Elliott Adams
Phezulu, iinkundla zaseNuremberg yayiyinkundla edityaniswe ngabaphumeleleyo abatshutshisa aboyisiweyo. Kuyinyani ukuba izaphuli-mthetho zemfazwe ze-Axis zazanywa nangona izigebenga zemfazwe zazingasekho. Kodwa kwakukhona inkxalabo enkulu ngelo xesha malunga nokumisa iimfazwe zobundlobongela kunokutshutshisa izaphuli-mthetho zemfazwe, kuba akukho mntu wayecinga ukuba umhlaba ungasinda kwimfazwe enye yehlabathi. Injongo yayingekokuphindezela kodwa yayikukufumana indlela entsha eya phambili. INkundla yamaTyala kwisigwebo sayo ithe “ulwaphulo mthetho ngokuchasene nomthetho wamanye amazwe lwenziwa ngamadoda, hayi ngamacandelo angaqondakaliyo, kwaye kuphela ukohlwaya abantu abenza olo lwaphulo mthetho apho imigaqo yelizwe jikelele inganyanzeliswa.”
INuremberg yayahluke mpela kwimeko yesiqhelo sobulungisa bempumelelo yexesha. Nge-Nuremberg abaphumeleleyo babuya kwisohlwayo esamkelekileyo sokuphindezela abo boyisiweyo. Inkuthazo yokohlwaya abo baqala imfazwe eyabulala amashumi asixhenxe anesibini ezigidi, kubandakanya amashumi amathandathu ananye ezigidi kwicala lomnqobi, yayinkulu. UJustice Robert Jackson, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US i-Justice kunye ne-main architect yase-Nuremberg Tribunals, bathi kwingxelo yokuvula ye-Tribunals "Iziphoso esifuna ukuzigweba nokohlwaya zibalwe kakhulu, zibi kakhulu, kwaye zibuhlungu, kangangokuba impucuko ayinakho ukunyamezele ukungahoywa kwabo, kuba ayinakuphila xa iphindaphindwa. ” UStalin ucebise ukuba ukuthintela okufanelekileyo kuya kuba kukuqhuba iinkokheli eziphezulu ezingama-50,000 5,000 zaseJamani. Ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwiMpuma yephondo eyathi yafunyanwa ngamaRussia, kulula ukuqonda ukuba wayekuthatha njani oku kufanelekile. UChurchill wathi ukubulawa kwama-XNUMX aphezulu kuya kuba ligazi elaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngekhe kwenzeke kwakhona.
Amagunya aphumeleleyo endaweni yoko abeka indlela entsha, enye yezilingo zolwaphulo-mthetho, iNuremberg kunye neTokyo Tribunals. UJustice Jackson ubhengeze ukuba "Amazwe amane amakhulu, aphumelele uloyiso kwaye alunywa kukonzakala, ahlala isandla sempindezelo kwaye ngokuzithandela angenise iintshaba zawo ezithinjiweyo kwisigwebo somthetho yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezakha zahlawulwa nguMandla kwisizathu."
Yamkelwa njengengafezekanga, iNuremberg yayililinge lokuseka umthetho ukuze kujongwane neenkokheli zentlalontle kunye nezikhohlakeleyo kunye nabalandeli babo abaza kuqala iimfazwe zobundlongondlongo. "Esi Sigqeba, nangona siyinoveli kwaye silingwa, simele iinzame zamazwe amane anamandla, ngenkxaso yeshumi elinesixhenxe ngaphezulu, ukusebenzisa umthetho wamazwe aphesheya ukuhlangabezana nesoyikiso esikhulu samaxesha ethu - imfazwe yobundlongondlongo." Utshilo uJackson. Oluvavanyo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba ummangalelwa ngamnye ubekwa tyala, unelungelo lokuzithethelela phambi kwenkundla, ngokufanayo nenkundla yoluntu. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi kukho inqanaba lobulungisa okoko abanye bafunyanwa bengenatyala kwaphela, abanye bafunyanwa benetyala kwezinye izityholo kwaye uninzi lwabo lungakhange lubulawe. Nokuba le yayiyinkundla nje yomntu ophumeleleyo enxibe isinxibo esithandwayo sobulungisa okanye amanyathelo okuqala okusilela kwendlela entsha eya phambili kuya kuxhomekeka kwinto eyenzekileyo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwanokuba kwenzeka ntoni ngoku. Ezinye zezinto ezamkelweyo njengeziqhelekileyo namhlanje zisiza kuthi zivela eNuremberg njengamagama olwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ulwaphulo mthetho ngokuchasene noluntu
UJackson uthe, “Asinakuze silibale ukuba irekhodi esigweba kulo aba batyholwa yingxelo ezakusigweba ngomso. Ukugqithisa aba bamangalelwa ikomityi enetyhefu kukuyibeka nakumilebe yethu. ” Bayazi ukuba babhala inxenye yokuqala yebali laseNuremberg kwaye abanye bazakubhala isiphelo. Singawuphendula lo mbuzo malunga nobulungisa be-victor ngokujonga nje ngo-1946. Okanye singathatha imbono ephangaleleyo kwaye siwuphendule ngokwemihla yanamhlanje neyekamva, ngokweziphumo zexesha elide ezivela eNuremberg.
Nokuba yayikukusesikweni kuphela ukulungiselela izibonelelo zabaphumeleleyo ngumceli mngeni wethu. Ngaba siya kuvumela umthetho wamanye amazwe ube sisixhobo sabanamandla kuphela? Okanye siya kusebenzisa iNuremberg njengesixhobo se "Reason over Power"? Ukuba sivumela iMigaqo yeNuremberg ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela ngokuchasene neentshaba zabanamandla iya kuba bubulungisa bempumelelo kwaye siya kuba "sibeka itshisi enetyhefu kwimilebe yethu." Ukuba endaweni yoko thina, abantu, siyasebenza, sinyanzelisa kwaye, siphumelele ekubambeni ezethu izaphuli-mthetho kunye noorhulumente kule mithetho inye ngekhe ibiyinkundla yomnqobi. Amazwi kaJustice Jackson sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo namhlanje, “Ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo koluntu kufuna ukuba umthetho ungagqityi ukohlwaywa kolwaphulo-mthetho oluncinane olwenziwa ngabantu abancinci. Kufuneka ifikelele nakubantu abanamandla amakhulu kwaye bayisebenzise ngabom nangokuzimisela ukwenza ububi. ”
Ukubuyela umva kumbuzo wokuqala-Ngaba iinkundla zaseNuremberg yayizezobulungisa boyisi kuphela? - oko kuxhomekeke kuthi-oko kuxhomekeke kuwe. Ngaba siya kutshutshisa ezethu izaphuli-mthetho zemfazwe? Ngaba siya kuhlonipha kwaye sisebenzise izibophelelo zaseNuremberg zokuchasa ulwaphulo-mthetho lukarhulumente ngokuchasene noluntu kunye nolwaphulo mthetho?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
U-Elliott Adams wayeyedwa, ezopolitiko, usomashishini; ngoku usebenzela uxolo. Umdla wakhe kumthetho wamazwe aphesheya wakhula kumava akhe emfazweni, kwiindawo zongquzulwano olufana neGaza, kwaye ekwilingo lokulwela uxolo.
