nguJim Naureckas, Ukuchaneka nokuChaneka kweNgxelo
“Indlela Eye Yakhuseleka Ngayo Eyona Ndawo Iyingozi Emhlabeni” yayingumxholo wenqaku eliphambili kwiphephancwadi ENew York Times' “IVeki Yokuphononongwa” (8/11/16), ngokufunda oku, “Iinkqubo ezixhaswa ngemali yiUnited States zinceda ekuguquleni iHonduras. Ngubani othi amandla aseMelika afile?"
Isiqwenga asizange sifikelele ekuchazeni, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iHonduras yaba yeyona ndawo iyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngamandla aseMelika lawo, nawo.
Intatheli uSonia Nazario wabuyela eHonduras emva kweminyaka emithathu engekho ukuze afumane
ukwehla okumangalisayo kobundlobongela, uninzi lwayo ngenxa yeenkqubo ezixhaswa ngemali yi-United States ezincede iinkokeli zoluntu ukuba zilwe nolwaphulo-mthetho…. I-United States ayincedanga nje ukwenza ezi ndawo zikhuseleke ngakumbi, kodwa ikwanciphise uxinzelelo kwilizwe lethu.
UNazario uchaze iinkqubo zokulwa nobundlobongela ezixhaswa ngemali yi-US kwindawo enolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu kwisixeko saseHonduran iSan Pedro Sula:
I-United States ibonelele iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni ngezithethi ezivakalayo kwimisitho, izixhobo zokucoca amabala ebhola ekhatywayo ali-10 alahliweyo aye ayindawo yokulahla imizimba, iincwadi zamanqaku kunye neeyunifomu zesikolo, kunye nenkxaso-mali yokufaka izibane zesitrato kunye neetoti zokulahla inkunkuma.
Unike iziphumo zoku kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo njengobungqina bokuba "utyalo-mali ngobuchule eHonduras luyaphumelela" kunye "nokukhalima okumangalisayo kwabo bakhulayo bezopolitiko zaseMelika," "ababonakala ngathi baphelelwe lukholo kumandla aseMelika."
Kodwa uNazario wasilela ukuchaza indlela amandla aseMerika ahlahlel’ indlela yokwanda kogonyamelo eHonduras. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, izinga lokubulawa kwabantu eHonduras Uguqukile phakathi kwe-44.3 kunye ne-61.4 nge-100,000-phezulu kakhulu imigangatho yehlabathi, kodwa iyafana namaxabiso e-El Salvador neGuatemala engummelwane. (Akuyonto nje yazenzekela ukuba omathathu la mazwe alawulwa ngoorhulumente abanobundlobongela, abaxhaswa yi-US ngeminyaka yoo-1980-umxholo wembali op-ed washiywa ngokupheleleyo.) Kwathi, ngoJuni ka-2009, uMongameli waseHonduras othe tye uManuel Zelaya waba Ukubhukuqwa kubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi, baxhwilwa kwaye baphuma ngenqwelomoya ngaphandle kwelizwe ngesiseko somkhosi esihlangeneyo sase-US/Honduran ePalerola.
I-US kufanele ukuba inqumle uncedo kwilizwe elinomkhosi womkhosi-kwaye "akukho mathandabuzo" ukuba ukugxothwa kukaZelaya "kwakwenza ubhukuqo-mbuso olungekho mthethweni nolungekho semthethweni," ngokwengxelo eyimfihlo eyathunyelwa ngunozakuzaku wase-US eHonduras ngoJulayi. 24, 2009, kwaye kamvababoniswa by WikiLeaks. Kodwa i-US iqhubekile noncedo oluninzi kwiHonduras, iwaphepha ngononophelo amagama omlingo athi "ukubhukuqa komkhosi" ebeza kufuna ukurhoxisa inkxaso kurhulumente wobhukuqo-mbuso.
Ii-imeyile zangaphakathi zibonisa ukuba iSebe likaRhulumente icinezelwe i-OAS ukuba ingamxhasi urhulumente womgaqo-siseko welizwe. Kwinkumbulo yakhe Iinqununu ezinzima, uHillary Clinton khumbulaindlela njengonobhala welizwe asebenze ngayo emva kwemiboniso ukuze aqinisekise ulawulo olutsha:
Kwiintsuku ezalandelayo [emva kobhukuqo-mbuso] ndathetha noogxa bam kwi-hemisphere, kuquka noNobhala u-Espinosa eMexico. Siye saqulunqa isicwangciso sokubuyisela ucwangco eHonduras, kwaye siqinisekise ukuba unyulo olukhululekileyo nolungenamkhethe lungabanjwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eya kwenza umbuzo kaZelaya moot.
Ngorhwaphilizo, ezinxulumene neziyobisi ulawulo endaweni, enkosi inxalenye enkulu US ungenelelo, ukubulala e Honduras yanda, ukunyuka ukuya kuma-70.7 kwi-100,000 ngo-2009, i-81.8 ngo-2010 kunye ne-91.4 ngo-2011-ngokupheleleyo i-50 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwenqanaba langaphambi kobhukuqo-mbuso. Ngelixa uninzi lokubulala lwalubandakanya amaqela olwaphulo-mthetho, uninzi lodushe lwasemva kobhukuqo-mbuso lwaluyezopolitiko, luvuselelwe. amaqela okufakujoliswe kwiintatheli, amaqela aphikisayo, amatsha ntliziyo emisebenzi kunye nabezendalo esingqongileyo—inkokeli yabo yemveli IBerta Cáceres yayiyeyona idumileyo kuphela.
Ngaxa lithile, kwakubonakala ngathi uNazario uza kuyivuma indima yase-US ekudaleni iingxaki azinika “amandla aseMelika” ngetyala lokuphucula. “Sikwalungisa umonakalo owenziwe yi-United States,” wabhala—kodwa ingcaciso ayinikayo ngaloo nto yayibhalwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga:
okokuqala ngokugxotha amashumi amawaka emigulukudu eHonduras kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, isigqibo esiphembelele isiphithiphithi samva nje, kwaye okwesibini kukuqhuba kwemfuno yethu yamachiza, athunyelwa ngenqanawa esuka eColombia naseVenezuela edlula eHonduras.
Akukhankanywa ukuba i-US ixhasa ubhukuqo-mbuso lweHonduras, okanye ukubulawa kwezopolitiko kurhulumente oxhaswa yi-US.
Ngaxa lithile, iikota ezintathu zendlela enqumla kwisiqwenga eside, uNazario wavuma ukuphumelela indima engendawo edlalwa yi-US eLatin America:
Kuya kuthatha okungaphezulu kwale projekthi ukutshintsha isidima se-United States kulo mmandla wehlabathi, apho sidume ngokuxhaphaza abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kunye nokunceda ukugcina abacinezeli besemandleni.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kufanelekile ukuba amanye ama-despots e-US ancede ukugcina amandla akwilizwe abika kulo, kwaye oku kukhokelele ngqo kwingxaki abhala ngayo? Kodwa wayeka umbono apho, eqhubela phambili kwangoko ukuthetha malunga nomdla wase-US ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwabantwana ababaleki.
Eyona nxalenye ikhathazayo ye-op-ed kukuba ayizivanga mfuneko yokuvuma okanye ukuphikisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkxaso yase-US kubhukuqo-mbuso kunye nezinga lokubulala elothusayo laseHonduras. I ENew York Times yagubungela uninzi lwalo mhlaba, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwi-op-ed by UDana Frank kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo (1/26/12). Ngoku, nangona kunjalo, olo lwazi luphantsi komngxuma wememori-ukushiya i Maxesha simahla ukuvakalisa iminikelo yenkunkuma kunye neeyunifomu zesikolo njengesibhengezo samandla aseMelika.
