nguChristine Ahn, www.truth-out.org, Julayi 22nd, 2017
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ndawela owona mda wehlabathi onqatyisiweyo ukusuka kuMantla ukuya kuMzantsi Korea kunye nabasetyhini abangama-30 abanoxolo abavela kumazwe ali-15, ndibiza isivumelwano soxolo sokuphelisa iMfazwe yaseKorea yeminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Ngomhla we-13 kuJulayi, ndalelwa ukungena eMzantsi Korea ndisuka e-United States njengembuyekezo yokulwela uxolo, kubandakanya nomngcelele woxolo lwabasetyhini luka-2015.
Njengoko ndandingena kwinqwelomoya yam yase-Asiana Airlines eya eShanghai kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseSan Francisco, umthengisi wamatikiti kwikhawuntara wandazisa ukuba andizukukhwela inqwelomoya eya eSeoul Incheon International. Umphathi wandibuyisela incwadana yam yokundwendwela waza wandazisa ukuba wayesandul’ ukufowunela igosa likarhulumente waseMzantsi Korea elalimxelele ukuba “ndalelwa ukungena” kweli lizwe.
“Inokuba yimpazamo le,” ndatsho. "Ngaba uMzantsi Korea uza kundivala ngenene kuba ndiququzelele uhambo loxolo lwabasetyhini kwindawo engenamkhosi?" Ndabuza ndisibongoza isazela. Ukuba ngenene kwakukho ukuvalwa kokuhamba, ndacinga ukuba, kufuneka ukuba kubekwe nguMongameli uPark ohlazekileyo. Kodwa ebengandiboni emehlweni. Wahamba wathi akukho nto izakwenziwa. Kuya kufuneka ndifake isicelo se-visa kwaye ndibhukishe inqwelomoya entsha eya eShanghai. Ndenzile, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ndikhwele inqwelomoya yam, ndathetha negqala lentatheli uTim Shorrock weSizwe kunye noChoe Sang-hun weNew York Times.
Ukufika kwam eShanghai, kunye neqabane lam lokuhamba uAnn Wright, iKoloneli yoMkhosi wase-US owayedla umhlala-phantsi kunye nonozakuzaku wase-US, safikelela kunxibelelwano lwethu, ukusuka kwiiofisi zeCongress ukuya kunxibelelwano olukwinqanaba eliphezulu kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuya kwabasetyhini abanamandla nabanxibeleleneyo ababeqhankqalaza. kunye nathi ngaphaya kwendawo engenamkhosi (DMZ) ngo-2015.
Kwiiyure ezimbalwa, Mairead Maguire, owawongwa ngewonga loXolo lweNobel evela kuMntla Ireland, kunye Gloria Steinem bathumele ii-imeyile bebongoza unozakuzaku waseMzantsi Korea e-US, u-Ahn Ho-young, ukuba aphinde aqwalasele ukuvalwa kwabo kokuhamba. UGloria wabhala: “Ndandingenakuzixolela ukuba andizange ndenze konke okusemandleni am ukuze uChristine ohlwaywe ngenxa yesenzo sokuthand’ izwe nothando ebesifanele sivuzwe. Bobabini babalaselisa indlela ukuvalwa kokuhamba okuya kundithintela ukuba ndiye kwintlanganiso ebibizwe yimibutho yoxolo yabasetyhini baseSouth Korea ngoJulayi 27, isikhumbuzo sokupheliswa kokudubula okuthe kwaphela, kodwa ayizange iphele ngokusesikweni, iMfazwe yaseKorea.
Ngoku ka kwiNew York Times, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ndingavunyelwa ukuba ndingene ngenxa yokuba “ndinokuwonakalisa izilangazelelo zesizwe nokhuseleko loluntu.” Ukuvalwa kokuhamba kwaqalwa ngo-2015 ngexesha lolawulo lukaPark Geun-hye, umongameli ogwetyiweyo ngoku usentolongweni ngezityholo zorhwaphilizo olukhulu, kubandakanya nokudala uluhlu lwamnyama yababhali be-10,000 kunye namagcisa agxeka imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo kwaye abhalwe "pro-North Korean."
Kwiiyure ezingama-24, emva kwesikhalo esikhulu sikawonke-wonke-kubandakanywa nokusuka kwam abagxeki – ulawulo lweNyanga olusandul’ ukunyulwa lwasisusa isithintelo sokuhamba. Andiyi kukwazi nje ukubuyela eSeoul, apho ndazalelwa khona nalapho uthuthu lwabazali bam lulele kufuphi netempile yamaBhuda kwiintaba ezingqonge iintaba zaseBukhansan, ndiya kukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza nabasetyhini baseMzantsi Korea ukuze bafezekise injongo yethu efanayo: ukuphelisa iMfazwe yaseKorea ngesivumelwano soxolo.
Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwesithintelo kubonise usuku olutsha kwi-Peninsula yaseKorea enedemokhrasi ngakumbi kunye noMzantsi Korea ocacileyo, kodwa kunye nethemba lokwenene lokufikelela kwisivumelwano soxolo noMongameli Moon [Jae-in] emandleni.
Kumenywa ngamxhelo mnye kwiSivumelwano soXolo saseKorea
NgoJulayi 7, eBerlin, eJamani, ngaphambi kweNgqungquthela ye-G20, uMongameli Moon wacela “isivumelwano soxolo esidityaniswe ngawo onke amaqela achaphazelekayo ekupheleni kweMfazwe yaseKorea ukuze kuzinziswe uxolo oluhlala luhleli kulo usingasiqithi.” UMzantsi Korea ngoku ujoyine iNorth Korea kunye neChina ekubizeni isivumelwano soxolo ukulungisa le ngxabano kudala.
Intetho yeNyanga yaseBerlin ilandele ezithendeni zengqungquthela yakhe eWashington, apho iNyanga yayifumene iintsikelelo zikaMongameli uTrump ukuba aqalise incoko yababini baseKorea. "Ndikulungele ukudibana nenkokeli yaseNyakatho Korea uKim Jong-un nangaliphi na ixesha nakweyiphi na indawo," utshilo uMoon, ukuba iimeko bezilungile. Ukumka okubalulekileyo kwabo babengaphambi kwakhe, uMoon wacacisa, "Asifuni ukuba iNorth Korea iwe, kwaye asiyi kufuna naluphi na uhlobo lokumanyana ngokufunxa."
Kwingxelo yeBlue House (elingana nephepha le-White House) ekhutshwe ngoJulayi 19, iNyanga yachaza imisebenzi eyi-100 eceba ukuyifeza ngexesha lakhe elilodwa leminyaka emihlanu. Okuphambili kuluhlu lwakhe kubandakanya ukusayina isivumelwano soxolo ngo-2020 kunye "nedenuclearization epheleleyo" yePeninsula yaseKorea. Kwi-pivot ekubuyiseleni ulongamo olupheleleyo lwase-South Korea, iNyanga ikwabandakanya uthethathethwano lokubuya kwangoko kolawulo lomkhosi wase-United States. Ikwaquke amabhongo ezoqoqosho kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso ezinokuthi ziqhutyelwe phambili ukuba iingxoxo phakathi kweKorea ziyaqhubekeka, ezinjengokwakha ibhanti lamandla kumanxweme omabini ePeninsula yaseKorea eza kudibanisa ilizwe elahluleleneyo, kunye nokubuyisela iimarike phakathi kweKorea.
Ngelixa ezi njongo zinokubonakala zingakholeleki kumhlaba olukhuni phakathi kweeKorea ezimbini, zinokwenzeka, ngakumbi kugxininiso lweNyanga kwidiplomacy, incoko yababini kunye nokuzibandakanya kwabantu, ukusuka kumadiyo osapho ukuya kutshintshiselwano loluntu, ukuya kuncedo loluntu ukuya emkhosini- iintetho zomkhosi. NgoLwesibini, ucebise iingxoxo kunye neNorth Korea kwi-DMZ ukuxoxa ngale miba, nangona uPyongyang engekaphenduli.
Umama kaMongameli Moon wazalelwa emantla ngaphambi kokuba iKorea yahlulwe. Ngoku uhlala eMzantsi Korea kwaye uhlala ahlukene nodadewabo, ohlala eNorth Korea. INyanga ayiyiqondi nje ngokunzulu intlungu kunye nokubandezeleka kweentsapho eziqikelelwayo ze-60,000 eziseleyo ezahlulwe eMzantsi Korea, uyazi kumava akhe njengentloko yabasebenzi kuMongameli uRoh Moo-hyun (2002-2007), umongameli wokugqibela wenkululeko yaseMzantsi Korea, ukuba inkqubela phambili ye-inter-Korea inokuhamba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngaphandle kwesisombululo esisemthethweni seMfazwe yaseKorea phakathi kwe-United States neNorth Korea. Ukuqaphela oku, iNyanga ngoku ijongene nomceli mngeni onzima wokulungisa amaqhina aseKorea athe aqhambuka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kunye nokwakha ibhulorho phakathi kweWashington nePyongyang eye yawa kulawulo lwangaphambili lwase-US.
Abasetyhini: Isitshixo sokuFikelela kwiSivumelwano soXolo
NgoMzantsi Korea, iNorth Korea kunye neTshayina zonke zifuna isivumelwano soxolo, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba abafazi ngoku bakwizikhundla eziphambili zenkonzo yangaphandle kula mazwe. Kwintshukumo eyothusayo, iNyanga yonyula umphathiswa wokuqala obhinqileyo wezangaphandle kwimbali yaseMzantsi Korea: Kang Kyung-hwa, ilungu lezobupolitika elinamava nonomsebenzi ohonjisiweyo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Uchongwe nguNobhala Jikelele we-UN u-Ban Ki-moon, u-Kang usebenze njengosekela-komishinala ophezulu wamalungelo oluntu kunye nomncedisi kanobhala-jikelele wemicimbi yobuntu ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumcebisi ophezulu womgaqo-nkqubo kwintloko entsha ye-UN u-António Guterres.
E-Pyongyang, umxoxisi okhokelayo waseNyakatho Korea kunye namagosa aseMelika kwiingxoxo kunye namagosa angaphambili ase-US nguChoe Son-hui, umlawuli jikelele wemicimbi yaseMntla yaseMelika kwi-North Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. UChoe bekufanele adibane negqiza lamagosa aseMelika asuka kulawulo luka-Obama kunye noBush eNew York ngoMatshi ngaphambi kokuba intlanganiso iqhutywe. U-Choe wakhonza njengomncedisi kunye netoliki yeeNtetho zeSix-Party kunye nezinye iintlanganiso eziphezulu kunye namagosa ase-US, kuquka uhambo luka-Agasti 2009 ukuya ePyongyang nguMongameli uBill Clinton. Ebengumcebisi netoliki yomfi UKim Kye-gwan, umthetheleli oyintloko waseMntla Korea wenyukliya.
Kusenjalo, eTshayina, uFu Ying ungusihlalo [weKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle] yeNkongolo yeSizwe yaBantu. Ukhokele igqiza laseTshayina kwiiNtetho zamaQela amaThathu phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2000 ezathi zavelisa impumelelo yethutyana yozakuzo yokuchitha inkqubo yenyukliya yaseNorth Korea. Kwi isiqwenga samva nje kwiBrookings Institution, uFu uthe, "Ukuvula isitshixo esinomhlwa kumcimbi wenyukliya waseKorea, kufuneka sijonge isitshixo esifanelekileyo." UFu ukholelwa ukuba isitshixo "ukunqunyanyiswa ukunqunyanyiswa" Isindululo esenziwe yi-China, esifuna ukukhenkciswa kwenkqubo yenyukliya yaseNyakatho Korea kunye nenkqubo yomjukujelwa omde ukutshintshiselana nokuyekiswa kwemithambo yase-US-South Korea. Esi siphakamiso, esaziswa okokuqala ngabaseNyakatho Korea ngo-2015, ngoku sixhaswa yiRashiya kwaye ukuba kuqwalaselwa ngokunzulu nguMzantsi Korea.
UKang, uChoe noFu bonke babelana ngendlela efanayo ekunyukeni kwabo emagunyeni - baqala umsebenzi wabo wokutolika isiNgesi kwiintlanganiso zobulungiseleli bamazwe angaphandle ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu. Bonke banabantwana, kwaye balungelelanisa iintsapho zabo kunye nemisebenzi yabo enzima. Ngelixa kungafanelanga ukuba sibe nenkohliso yokuba isivumelwano soxolo siqinisekisiwe ngenxa yokuba aba bafazi bephethe, into yokuba abasetyhini bekwezi zikhundla ziphezulu zobuphathiswa bangaphandle idala ulungelelwaniso lwembali olunqabileyo kunye nethuba.
Into esiyaziyo kumashumi amathathu eminyaka yamava kukuba isivumelwano soxolo sinokwenzeka ngakumbi ngokubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kwamaqela oxolo lwabasetyhini kwinkqubo yokwakha uxolo. Ngokuka a isifundo esikhulu egubungela iminyaka engama-30 yeenkqubo zoxolo ezingama-40 kumazwe angama-35, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano kuzo zonke ngaphandle kwemeko enye xa amaqela amabhinqa aphembelela ngokungqalileyo inkqubo yoxolo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo kukwakhokelele kumazinga aphezulu okuphunyezwa kunye nokuqina kwezivumelwano. Ukususela kwi-1989-2011, kwi-182 izivumelwano zoxolo ezisayiniweyo, isivumelwano sasinama-35 ekhulwini amathuba okuba ihlale iminyaka eyi-15 ukuba abafazi bathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwaso.
Ukuba bekukhe kwakho ixesha apho amaqela oxolo abasetyhini kufuneka asebenze ukunqumla imida, ngoku, xa imiqobo emininzi - ulwimi, inkcubeko kunye neengcinga - yenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukungaqondani kuphumelele, kunye nokubala okuyingozi ukuba kwenzeke, kuvula indlela oorhulumente ukubhengeza imfazwe. Kwintlanganiso yethu ye-27 kaJulayi eSeoul, sinethemba lokuqalisa ukucacisa inkqubo yoxolo yengingqi okanye inkqubo apho amaqela oxolo abasetyhini avela eMzantsi Korea, eNyakatho Korea, eChina, eJapan, eRussia naseUnited States anokuthi afake isandla kwinkqubo yokwakha uxolo esemthethweni. .
Inkxaso eBanzi yoXolo
Ngokucacileyo, isiqwenga esilahlekileyo kule phazili yi-United States, apho uTrump wayezirhangqe ngamadoda amhlophe kuphela, uninzi ingabaphathi bemikhosi, ngaphandle kukaNikki Haley, unozakuzaku wase-US kwi-UN, ingxelo yakhe eNyakatho Korea - ngokunjalo. phantse onke amanye amazwe - abuyisele umva iinzame zezozakuzo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngelixa ulawulo lukaTrump lusenokungabizi mvumelwano yoxolo, isangqa esikhulayo sabantu abaphezulu bafuna ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezithe ngqo kunye nePyongyang ukumisa inkqubo yomjukujelwa weNorth Korea ngaphambi kokuba ibethe ilizwe lase-US. A ileta ye-bipartisan kuTrump esayinwe ngamagosa amathandathu awayesakuba ngamagosa karhulumente wase-US athathe iminyaka engama-30 ebongoza, “Ukuthetha ayingomvuzo okanye ayingomnyinyiva kwiPyongyang kwaye akufuneki kuthatyathwe njengophawu lokwamkela iNorth Korea enezixhobo zenyukliya. Linyathelo eliyimfuneko ekusekeni unxibelelwano ukuze kuphetshwe intlekele yenyukliya.” Ngaphandle kokuchaza inkxaso kwikhwelo laseTshayina “lokunqunyanyiswa kokumiswa,” ileta yalumkisa ngelithi ngaphandle kohlwayo kunye nokwahlukaniswa, iNorth Korea ihambela phambili kubuchwephesha bayo bemijukujelwa kunye nenyukliya. "Ngaphandle kweenzame zezozakuzo zokumisa inkqubela phambili, akukho mathandabuzo okuba iya kuphuhlisa umjukujelwa omde okwaziyo ukuthwala imfazwe yenyukliya iye eUnited States."
Oku kwakha kwileta eya kuTrump esayinwe ngoJuni ngama-64 e-Congressional Democrats ekhuthaza iintetho ezithe ngqo kunye noMntla Korea ukunqanda "ingxabano engalindelekanga." Le leta yayikhokelwa nguJohn Conyers, omnye wamalungu amabini aseleyo awayesebenza kwiMfazwe yaseKorea. “Njengomntu obukele olu ngquzulwano luqhubeka okoko ndathunyelwa eKorea njengoLieutenant woMkhosi oselula,” utshilo uConyers, “linyathelo lokungakhathali, elingenamava lokoyikisa umkhosi onokuthi uphele ngomonakalo endaweni yokusukela idiplomacy.
Olu tshintsho lukhulu eWashington lubonisa ukuvumelana okukhulayo phakathi koluntu: Abantu baseMelika bafuna uxolo neNorth Korea. Ngokutsho kukaMeyi I-Economist/YouGov poll, Ipesenti ze-60 zabantu baseMerika, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinxalenye yezopolitiko, baxhasa iingxoxo ezithe ngqo phakathi kweWashington nePyongyang. Ngomhla wengqungquthela yeNyanga-uTrump, phantse ishumi elinesibini lemibutho yoluntu yelizwe, kubandakanya Win Ngaphandle kweMfazwe kunye neCREDO [Action], yazisa isikhalazo ukuya eNyangeni esayinwe ngabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwe-150,000 enika inkxaso eyomeleleyo yokuzinikela kwakhe kwidiplomacy noMntla Korea.
Urhulumente wase-US wahlula-hlula i-Korean Peninsula (kunye ne-Soviet Union yangaphambili) kwaye watyikitya isivumelwano se-armistice ethembisa ukubuya kwiingxoxo kwiintsuku ze-90 ukuze baxoxisane ngoxolo olusisigxina. Urhulumente wase-US unoxanduva lokuziphatha kunye nomthetho lokuphelisa iMfazwe yaseKorea ngesivumelwano soxolo.
NgeNyanga isemandleni eMzantsi Korea kunye nabasetyhini be-pro-diplomacy kwizikhundla eziphambili zobulungiseleli bangaphandle kummandla, ithemba lokufikelela kwisivumelwano soxolo. Ngoku, iintshukumo zoxolo zase-US kufuneka zityhalele isiphelo kumgaqo-nkqubo ongaphumelelanga wolawulo luka-Obama womonde woBuchule - kwaye uhlehlise umva ngokuchasene nezoyikiso zolawulo lukaTrump lokunyuka komkhosi.
Phambi kwengqungquthela yakhe yeSenethi kwi-White House, ngaphezulu kwe-200 yeenkokeli zabasetyhini abavela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40 - kubandakanya uMntla kunye noMzantsi Korea - ukhuthaze uTrump ukuba asayine isivumelwano soxolo esiya kukhokelela kukhuseleko olukhulu kwi-Peninsula yaseKorea kunye nommandla waseMntla-mpuma we-Asia kwaye ayeke. ukwanda kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
As ileta yethu ithi, “Uxolo sesona sithintelo sinamandla kuzo zonke.”
