase-Okinawan nabacimi-mlilo ukuba bangene ngaphakathi. Isiganeko sibonisa umgca wobukhosi phakathi kweJapan kunye ne-US phantsi kwe-SOFA, kwaye ngenxa yoko zenza la maqela mabini ukuba aveze izikhokelo ezitsha zeendawo ezingalunganga zengozi.
Ideja Vu?
Imbono yomkhosi wase-US njengeyona ndawo ingcwele ingashukuxwanga ngumthetho waseJapan iye yaqiniswa ngexesha logwayimbo lwenqaku le-coronavirus, kunye nabasebenzi bayo abakwaziyo ukungena kwisizwe ngokweenkqubo zabo zokuvalelwa bodwa apho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zingabandakanyi uvavanyo olunyanzelekileyo.
Ngokwesiqendu 9 somgaqo-sikhokelo onika amandla ukungasebenzi kwabasebenzi emkhosini kwipasipoti kunye nemigaqo ye-visa, uninzi luvela e-US - eyona ndawo inkulu ye-coronavirus yomhlaba eshushu - babhabha ngqo kwiziseko zomoya eJapan ngaphandle kovavanyo olunyanzelekileyo kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya.
Umkhosi wase-US ubeke abantu abangenayo kwindawo yokugcina abantu yosuku lwe-14 eyaziwa ngokuba ngumda wokuhamba (i-ROM). Kodwa kude kube kutshanje bekunganyanzelisi uvavanyo lwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kubo bonke, kuvavanywa kuphela abo babonisa iimpawu ze-COVID-19, ngokwegosa lenkonzo yelinye ilizwe elinike ingxelo iintatheli ngemeko yokungaziwa.
Kwakungekho kude kube nge-24 kaJulayi ukuba i-US Force Force Japan (i-USFJ) ithathe inyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokuvavanywa okunyanzeliswayo, ivakalise ukuba bonke abasebenzi bezikhundla ze-SOFA- kubandakanya nomkhosi, abantu abasebenza ngaphandle, iintsapho kunye nabakhi - baya kunyanzelwa ukuba baphume ngo-COVID-19. uvavanyo ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwi-ROM yeentsuku ezili-14.
Abanye abasebenzi be-SOFA, nangona kunjalo, bafika ngenqwelomoya. Abo bantu bebeye kuvavanywa kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya njengoko kubonelelwe ngurhulumente waseJapan, nokuba abonisi zimpawu okanye akunjalo, igosa lenkonzo yezangaphandle lathi.
NgamaMelika kwimigaqo-nkqubo abakwazi ukungena eJapan okwangoku ngenxa yokuvalwa komsebenzi, amalungu eSOFA angenayo anyanzelwe ukuba aphathwe ngabemi baseJapan abafuna ukuphinda bangene.
"Ngokubhekisele kwinkonzo ezincinci, amalungelo abo okungena eJapan aqinisekiswe yi-SOFA kwasekuqaleni. Ke ukwala ukungena kwabo kuya kuba yingxaki njengoko kuchasene ne-SOFA, ”latsho eli gosa.
Isimo sengqondo esinegunya kunye negunya
Le meko yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izizwe.
Nangona ngokufanayo ngokuxhomekeka kwi-SOFA kunye ne-US, abamelwane baseMzantsi Korea baqinisekisa ukuvavanywa kwabo bonke abantu base-US bafika kwangoko kunangaphambili eJapan.
I-United States Forces Korea (USFK) ayiphendulanga kwizicelo zokucacisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala wokuvavanywa uqalile nini.
Iingxelo zayo zikawonke-wonke, nangona kunjalo, zicebisa ukuba ulawulo olungqongqo lomkhosi luqale kwangoko pha ngo-Epreli. Isaziso ukusukela ngo-Epreli 20 satsho ukuba "nawuphi na umntu odibeneyo wase-USFK ofika eSouth Korea evela phesheya" uya kuvavanywa kabini ngexesha lokuvalelwa yedwa kwiintsuku ezili-14 - ekungeneni nasekuphumeni - kwaye kuya kufuneka abonise iziphumo ezibi kuwo omabini amathuba ukhululwe.
Isiteyitimenti esahlukileyo njengolwesine sibonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokuvavanywa uhlala ukho, i-USFK isithi "ngumgaqo wokuthintela amanyathelo angqongqo e-USFK ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane."
U-Akiko Yamamoto, unjingalwazi onxulumene naye kwizifundo zokhuseleko kwiYunivesithi yaseRyukyus kunye nengcali ye-SOFA, uthe ukungafani komkhosi wase-US malunga novavanyo phakathi kweJapan neSouth Korea kunokubangela ukungabi nanto yakwenza noko kucaciswa yi-SOFA yabo.
Ngenxa yokuba zombini ezi nguqulelo zinikezela igunya kwi-US ekhethekileyo ukulawula iziseko zayo, "Andicingi ukuba uMzantsi Korea unikwe phantsi kwe-SOFA naliphi na ilungelo elingcono kuneJapan xa kuziwa ekuvavanyweni kweenkonzo zaseMelika ukufika," utshilo uYamamoto.
Umahluko ke, kukholelwa ukuba ngowezopolitiko ngakumbi.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wovavanyo oluchasayo waseMzantsi Korea ukusuka apho uqhubeka khona, kudityaniswa nento yokuba iziseko zase-US kwisizwe zigxunyekwe kwindawo yezopolitiko eSeoul, ndicacisa ukuba "iNyanga Jae-kwezolawulo inokuthi inyanzelise ukuba umkhosi wase-US usebenze ngokuchaseneyo. Iiprotokholi, ”utshilo uYamamoto.
Kwenye indawo, imeko ye-Japan-US SOFA yaseJapan isenokuba yadlala indima ekwenzeni umehluko omkhulu.
Ingxelo yonyaka ka-2019 yi-Okinawa Prefecture, eyayiphanda ukuma okusemthethweni kwezomkhosi wase-US phesheya, yabonisa indlela amazwe afana neJamani, i-Itali, iBelgium kunye ne-United Kingdom akwazi ngayo ukumisela ubukhosi obukhulu kwaye alawula imikhosi yaseMelika ngemithetho yayo yasekhaya phantsi kweMantla. Umbutho weSivumelwano se-Atlantic (NATO) SOFA
"Xa imikhosi yaseMelika isuka kwelinye ilizwe ingamalungu e-NATO, idinga imvume yokwamkela amazwe ukuba ifudukele, kwaye amazwe abambeleyo agunyazisiwe ukuba aqinisekise ukuba abenakho ukuzibandakanya yedwa," utshilo uYamamoto.
IOstreliya, nayo, inokusebenzisa eyayo imithetho yokuvalelwa emkhosini e-US phantsi kwe-US-Australia SOFA, ngokwe projekthi yase-Okinawa.
Umkhosi ngamnye wase-US ohambisa eDarwin, idolophu elikhulukazi yeNyakatho ye-Australia, uya "kuhlolwa kwaye avavanyelwe i-COVID-19 ekufikeni e-Australia, ngaphambi kokuba abekwe zindawo ezili-14 kwiindawo ezilungiselelwe ukhuseleko kwindawo yaseDarwin," uLinda. UReynolds, umphathiswa wezokhuseleko e-Australia, utshilo kwisitatimende sokuphela kukaMeyi.
Ukuvula isikhewu
Inkxalabo ngoku iyakhula yokuba ipasile yasimahla enikezwe abantu be-SOFA abafika eJapan iza kuhlala iyimbumba kwimizamo ngorhulumente ophakathi kunye noomasipala wokulwa ukusasazeka kwenoveli corus.
“Ngokutheleleka kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza e-US nakuwo nawuphi na umntu waseMelika osengozini yosulelo, ekuphela kwendlela yokuphelisa intsholongwane kukulawula ukungena kwabantu abasuka e-US, utshilo u-Yamamoto. "Kodwa into yokuba abasebenzi be-SOFA bangahamba ngokukhululekileyo kuba benxibelelene nomkhosi kuyakhawulezisa oko kusengozini yosulelo."
Nangona i-USFJ ngoku ibhengeze uvavanyo kubo bonke abasebenzi abanyanzelekileyo, izakwenziwa ingaxhaswanga ngabasemagunyeni baseJapan, ibangela umbuzo wokuba ingaba le mithetho iza kulawulwa kangakanani.
Kwindibano yakhe noMphathiswa Wezangaphandle uToshimitsu Motegi kunye noMphathiswa Wezokhuselo u-Taro Kono kwinyanga ephelileyo, u-Okinawa Gov. UDenny Tamaki wanyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba athathe amanyathelo okumiswa kwamalungu e-SOFA ukusuka e-US aye e-Okinawa, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwe-SOFA baphantsi kwemithetho yokuvalelwa kwelizwe laseJapan.
Mhlawumbi uyazi ngokugxekwa, i-USFJ ikhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo engaqhelekanga kunye neTokyo kwiveki ephelileyo. Kuyo, igxininise ukuba "izithintelo ezibalulekileyo ezongeziweyo" ngoku zazifakwa kulo lonke ufakelo lwe-Okinawa ngenxa yesimo sempilo esikhuselweyo, kwaye yathembisa ukwenza ukubhengezwa kwamatyala ngokucacileyo.
"I-GoJ kunye ne-USFJ ziyaqinisekisa kwakhona ukuzibophelela kwabo ekuqinisekiseni ukulungelelaniswa kwemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya noorhulumente bengingqi, naphakathi kwabasemagunyeni bezempilo, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 eJapan," satsho isitatimende.
