Inkolelo: Imfazwe iyadingeka (inkcukacha)

Naluphina imfazwe eyenzekayo, kwaye nangona abaninzi abangenayo, banokufunyanwa ngabantu abakholwayo ngexesha, kwaye emva koko, ukuba imfazwe nganye imfuneko okanye imfuneko. Abanye abantu abaqinisekanga ngamabango anyanzelekile kwiimfazwe ezininzi, kodwa bafuna ukuba imfazwe enye okanye ezimbini kwixesha elide liyimfuneko. Kwaye abaninzi banomdla wokuba imfazwe ezayo iyakubonakala iyimfuneko - ubuncinane kwicala elinye lemfazwe, ngaloo ndlela idinga ukugcinwa ngokusisigxina komkhosi ukulwa.

Le yintsomi yemfazwe eyahlukileyo kunentsomi yokuba imfazwe iluncedo, ukuba imfazwe izisa okulungileyo okubalulekileyo kwisizwe esiyihlawulayo okanye isizwe esenziwa kuso. Ezo ntsomi zinokufunyanwa kwiphepha labo apha.

Imfazwe "Ayikho Inkxaso"

ISebe leMfazwe laseMelika labizwa ngokuba liSebe lezoKhuselo ngo-1947, kwaye kuqhelekile kumazwe amaninzi ukuthetha ngamasebe emfazwe awo nawo onke amanye amazwe “njengokhuselo.” Kodwa ukuba eli gama linayo nayiphi na intsingiselo, ayinakululwa ukugubungela ukwenziwa kwemfazwe okanye ukomelela komkhosi. Ukuba "ukuzikhusela" kuthetha enye into ngaphandle kokuba "kukwaphula umthetho," ke ukuhlasela olunye uhlanga "ukuze bangakwazi ukusihlasela thina kuqala" okanye "ukuthumela umyalezo" okanye "ukohlwaya" ulwaphulo-mthetho ayizikhuseli kwaye ayimfuneko.

Ku-2001, urhulumente waseTaliban e-Afghanistan wayekulungele ukuguqula u-Osama bin Laden ngaphezu kwesizwe sesithathu ukuba azalwe ngamacala olwaphulo-mthetho eMelika. Esikhundleni sokuphishekela ukutshutshiswa komthetho ngenxa yezophulo-mthetho, i-United States kunye ne-NATO bakhetha imfazwe engekho mthethweni eyenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaqhubeka emva kokuba ibin Laden yashiye isizwe, yaqhubeka emva kokufa kukaBin Laden, kwaye yahlala ingqongqo umonakalo ku-Afghanistan, ePakistan, kwiintlanga zase-United States nakwi-NATO, kunye nokulawulwa komthetho.

Ngokubhaliweyo kwintlanganiso ngoFebruwari 2003 phakathi kukaMongameli waseMelika uGeorge W. Bush kunye noNdunankulu waseSpeyin, uBush uthe uMongameli uSaddam Hussein wayezimisele ukushiya i-Iraq, kwaye aye ekuthinjweni, ukuba unokugcina i-$ 1 billion. Umtyholi ovumelekileyo ukuba abaleke nge $ 1 ibhiliyoni akusiyo imiphumo emihle. Kodwa isibonelelo asizange sibonakaliswe kuluntu lwase-US. Kunoko, urhulumente kaBush wathi imfazwe iyadingeka ukukhusela i-United States malunga nezixhobo ezazingekho. Esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa iiligidi ezigidi zeedola, abantu base-Iraq babone ukulahlekelwa ngamakhulu amawaka abantu, izigidi zabaxhoba, izibonelelo zabo zesizwe kunye nemfundo kunye neenkqubo zezempilo ezibhubhileyo, ukukhululeka kwintlalo, ukubhujiswa kwendalo, kunye nezifo zesifo kunye neziphoso zokuzalwa - zonke ezibiza i-United States i-$ 800 yezigidigidi, ezingabali iibhiliyoni zeedola kwiindleko zokunyuka kwamafutha, iintlawulo zenzalo ezizayo, ukunyamekelwa kwabadala, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamathuba - kungabhekiseli kwabafileyo kunye nabalimala, ukunyuswa kobutyebi boorhulumente, ukukhupha inkululeko yoluntu, umonakalo kumhlaba kunye nomoya wayo, kunye nomonakalo wokuziphatha wokwamkela ukuthunjwa, ukuhlushwa, nokubulala.

Funda kwakhona: Inkolelo: I-China iyingozi Yomkhosi

Azikho “Iimfazwe Ezilungileyo”

Phakathi kwabo bakholelwa ukuba iimfazwe ezikhethiweyo kuphela eziyimfuneko, owona mzekelo wamvanje uthandwa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka iUnited States, yiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Le nyaniso iyamangalisa. Abantu babuyela umva kwikota ezintathu zenkulungwane ukufumana umzekelo okhuselekayo weyona mizamo yethu mikhulu njengezidalwa, umsebenzi apho ihlabathi linikezela kuwo malunga ne-2 yeetriliyoni zeedola ngonyaka kunye ne-United States isiqingatha saloo nto. Kunzima ukufumana ukhuselo lwangoku lwe-1940s iindlela zobuhlanga, isondo, inkolo, amayeza, ukutya, icuba, okanye nantoni na enye. Kwinkalo yobudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe, amashumi eminyaka aliqela amava axabisekileyo asibonisa ukuba zikhoiindlela ezizezinye ezizezona zibalaseleyo kwimfazwe ukuze kufikelelwe ukhuseleko. Impiriyali yodidi olwalusenziwa ngeminyaka yee-1940s ifile kwaye ihambile, ukanti uloyiko lwayo lubophelele oozwilakhe abaninzi kwigama elithi “Hitler” kwipropaganda yemfazwe kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka. Enyanisweni, uHitler omtsha akasoyiki amazwe afumileyo ehlabathi. Kunoko, basongela amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ngohlobo olwahluke kakhulu lwama impiriyali.

Ukuthatha ibango lokuba iMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi “yayiyimfazwe elungileyo” ngokwemigaqo yayo, nazi ezinye iinyani ezihlala zingahoywa, akukho nanye kuzo-engafunekiyo ukuyithetha-isizathu esincinci solwaphulo-mthetho olubi kulo naliphi na iqela kule mfazwe:

• Kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi I yayingeyomfuneko, ukanti ngaphandle kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ulandelelwano lwayo alunakucingelwa.
• Ukuphelisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngesohlwayo selizwe lonke kunokuba abenzi bemfazwe baqondwa ngababukeli abalumkileyo ngelo xesha ukwenza iMfazwe Yehlabathi II ibe yinto enokwenzeka kakhulu.
• Ugqatso lwezixhobo phakathi kweemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi lwaluqondwa ngokubanzi nangokuchanileyo njengolwenza ukuba imfazwe yesibini ibe nokwenzeka ngakumbi.
• I-US kunye namanye amaqumrhu aseNtshona afumana inzuzo ngokutyebisa kunye nokuxhobisa oorhulumente abayingozi eJamani naseJapan, nabo babenenkxaso yoorhulumente baseNtshona phakathi kweemfazwe.
• I-United States yayifundise iJapan kwi-impiriyalizim yaza yayixhokonxa ngokwandisa umhlaba, izohlwayo zezoqoqosho kunye noncedo kumkhosi waseTshayina.
• UWinston Churchill wayibiza iMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngokuthi “Imfazwe Engeyomfuneko” esithi “akuzange kubekho mfazwe ekulula ngakumbi ukuyiphelisa.”
• UChurchill wafumana ukuzinikela okuyimfihlo kuMongameli wase-US uFranklin Roosevelt ukuzisa iUnited States emfazweni.
• Urhulumente wase-US wayelindele uhlaselo lwaseJapan, wathatha amanyathelo amaninzi awayeyazi ukuba angayicaphukisa, kwaye ngaphambi kohlaselo: wayalela uMkhosi wawo woMkhosi ukuba alwe neJapan, wasungula idrafti, waqokelela amagama amaJapan aseMelika, kwaye abahoywa abaphembeleli boxolo ababematsha. izitrato iminyaka ngokuchasene nokwakhiwa kwexesha elide kwimfazwe neJapan.
• Inkulumbuso yaseJapan uFumimaro Konoye ucebise iingxoxo kunye ne-United States ngoJulayi 1941, uRoosevelt awazange avume.
• UMongameli Roosevelt uxoke kuluntu lwase-US malunga nokuhlaselwa kwamaNazi kunye nezicwangciso ngenzame zokufumana inkxaso yokungena emfazweni.
• UMongameli Roosevelt kunye norhulumente wase-US baye bavala iinzame zokuvumela iimbacu zamaYuda ukuba zingene eUnited States okanye kwenye indawo.
• Izibakala eziphathelele ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamaNazi kwiinkampu zoxinaniso zazikho kodwa azizange zibe nanxaxheba kwinkcazelo yemfazwe de kwasemva kokuba imfazwe iphelile.
• Amazwi obulumko axela kwangaphambili ngokuchanileyo ukuba ukuqhubeka nemfazwe kwakuya kuthetha ukwanda kwezo zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
• Emva kokufumana ukuphakama emoyeni, ii-Allies zalile ukuhlasela iinkampu okanye ukubhobhoza koololiwe kubo.
• Akukho lwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kwemfazwe, ngalo naliphi na ilizwe, elidityaniswe kude nesikali sokufa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwemfazwe ngokwayo.
• Umkhosi wase-US kunye norhulumente wayesazi ukuba iJapan yayiza kunikezela ngaphandle kokuwisa iibhombu zenyukliya kwizixeko zaseJapan, kodwa yabalahla.
• Umkhosi wase-US wabeka uninzi lwezaphuli-mthetho zaseJapan naseJamani kubasebenzi bawo emva kwemfazwe.
• Oogqirha base-US, ababandakanyeka kulingo lwabantu ngexesha nasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, bajonga ngokubanzi iKhowudi yaseNuremberg njengesebenza kuphela kumaJamani.
• Ukuchasana nokungabikho kobuNazi eDenmark, eSweden, eNetherlands, kunye naseBerlin - ukucwangciswa kakubi kwaye kuphuhliswe nangona kwakuloo mini kunye nobudala - babonisa amandla amangalisayo.
• IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yanika ihlabathi: iimfazwe apho abantu abangamaxhoba aphambili, kunye nomkhosi omkhulu osisigxina wase-US okhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ukulungiselela iMfazwe Akunjalo "Ukukhusela"

Kwaloo ngcinga ifanayo nenokuthi ukuhlasela elinye ilizwe “kuyakhusela” inokusetyenziselwa ukuzama ukuthethelela ukuma ngokusisigxina komkhosi kwelinye ilizwe. Isiphumo, kuzo zombini iimeko, sichasene, sivelisa izoyikiso kunokuba zipheliswe. Kumazwe amalunga ne-196 asemhlabeni, iUnited States inemikhosi ubuncinane kwali-177. Iqaqobana lamanye amazwe nalo linenani elincinane kakhulu lamajoni amise kumazwe aphesheya. Lo ayingomsebenzi okhuselayo okanye oyimfuneko okanye iindleko.

Umkhosi okhuselayo uya kuba nomlindi wonxweme, umlindi womda, izixhobo ezichasene neenqwelomoya, kunye neminye imikhosi ekwazi ukukhusela uhlaselo. Uninzi lwenkcitho yasemkhosini, ngakumbi kumazwe atyebileyo, iyakhubekisa. Izixhobo phesheya, elwandle, nakwindawo yangaphandle azikhuseli. Iibhombu kunye nemijukujelwa ejolise kwezinye izizwe ayizikhuseli. Inkoliso yamazwe azizityebi, kuquka nalawo anentaphane yezixhobo ezingenanjongo yokuzikhusela, achitha imali engaphantsi kweedola ezili-100 lamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye kwimikhosi yawo. Eyongezelelweyo i-900 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezisa inkcitho yasemkhosini yase-US ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 yezigidigidi zeedola ngonyaka ayibandakanyi nto yokuzikhusela.

Ukhuselo alufanele lubandakanye uxolo

Xa kuchazwa iimfazwe zakutshanje e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq njengabantu abangazikhuseliyo, ngaba siye sashiya umbono we-Afghans ne-Iraqis? Ngaba uyazikhusela ukulwa emva kokuhlaselwa? Ewe, kunjalo. Yile ncazelo yokuzikhusela. Kodwa, makhe sikhumbule ukuba ngaba ngabagqugquzeli bemfazwe abaye bathi ukukhusela kwenza imfazwe ibulungisa. Ubu bungqina bubonisa ukuba iindlela eziphambili zokukhusela, ngokubhekiselele kunokuba zingekho, ukunganyaniseki. Iingcamango zenkcubeko yamaqhinga zibonisa ukuba isenzo esingazikhuseliyo sinobuthathaka, singenzi, kwaye asikwazi ukulungisa iingxaki ezinkulu zentlalo. Iinyani bonisa kuphela. Ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba isigqibo esilumkileyo kunazo zonke kwi-Iraq okanye e-Afghanistan kwakuya kuba ukunganyaniseki, ukungabambisisani, nokubhenela ubulungisa behlabathi.

Isigqibo esinjalo siyachukumisa ngakumbi ukuba siyacinga ukuba ilizwe elinjengeMelika, elinolawulo olukhulu kwimibutho yamazwe aphesheya njengeZizwe eziManyeneyo, liphendula uhlaselo oluvela phesheya. Abantu baseMelika abanokwala ukwamkela igunya langaphandle. Amaqela oxolo aphesheya anokujoyina ukunganyaniseki. Isohlwayo ekujoliswe kuso kunye nokutshutshiswa kungadityaniswa noxinzelelo lwamazwe aphesheya. Kukho iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zobundlobongela obukhulu.

Imfazwe Yenza Wonke umntu Ukhuselekile

Umbuzo obalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, akuyona indlela uhlanga oluhlaselwe ngayo kufuneka luphendule, kodwa lunjani ukukhusela isizwe esinobudlova ekuhlaseleni. Enye indlela yokunceda ukwenza oko kuya kuba kukusabalalisa ukuba imfazwe eyenza abantu babe yingozi kubantu kunokuba bakhusele.

Ukukhanyela ukuba imfazwe iyimfuneko ayifani nokungaqondi ukuba kukho ububi ehlabathini. Enyanisweni, imfazwe kufuneka ibekwe njengenye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu kwihlabathi. Akukho nto embi ukuba imfazwe ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemfazwe ukukhusela okanye ukuhlwaya ukwenza imfazwe kubonakalise ukuhluleka okukrakra.

Iintsomi zemfazwe zinokusenza sikholelwe ukuba imfazwe ibulala abantu abangendawo abafuna ukubulawa ukuze basikhusele kunye nenkululeko yethu. Enyanisweni, iimfazwe zakutshanje ezibandakanya amazwe afumileyo ziye zaba kukubulawa kwabantu kwicala elinye kwabantwana, abalupheleyo nabemi abaqhelekileyo bamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo abahlaselweyo. Yaye ngoxa “inkululeko” iye yasebenza njengesizathu sokuthethelela iimfazwe, iimfazwe ziye zasebenza njenge ulungelelwaniso lokuphelisa inkululeko yangempela.

Ingcamango yokuba unokufumana amalungelo ngokuxhobisa urhulumente wakho ukuba asebenze ngasese kwaye abulale amaninzi abantu abonakalayo bodwa ukuba imfazwe sisixhobo sethu kuphela. Xa konke unayo isando, zonke iingxaki zibukeka njengezipikili. Ngaloo ndlela iimfazwe ziyimpendulo kuzo zonke iimpizwe zasemzini, kwaye iimfazwe ezimbi ezithatha ixesha elide zingapheli ngokuzikhulisa.

Izifo ezinokuthintelwa, iingozi, ukuzibulala, ukuwa, ukurhaxwa, kunye nemozulu eshushu ibulala abantu abaninzi eUnited States nakwezinye izizwe ezininzi kunokuba kunjalo ngobunqolobi. Ukuba ubugrogrisi benza ukuba kufuneke kutyalwe imali eyi-1 yezigidigidi zeedola ngonyaka kumalungiselelo emfazwe, ingaba imozulu eshushu yenza ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwenza ntoni?

Ingqungquthela yesongelo esikhulu sesigebengu sithatyathwa yi-arhente njenge-FBI ekhuthaza rhoqo, ixhaswe, kwaye ifake abantu abangenakuze bakwazi ukubeka ingongongoma ngokwabo.

Uphononongo lweentshukumisa zokwenyani zeemfazwe zenza kucace ukuba imfuneko ayifane ibekho kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo, ngaphandle nje kokusasazwa koluntu.

"Ulawulo loLuntu" ngoBugcisa-uMbulali akusisisombululo

Phakathi kwabo bayayiqondayo indlela eyonakalisayo ngayo imfazwe, kukho enye into eyingqinisiso yentsomi yeli ziko likhethekileyo: imfazwe iyafuneka kulawulo lwabemi. Kodwa ubungakanani beplanethi yokunciphisa umda wabantu buqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokusebenza ngaphandle kwemfazwe. Iziphumo ziya kuba mbi. Isisombululo kunokuba kukutyala ezinye zobutyebi obuninzi ngoku obuphoselwe emfazweni kuphuhliso lweendlela zokuphila ezizinzileyo endaweni yoko. Umbono wokusebenzisa imfazwe ukuphelisa amawaka ezigidi zamadoda, abafazi nabantwana phantse uguqulela iintlobo ezinokucinga ukuba ezo ngcinga azifanelanga kugcinwa (okanye ubuncinci azifanele ukugxeka amaNazi); Ngethamsanqa uninzi lwabantu alunakucinga nantoni na emangalisa kangaka.

Isishwankathelo sentla ngasentla.

Izibonelelo ngolwazi olongezelelweyo.

Ezinye iingcali:

Imfazwe ayinakupheka.

Imfazwe inenzuzo.