Imfazwe eNtsha, iMfazwe engunaphakade, kunye a World Beyond War

Nge-3 ka-Okthobha i-2014-Ingxelo malunga nengxaki yangoku kunye nehlala ihleli, yikomiti yokulungelelanisa yeWorldBeyondWar.org

Le nkcazo njenge PDF.

ISISHWANKATHELO

Oku kulandelayo kuvavanyo lwengxaki ye-ISIS yangoku. Isiteyitimenti sivavanya: (1) imeko yezentlalo yobundlobongela obonakalisayo eSyria naseIraq - siphi; (2) ezinye iindlela ezingenabundlobongela - ku funeka kwenziwe ntoni; kunye (3) namathuba okuba uluntu lwaseburhulumenteni luthethelele kwaye lunyanzelise ezinye iindlela - indlela esinokuyenza ngayo. Ezinye iindlela kunye neendlela ekufezekiseni ezo zinto azikhethi nje kuphela ngombono wobuntu, kodwa zibonakaliswe ukuba ziphumelele.

Ukunqunyulwa kwemizobo kunye namanye amabali ayinyani ezoyikisayo ezenziwe lutshaba olutsha-i-ISIS-kukhokelele kwinkxaso eyandayo yokubandakanyeka kwe-US. Kodwa umlo kwi-ISIS uza kwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo, kulandela, njengoko kusenzeka, ipatheni yesenzo sokungasebenzi. Ngendlela ekuthiwa yimfazwe yehlabathi yobunqolobi, ubunqolobi buye benyuka.

Ezinye iindlela zokungabikho kwempi ukulwa nemfazwe zininzi, ziphethe kakuhle, kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye kodwa akuzona zonke: uxolo ngezenzo zangaphambili; iimbambano zengalo; Isicwangciso seMarshall sokubuyisela eMiddle East; idibano yolwazi; iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo zokusombulula ingxabano kwindlobongela; ukujongana neengxaki ezikhawulezileyo ngokungenelela kwabantu; ukuqondisa amandla ethu ekhaya; ukuxhasa uxolo lolwazi; esebenza ngeZizwe eziManyeneyo; kwaye u-ugunyazisile imfazwe yokhuselo.

Akukho sisombululo ngokwaso siya kuzisa uxolo kulo mmandla. Zininzi izisombululo kunye kunye nokwenza i-web eqinile yokwakha ukhuseleko oluphakamileyo kwimpi eqhubekayo. Asikwazi ukulindela ukwenza konke oku ngasentla kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ngokusebenza ukufikelela kwezo ziphelo sinokuphumeza iziphumo ezintle ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka.

Sidinga ukufundiswa, ukunxibelelana kunye nemfundo yazo zonke iintlobo. Abantu bafanele bazi izizathu ezaneleyo zokunika imeko yazo. Sifuna imiboniso, iireglidi, i-ins-ins, iiforamu zedolophu, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nemveliso yeendaba. Kwaye ukuba senza oku kuyingxenye yokuphelisa lonke iziko lemfazwe, kunokuba nje imfazwe ethile, sinokuthi sisondele ngakumbi ekubeni singagcinanga ukulwa nemfazwe emitsha ngexesha lonke.

SIPHI

Umbono woluntu kwiimfazwe e-United States ulandelelana iphethini, Ukunyuka-ngamanye amaxesha ukuya ngaphezulu kwesininzi- ekuxhaseni emfazweni xa intsha, emva koko kutshona kwangaphambili. Ngexesha elininzi lemfazwe yase-2003-2011 yase-Iraq e-Iraq, uninzi e-US luthe imfazwe akufuneki iqalwe. Ngo-2013, uluvo loluntu kwaye uxinzelelo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukuqaliswa kwemfazwe entsha yase-US eSiriya. NgoFebhuwari 2014, iNational Senate yaseMelika yalahla umthetho owawuya kutshintsha iUnited States ekulweni nemfazwe ne-Iran. NgoJulayi 25, i-2014, kunye noluntu lwase-US chasene iMfazwe entsha yase-Iraq e-Iraq, iNdlu yabameli kudlula isisombululo esasinokufuna ukuba uMongameli afumane ugunyaziso ngaphambi kokuba aqalise imfazwe (njengoko uMgaqo-siseko sele ufuna njalo) ukuba iNdlu yeeNgwevu iphumelele isigqibo. Ngelo xesha lide leenyanga ezimbalwa zibuyele emva, besisakwazi ukuthetha malunga "nemo yokulwa," nokuqhwabel 'izandla iqela loxolo lamaKatolika uPax Christi ngesigqibo sayo esingokwembali ngafuni Inkolelo "yemfazwe nje", ukubhiyozela imeko yase-Connecticut yokwenza ikhomishini yotshintsho kumashishini anoxolo, ukukhomba eluntwini inkxaso ukurhafisa izityebi kunye nokusika imikhosi njengezona zimbini zisombululo esiphambili xa urhulumente wase-United States kunye neendaba zixubusha iingxaki zeengxaki, kwaye zicinga ukuba kuza kusasa i-future militari.

Kodwa inkxaso yoqhankqalazo lwedrone yase-US yahlala iphakeme kakhulu, inkcaso kwimfazwe yakwa-Israyeli eGaza ngezixhobo zase-US zahlala zibuthathaka (nakwiCongress nakwi-White House phantse azikho), i-CIA ukumbamba Abavukeli baseSiriya bahlukunyezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kubantu base-United States, kwaye i-missile ecetywayo ehlasela eSiriya yayingasetyenziswanga nayiphi na inzame enkulu yokwenza iimbambano zamatye, ukuthethisana nokupheliswa komlilo, ukubonelela ngoncedo olungundoqo, okanye ngokuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wezempi. ne-ajenda yezoqoqosho eyayibekelwe kuphela. Ukongezelela koko, ukuchaswa koluntu kwimfazwe kwakunobuthathaka kunye nokungazi kakuhle. Abaninzi baseMerika babengenayo ingcamango echanileyo ukutshatyalaliswa Urhulumente wabo ubangele e-Iraq, akakwazi ukubiza izizwe urhulumente wabo wayebetha ngeedrones, akazange afunde ubungqina bokuba urhulumente wabo wayexokile ngezixhobo zamachiza hlaselwa eSiriya kunye izinsongelo kubahlali baseLibya, khange bahoye kakhulu ukuphathwa gadalala kwamalungelo oluntu okanye ukuxhasa ubugrogrisi ngookumkani abangoozwilakhe abaxhaswe ngoozwilakhe, kwaye bekudala beqeqeshelwe ukukholelwa ukuba ubundlobongela buvela ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwabaphambukeli kwaye banokuphiliswa ngakumbi ubundlobongela.

Inkxaso yemfazwe entsha iqhutywe yimifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye namanye amazwi okwenene okuyikrakra eyenziwa ngutshaba olutsha: ISIS.[1] Olu xhasayo lunokuba luhlala ixesha elifutshane njengenkxaso yezinye iimfazwe kuye kwaba, ukuvimbela into emangalisayo yokukhuthaza. Yaye le nkxaso iye yagqithiswa. I-Pollsters ibuza ukuba into ethile kufuneka yenziwe kwaye yinto elula amabhere ukuba into enobudlova. Okanye bayabuza ukuba lo Udidi lobundlobongela kufuneka luqeshwe okanye ukuba uhlobo lobundlobongela, angalokothi unikeze nayiphi na indlela engeyiyo. Ngoko ke, eminye imibuzo unokuvelisa ezinye iimpendulo kwangoku; ixesha liyakwazi ukutshintsha iimpendulo zokuphucula; kwaye imfundo iya kukhawuleza ukuba utshintsho.

Ukuchaswa kwezinto ezoyikisayo ze-ISIS kunengqiqo, kodwa inkcaso kwi-ISIS njengesishukumiso semfazwe ayinaso imeko ngandlela zonke. Abadibaniselwano baseMelika kuloo mmandla, kubandakanya urhulumente waseIraq kunye nabo babizwa ngokuba ngabavukeli baseSyria, banqwala abantu, njengemikhosi yase-US. Kwaye i-ISIS ayilolutshaba lutsha emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kubandakanya ne-Iraqis eyaphoswa emsebenzini yi-US yokuchitha umkhosi wase-Iraq, kwaye i-Iraqis yahlukunyezwa iminyaka kwinkampu zase-US. I-United States kunye namaqabane ayo amancinci atshabalalise i-Iraq, eshiya ngasemva ulwahlulo lwamahlelo, intlupheko, ukuphelelwa yithemba, kunye negunya elingekho mthethweni eBaghdad elingazange limele iSunis okanye amanye amaqela. Emva koko i-US zixhobile kwaye baqeqeshwa i-ISIS kunye namaqela adibaniseneyo eSiriya, ngelixa beqhubeka nokukhuthaza uhulumeni waseBaghdad, ukubonelela ngeemfomfele zeHerfire zokuhlasela iIraq e Fallujah nakwezinye iindawo. Kwaye nabachasene ne-Saddam Hussein urhulumente (owamiselwa ngamandla yi-United States) athi akukho nto yayingenayo i-ISIS ukuba i-United States ayizange ihlasele i-Iraq.

Imeko eyongezelelweyo ibonelelwa yindlela apho i-US yathimba i-Iraq okwexeshana kwaphela ngo-2011. UMongameli u-Obama wayirhoxisa imikhosi yase-US e-Iraq xa wayengakwazi ukufumana urhulumente wase-Iraq ukuba abanike ithuba lokuzikhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho abanokuthi balwenze. Ngoku ufumene okomkhosi kwaye wathumela imikhosi kwakhona.

I-ISIS inabalandeli bezenkolo kodwa kunye nabaxhasi abanamathuba abayibonayo njengamandla aphikisana nomthetho ongafunekiyo ovela eBaghdad kwaye ngubani na oqhubeka eyibona ichasa iUnited States. Injalo indlela ISIS efuna ukubonwa ngayo. Iimfazwe zase-US zenze i-United States yazondwa kakhulu kuloo ndawo yehlabathi, ukuba i-ISIS ivule elikhuthaza uhlaselo lwase-US kwifilimu eyure, yabacaphukisa ngeevidiyo zokunqunyulwa, kwaye ibonile inzuzo enkulu yokuqesha ekubeni i-US yaqala ukuhlasela.[2]

ISIS inayo Zixhobo ze-US unikezwe ngqo kuyo eSiriya kwaye ithathwe kuwo, kwaye ni kezelwa rhu lumente. Ekugqibeleni kubalwa nguRhulumente wase-US, i-79% yezixhobo ezihanjiswe kuorhulumente waseMpuma Mpuma zivela eUnited States, ingabalwa nokudluliselwa kumaqela afana ne-ISIS, kwaye ingabalali izixhobo e-United States.

Ke, into yokuqala yokwenza ngokwahlukileyo ukuya phambili: yeka ukuqhushumisa izizwe zibe ngamanxuwa, kwaye uyeke ukuthumela izixhobo kwindawo oshiye kuyo isiphithiphithi. I-Libya yenye yezinye zeentlekele ezabangelwa ziimfazwe zase-US ngasemva - imfazwe apho izixhobo zase-US zazisetyenziswa kumacala omabini, kunye nemfazwe eyasungulwa ngesizathu sebango elibhalwe ukuba liyinyani ukuba uGadaffi wayesongela ukubulala abahlali.

Ke, nantsi into elandelayo ukuba uyenze: ungathembi kakhulu amabango oluntu. Ibhombu yase-US ejikeleze i-Erbil ukukhusela i-Kurdish ne-US umdla we-oyile ekuqaleni yayifanelekile njengebhombu yokukhusela abantu entabeni. Kodwa uninzi lwabo bantu basentabeni bebengadingi kuhlangulwa, kwaye eso sizathu sibekelwe bucala, kanye njengo-Benghazi.

Imfazwe kwi-ISIS ayisiyonto imbi kuba ukubandezeleka kwamaxhoba e-ISIS ayisiyongxaki yethu. Ewe yingxaki yethu. Singabantu abakhathalelanayo. Imfazwe kwi-ISIS ngumbono ombi kuba ayisiyiyo kuphela e nciphisa, kodwa iya kwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu. Ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yehlabathi yonxweme, ukwesabisa kuye kwanda.[3] Oku kwaxelwa kwangaphambili kwaye kwaxelwa kwangaphambili. Iimfazwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamabanjwa ngexesha labo, kwaba zizixhobo eziphambili zokugaya ubunqolobi obuchasene ne-US. Ngo-2006, ii-arhente zobuntlola zase-US zavelisa uqikelelo lobuntlola lwesizwe olwafikelela kweso sigqibo. Ukubetha kuka-Drone kunyuse ubugrogrisi kunye ne-anti-Americanism kwiindawo ezinjengeYemen. Uhlaselo olutsha lwe-US kwi-ISIS sele lubulele abantu abaninzi. "Kuwo wonke umntu omsulwa obulalayo, udala iintshaba ezili-10," ngokuka-Jikelele uStanley McChrystal. I-White House inayo umemezele ukuba imigangatho eqinile yokuphepha amaninzi amaninzi okufa kwabantu akusebenzi kwimfazwe yayo yakutshanje.

I-ISIS ilwa norhulumente wase-Syria, kwakulo rhulumente u-Mongameli u-Obama wayefuna ukuqhushumbisa kunyaka ophelileyo. I-United States ixhobisa ngokusondeleyo i-ISIS eSyria, ngelixa ibhombu ye-ISIS kunye namanye amaqela (kunye nabantu) eSyria. Kodwa iSebe laseMelika laseMelika alikatshintshi imeko yalo kurhulumente waseSyria. Kuyenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-United States ihlasele omabini amacala emfazwe yase-Syria. Nokuba inyani yokuba sele uhlasele elinye icala ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye icala elinye oluxhobileyo kufanelekile ukuba lenze ukuba nabani na abuze ukuba ingaba inqaku lelona libalulekileyo lokuqhushumisa umntu. Ukuqhushumisa abantu yenye yeendlela ezaziwa kakhulu apho urhulumente wase-US aqinisekisa ngayo amajelo eendaba e-US ukuba "wenza into".

Kukudiliza umthetho, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ngaphandle kogunyaziso lweCongressional, uMongameli u-Obama wophula uMgaqo-siseko wase-US, kunye nenkolelo yakhe yangaphambi kokuzibiza. "UMongameli akanawo amandla phantsi komGaqo-siseko ukugunyaza ngokungathandekiyo ukuba uhlaselo lomkhosi kwimeko engabandakanyi ukumisa isoyikiso sokwenene okanye esisondeleyo kwisizwe," utshilo uSenator uBarack Obama ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngokugunyazwa kweC congressional, le mfazwe iya kusaphula i-Charter ye-UN kunye ne-Kellogg-Briand Pact, eyona myalelo mkhulu welizwe phantsi kweSiqendu VI somgaqo-siseko wase-US.[4] IPalamente yase-Bhritane ivotele ukwamkelwa koncedo ekuhlaseleni i-Iraq, kodwa hayi iSyria-eyokugqibela icacile ukuba ayikho mthethweni.

INdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNtsundu iyanqwenela ukuqikelela ubude okanye indleko yale mpi. Kukho izizathu zokucinga ukuba iimeko kwihlabathi ziya kuba nzima. Ngoko uxinzelelo loluntwini, alukho uhlobo loloyisa, luya kuphelisa imfazwe. Enyanisweni, ukunqoba kwezempi kuphantse kuvezwe ngeli xesha. I-RAND corporation yafunda ukuba amaqela amaphekula aphela njani, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba i-83% iphelile ngezopolitiko okanye ngamapolisa, yi-7% kuphela emfazweni. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto uMongameli u-Obama eqhubeka esithi, ngokuchanekileyo, "Akukho sisombululo somkhosi," ngelixa esenza isisombululo somkhosi.

Ngoko ke kufuneka yenziwe ntoni kwaye sinokuyenza njani ukuba kwenzeke?

YINTONI YOKUBA YENZIWA

Yenza indlela entsha kwihlabathi: Ukuxolisa ngokuxhatshaza inkokeli ye-ISIS kwi entolongweni kunye nakwezinye iimbanjwa ezihlaselwa phantsi kwe-US. Ukuxolisa ngokubhubhisa isizwe sase-Iraq kunye nentsapho nganye. Ukuxolisa ngenxa yokulwa neengingqi kunye nookumkani kunye nabalawuli bezolawulo, ngenxa yenkxaso eyadlulileyo kurhulumente waseSiriya, kunye nendima yase-US kwimfazwe yaseSiriya.[5] Yeka ukuxhasa oorhulumente abaxhaphazayo e-Iraq, i-Israel, iYiputa, iJordan, i-Bahrain, i-Saudi Arabia, njl.

Phishekela intsimbi[6]: Memezela ukuzibophezela kokungaboni izixhobo kwi-Iraq okanye kwi-Syria okanye i-Israel okanye iJordan okanye i-Yiputa okanye i-Bahrain okanye nayiphi na isizwe okanye i-ISIS okanye nayiphi na iqela, kwaye uqale ukuhoxisa amabutho ase-US kwimimandla yolwandle nakwamanye amazwe, kuquka ne-Afghanistan. (U-Coast Guard wase-US ePersian Gulf uye walubala ngokucacileyo apho ummandla wase-US ukhona!) Cima i-79% yezixhobo ezigeleza ukuya eMiddle East ezivela eUnited States. Nxusa iRashiya, i-China, iintlanga zaseYurophu kunye nabanye ukuba bayeke ukuthumela iinqwelo eMiddle East. Vula iingxoxo zesikhululo samandla enyukliya, i-biological, kunye neekhemikhali, ngaphandle kokubandakanya ukupheliswa kwezi zixhobo nguSirayeli.

Yenza iSicwangciso seMarshall sokubuyiselwa kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma. Hambisa uncedo (hayi "uncedo lomkhosi" kodwa olona ncedo, ukutya, amayeza) kuzo zonke izizwe zase-Iraq nase-Syria kunye nabamelwane bazo. Oku kunokuvelisa uvelwano kubemi abaxhasa abagrogrisi. Oku kunokwenziwa kwinqanaba elikhulu ngeendleko ezingaphantsi kokuqhubeka nokudubula i-2 yezigidi zemijukujelwa kwingxaki. Bhengeza ukuzibophelela kutyalo-mali kakhulu kwilanga, kumoya, nakwamanye amandla aluhlaza kunye nokubonelela okufanayo koorhulumente abamele inkululeko. Qalisa ukubonelela i-Iran ngumoya wasimahla kunye neetekhnoloji zelanga - ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, ewe, kunokuba kubiza i-US kunye ne-Israel ukuba yoyikise i-Iran ngaphezulu ayikho inkqubo yezixhobo zenukliya. Ukuphelisa izigwebo zezoqoqosho.

Nika udibaniso lwangempela ithuba: Thumela izidibanisa eBaghdad naseDamasko ukuba zixoxisane ngoncedo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa okukhulu. Vula iingxoxo ezibandakanya i-Iran neRashiya. Sebenzisa iindlela ezibonelelwe ngeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Iingxaki zezopolitiko kummandla zifuna izicwangciso zezopolitiko. Ukusebenzisa uxolo kuthetha ukulandelelana noorhulumente abamele ukuhlonela amalungelo abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimiphumo yeenkampani zeoli ze-US okanye nayiphi na inzuzo. Ukubonelela ukuveliswa kwee-commissions zenyaniso kunye nokuxolelana. Vumela ukuba iinzame zentsebenziswano yokuzibandakanya kwabemi.

Faka isicelo sokuphendula isombululo esifanelekileyo kwisigqeba ngokudala isakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo otyunjiweyo. (1) Ukuthintela ngokunciphisa ukonakala kobugrogasi; (2) ukukholisa ngokunciphisa ukukhuthazwa kunye nokuqashwa; (3) ukukhanyela ngokunciphisa ubuncipheko kunye nokulwa nobunzima; (4) ukulungelelanisa ngokunyusa imizamo yamazwe ngamazwe.[7]

Ukuthungula ubundlobongela kwiingcambu. Ku boniswe ukuba i-force-based nonviolent force inokuvelisa utshintsho olusisigxina kwimimandla, ngoko ke ukunciphisa imfuno yobugandlo njengendlela yoomzabalazo, nokuba iqhube umda phakathi kwamajoni kunye nabaxhasi babo.[8] Sidinga Nxaxheba ngokuqhagamshelana neqhinga, ukubonisana kunye nencoko yencoko kunokuba ibutho lempi. Iinkqubo zokwakha uxolo oluzinzileyo zifuna ukubandakanyeka kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zeenkcubeko ezichaphazelekayo. Ukomeleza uluntu kuluntu lwengxabano luya kunciphisa isiseko senkxaso kumaqela amaphekula.[9] Ukuphendula ngobundlobongela obuninzi kukuncinci okufunayo. Ingxoxo-ntetho ebandakanya yonke imibono inceda ekuqondeni imithombo yobundlobongela; Ukujongana nezicwangciso ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokudala izimo zoxolo oluzinzileyo ziya kuqhuba umda phakathi kwamajoni kunye nabaxhasi babo.[10]

Jongana neengxaki ezisemgangathweni ngoncedo olomeleleyo kodwa olunenkathalo: Thumela intatheli, abasebenzi bezoncedo, abasebenzi bezoxolo, izikhuselo zabantu, kunye neengxoxo kwiingingqi ezinzima, ukuqonda ukuba oku kuthetha ukubeka ubomi engozini, kodwa ubomi obuncinane kunokuba kubekho ingozi emilonyeni.[11] Ukuxhobisa abantu ngoncedo lwezolimo, imfundo, ikhamera, kunye nokufikelela kwe-intanethi.

Ukuqondisa kwakhona amandla ethu ekhaya: Qalisa umkhankaso wezonxibelelwano e-United States ukubuyisela iiprogram zokuqashwa kwamagosa, ugxile ekwakheni uvelwano kunye nomnqweno wokukhonza njengabasebenzi abancedisayo, ukukholisa oogqirha kunye neenjiniya ukuba bazinikele ithuba lokuya kwiindawo ezinzima . Ngexesha elifanayo, yenza utshintsho lwezoqoqosho kwimveliso yamashishini e-United States iprojekthi ephambili yoluntu ebaluleke kakhulu.

inkxaso uxolo lolwazi: "Ubuntatheli boxolo kuxa abahleli kunye neentatheli besenza ukhetho- malunga nento abayixelayo, nendlela yokuyixela-leyo edala amathuba eluntwini ngokubanzi ukuba acinge kwaye axabise iimpendulo ezingenabundlobongela kungqubano."

Yeka ukuya kwesigxina: Sebenza ngeZizwe eziManyeneyo kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla. Ukuhambelana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngokukodwa i-Charter ye-UN kunye neKellogg-Briand Pact. Bhalisa iUnited States kwiNkundla yezoPhulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe kwaye ngokuzithandela uphakamise ukutshutshiswa kwamagosa angaphezulu ase-US kule nkqubo kunye nemigqaliselo yezobugebengu.

Ukugunyaza imfazwe yokhuselo (Ugunyaziso Ukusetyenziswa kweMpi Yezempi) "njengesigunyaziso semfazwe naphakade" - I-AUMF inokucela umngeni ngokuthatha amanyathelo athile kodwa abalulekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphinda ungene kwakhona kwinkqubo yemfazwe yedrone kunye nokonyusa uxanduva kurhulumente. La manyathelo anenkxaso ebanzi phakathi kwamalungelo oluntu kunye namaqela amalungelo ezomthetho.

INDLELA ESINOKWENZA NGAYO

Asinakulindela ukuba konke oku kungentla kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa sinako ukuya kwelo cala ngokukhawuleza. Urhulumente uza kuza kude ahlangane nathi ngokoluvo lwethu olunamandla ngakumbi. Ke, ukumisela isikhundla samalungu eCongress kunye nokuwacela loo nto okanye ukubangcono kancinci akunakulindeleka ukuba kuvelise iziphumo ezingcono kwaye kungavelisa ezimbi kakhulu-zombini kwixesha elifutshane nelide. Ulungelelwaniso luhlala lwenziwa phakathi kwamacala amabini engxoxo, ke kubalulekile apho icala loxolo limiselwe khona. Kwaye ukuba sifuna imfazwe emiselweyo, siyalisusa ithuba lokwazisa nabani na malunga nezibonelelo zokuphepha ngokupheleleyo imfazwe. Ke, abantu baya kusilela olo lwazi xa elandelayo Kucetyiswa imfazwe. Asinakulindela ukuba siququzelele inani elikhulu labantu ukuba baqhankqalaze, baqhankqalaze okanye balwele "umlo ongadlulanga kwiinyanga ezili-12." Ayina mbongo kunye nokuziphatha "akukho mfazwe."

Nje ukuba imfazwe iqhubeke kwaye ingxoxo-mpikiswano yenziwe malunga neenyanga ezingaphi ekufuneka iqhubekile, kwaye inyani emhlabeni iya isiba mandundu ngokuqikelela, kwaye "ukuxhasa imikhosi" ipropaganda inyanzelisa ukuba imfazwe iqhubeke ngenxa yokuba kufanelekile imikhosi ebulala, isifa, kwaye iyazibulala kuyo, ingxaki yendlela yokuphelisa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu kunokuba isikhundla esithandwayo esithi "Akukho Mfazwe, ukungabikho kobundlobongela endaweni yoko" sicacisiwe kwaye sikhuselwe.

Ibango liza kuviwa "kungabikho mkhosi womhlaba." Oku akufuneki ukuba kugxilwe kumbutho woxolo. Okokuqala, sele kukho amajoni omhlaba ayi-1,600 ase-Iraq. Babizwa ngokuba "ngabacebisi" njengama-26 abantu baseKhanada abasandula ukubajoyina. Kodwa akukho mntu ukholelwa ukuba abantu abayi-1,626 banika iingcebiso. Eminye imikhosi engama-2,300 XNUMX iya kuthunyelwa njengombutho we-Middle East Marine Corps. Ngokubanga ukuba “Akukho Grops Troops” ngelixa samkela ubuxoki bokuba abekho ngoku, sinokunika isitampu sethu sokuvuma nakweyiphi na imikhosi yomhlaba ebhalwe enye into. Ukongeza, imfazwe elawulwa yimingxunya yomoya inokubulala abantu abaninzi, hayi abantu abambalwa, kunemfazwe yomhlaba. Eli lithuba lokwazisa abamelwane bethu abanokuthi bangazi ukuba ezi mfazwe zibulala ngakwicala elinye ukubulala ikakhulu abantu abahlala apho kulwelwa khona, kwaye babulala abaninzi abantu. Nje ukuba siyamkele loo nyaniso, singaqhubeka njani ngesikhalo esithi "Akukho mikhosi yasemhlabeni" kunokuba ithi "Akukho mfazwe"?

Sidinga ukufundiswa, ukunxibelelana kunye nemfundo yazo zonke iintlobo. Abantu bafanele bazi ukuba ixhoba likaJames Foley lichasene nemfazwe. Abantu bafanele bazi ukuba i-ISIS inika iWorld W. Bush ingxowa-mboleko kwifilimu yabo ngokuchanekileyo ngemfuno yemfazwe kwaye iqhubezela ukufudumala okukhulu kwi-United States. Abantu bafanele baqonde ukuba i-ISIS ikhuthaza ukufela ukholo njengenjongo ephezulu, kwaye i-ISIS ibomeleza.

Sifuna imiboniso, iireglidi, i-ins-ins, iiforamu zedolophu, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nemveliso yeendaba.

Umyalezo wethu esiya kuwo ngabantu: yiba nenxaxheba kwizinto esizenzayo; Uyakumangaliswa yindlela enokuthi iguqulwe ngayo le nto. Kwaye ukuba siyenza le yinxalenye yokuphelisa lonke iziko lemfazwe, kunokuba ibe yimfazwe ethile, singasondela ekubeni singagcini siphikisana neemfazwe ezintsha ngalo lonke ixesha.

Umyalezo wethu kumalungu eCongress: Uxinzelelo lukaSomlomo uBoehner kunye neSenator Reid ukuba babuyele emsebenzini kwaye bavote ukumisa le mfazwe, okanye singalindeli ukuba iivoti zethu zikugcinele i-ofisi kwelinye ixesha.

Umyalezo wethu kuMongameli nguwe: ngoku kuya kuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphelisa ingqondo engena kwiimfazwe, njengoko uthe uthe ufuna ukwenza. Ngaba ngokwenene oko ufuna ukukhunjulwa?

Umyalezo wethu kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ngu: urhulumente wase-United States uphulaphula ngokucacileyo i-Charter ye-UN. Umele ubambe i-United States iphendule.

Umyalezo wethu kuwo onke amaqela nguwe: imfazwe ayikho imbeko kwaye akukho nzuzo, ngoku okanye naphakade. Yi kakubi, usenza khu seleke, esongela yethu indawo, ihlutha inkululeko, ihlwempu kuthi, kwaye ithatha $ 2 zezigidi unyaka ukusuka apho ungenza umhlaba olungileyo.

World Beyond War ineofisi yezithethi ezinokuthi zijongane nezihloko. Bafumane apha: https://legacy.worldbeyondwar.org/speakers

[1] Ubugwenxa obwenziwe yi-ISIS bagwetywa ngokufanelekileyo. Ubungozi be-ISIS poses bubhekwa njengokunyanyiswa.

[2] Ngokutsho I-Syrian Observatory Yamalungelo Abantu

[3] Ngokutsho Inkcazo Yezobugqirha Yomhlaba nge Isiko soQoqosho kunye noxolo, inani leziganeko zobugandagha liye landa malunga nonyaka ukususela kwi-9 / 11.

[4] I-Kellogg-Briand Pact sisivumelwano samazwe aphesheya ngo-1928 apho amazwe atyikityayo athembisa ukungasebenzisi mfazwe ukusombulula "iingxabano okanye ungquzulwano lwalo naluphi na uhlobo okanye nayiphi na imvelaphi, enokuthi ivele phakathi kwabo." Ukuphonononga okunzulu jonga uDavid Swanson's Xa iMfazwe yeHlabathi iHlabathiwe (2011).

[5] Ukuxolisa kwezombusazwe kuthathwa njengengxenye yenkqubo yokwakha uxolo oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokubambisana nezinye iindlela zokuguqulwa kwemibango. Bona isishwankathelo se-Apologia Politica: Amazwe kunye nokuxolisa kwabo.

[6] Ngokomzekelo, uNobhala Jikelele we-UN uBhan Ki Moon, wancenga iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba libeke i-Aram yeArms.

[7] Isakhelo sichazwe ngokucacileyo ngabaguquli beenguqu zengqukuva uRamsbotham, Woodhouse kunye neMall Ulungelelaniso lweNkqubela yeNkcazo (2011)

[8] Kucaciswe ngokucacileyo yi-Hardy Merriman kunye noJack DuVall, iingcali ezivela kuyo Iziko Lamazwe ngamazwe kwiNgxabano engeyiyo.

[9] Jonga umzekelo: Yokhuseleko lwaseSiriya

[10] Njengoko kuxoxwa ngoxolo kunye neengxabano zeengxabano uJohn Paul Lederach Ukujongana nobutsha: inkolelo yendlela yokuguquka (2011) kunye noDavid Cortright Gandhi kunye neNgaphandle. Ukungabi nonyango kwixesha elitsha lezopolitiko (2009)

[11] The I-Peaceforce force i vunyelwe irekhodi eliyimpumelelo lokugcinwa koxolo koluntu olungakhuselekanga ukukhusela, ukunciphisa nokuyeka ugonyamelo