Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo kweemfazwe kukuba ziyimfuneko embi. Le ntsomi ichithwe kwiphepha layo Apha.
Kodwa iimfazwe zikhuselwe njengokuba ngandlela-thile zinenzuzo. Inyani le nto kukuba iimfazwe azizuzi abantu apho zihlala khona, kwaye azincedi iintlanga ezithumela amabutho abo asemaphandleni ukulwa nemfazwe. Akunjalo iimfazwe zinceda ukuxhasa umgaqo-mthetho. Iziphumo ezilungileyo ezibangelwa yimfazwe zigqithisileyo ngokugqithisileyo kwaye zingenziwa ngaphandle kwemfazwe.
Iingqungquthela zaseUnited States nge-2003-2011 imfazwe e-Iraq zifumanise ukuba ininzi e-United States yayikholelwa ukuba i-Iraqyi yayingcono ngenxa yemfazwe eyonakaliswe kakhulu - kutshatyalaliswa -Iraq [1]. Uninzi lwabantu baseIraq, ngokuchaseneyo, lwalukholelwa ukuba babengekho mgangathweni. [2] Uninzi eUnited States lwalukholelwa ukuba ama-Iraqi ayenombulelo. [3] Oku kukungavumelani malunga nenyani, hayi umbono. Kodwa abantu bahlala bekhetha ukuba zeziphi izibakala ekufuneka bazi okanye bazamkele. Amakholwa anyanzelekileyo kwiintsomi zaseIraq "izixhobo zentshabalalo" babekholelwa ngakumbi, hayi kancinci, ngokuqinileyo xa beboniswa iinyani. Inkqubo ye- nyaniso malunga neIraq ayimnandi, kodwa ibalulekile.
Imfazwe ayizuzisi amaxhoba ayo
Ukukholelwa ukuba abantu abahlala apho urhulumente wesizwe sakho ebambe khona imfazwe bangcono kuyo, ngaphandle kwempikiswano yabo yokuba bangendawo, icebisa uhlobo lokuzikhukhumalisa -ukuzikhukhumeza okuthe kwiimeko ezininzi kuye kwaxhomekeka ngokucacileyo kubuntu Uhlobo oluthile okanye olunye: ubuhlanga, inkolo, ulwimi, inkcubeko, ubuzwe, okanye ubundlobongela ngokubanzi. I-poll yabantu base-United States okanye nayiphi na isizwe esithatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni i-Iraq ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufumana inkcaso kwimbono yelizwe labo lihlala ngamagunya angaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iinjongo ezintle kangakanani. Injalo imeko, uluvo lwemfazwe eluntwini kukwaphula umthetho osisiseko wokuziphatha, umthetho wegolide ofuna ukunika abanye imbeko efanayo oyifunayo. Kwaye oku kuyinyani nokuba ukulungiswa kwemfazwe kulandelwa emva kokuba ezinye izizathu ziye zawa okanye ukunceda abantu kwakuyimfuneko yokuqala kunye neyokuqala.
Kukwakhona impazamo esisiseko yobukrelekrele ekucingeni ukuba imfazwe entsha inokuthi izise izibonelelo kwisizwe apho ibanjiwe khona, inikwe irekhodi elibi lemfazwe yonke eyenzekileyo ngaphambili. Abaphengululi kwimfazwe yokulwa ne-Carnegie Endowment yoXolo kunye ne-pro-war RAND Corporation bafumanise ukuba iimfazwe ezijolise ekwakheni ilizwe zinomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu kwimpumelelo engekhoyo ekudaleni idemokhrasi ezinzileyo. Kwaye isilingo siyaphakama njenge-zombie ukuyikholelwa loo nto Irakh or Libhiya or Siriya or Iran Ekugqibeleni kuya kuba yindawo apho imfazwe ibangela khona.
Abameli bemfazwe yoluntu baya kuba benyaniseke ngakumbi xa bebonke bafanelwe ukulungiswa yimfazwe kwaye balinganisa nomonakalo owenziweyo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, into enokuthi yinto enokuthi iyancitshiswa imele ithathwe njengento ecacisa ukuba nayiphi na i-tradeoff. I-US ayizange ibale i-Iraq efile. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lwe-UN lifuna ukuba igosa le-UN libhekiselele kwi-Libyans ebulawa yi-NATO kuphela kwiseshini.
Abakholwayo kwimfazwe yoluntu bahlala behlula ukulwa nohlanga oluvela kwimfazwe. Ukudemokelwa kwangaphambili kwemfazwe yabakhohlisi (amaninzi abakhohlisi abaye baxhaswa ngemali ngabakuhlaseli babo beza kuba ngamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi) baphinda baphinda ibinzana elithi "babulala abantu bakhe" (kodwa ungabuzi ukuba ngubani othengisa izixhobo okanye wanika iimbono ze-satellite) . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubulala "abantu bakhe" kubi kakhulu kunokuba babulale abantu babantu. Kodwa ukuba ingxaki esifuna ukujongana nayo ukubulala abantu abaninzi, imfazwe kunye nokubulawa kwabazalwana ngabazalwana babo kwaye akukho nto ibhetele kunokuba imfazwe ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela imfazwe-nangona kunjalo ukuba imfazwe yayilindele ukukhusela, uhlanga.
Iimfazwe ezilwa namazwe atyebileyo nxamnye namahlwempu zihlala zizixhela macala; ngokuchaseneyo nokuzilolonga, ukunceda abantu, okanye ukuzilolonga. Ngokombono oqhelekileyo wasentsomini, iimfazwe zilwelwa “ebaleni lokulwa” - umbono ocebisa ukuba kukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo phakathi kwemikhosi emibini ngaphandle kobomi bobuhlali. Ngokuchasene noko, kuliwa iimfazwe kwiidolophu nakumakhaya abantu. Ezi mfazwe yenye yezona zibalulekileyo kakubi izenzo ezinokucinga, ezikunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni oorhulumente ababaqhawulayo balala nabo ngabantu babo.
Iimfazwe zishiya umonakalo ohlala ngolu hlobo inzondo kunye nogonyamelo, kwaye ngendlela yo yendalo yetyhefu. Ukukholelwa kumalungelo oluntu emfazwe kunokushukunyiswa ngokujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiziphumo zexesha elifutshane kunye nelide kuyo nayiphi na imfazwe. Imfazwe ithambekele ekushiyeleni umngcipheko, hayi ukhuseleko- ngokuchasene nengxelo ephumelele ngakumbi yokuhamba okunganyanzelekanga kotshintsho olusisiseko. Imfazwe kunye namalungiselelo emfazwe asusa bonke abantu baseGeorge Garcia; waseThule, eGreenland; kuninzi lweVique, ePuerto Rico; nakwiiPacific Islands ezahlukeneyo kunye nePagan Island ngokulandelayo kuluhlu olusengozini. Isongelwa yilali ekwisiQithi iJeju, eMzantsi Korea, apho uMkhosi wamanzi waseMelika ufuna isiseko esitsha sakhiwe. Abo bahlala phantsi-komoya okanye ezantsi-ukusuka kuvavanyo lwezixhobo bahlala bengcono kancinci kunabo bajolise ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo.
Ulwaphulo lwamalungelo oluntu luhlala lufumaneka kwiintlanga ezinye iintlanga ezinqwenela ukubhobhoza, njengokuba zifumaneka kwiintlanga zabo abalawuli bezandla ezixhaswa ngemali kwaye baxhaswa ngabakhohlisi abafanayo, kwaye njengoko banokufumaneka kwizo mpi iintlanga ngokwazo. Kodwa kukho iingxaki ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekuqhubhiseleni isizwe ukunyusa inhlonipho yamalungelo abantu. Okokuqala, akuvumi ukusebenza. Okwesibini, ilungelo lokungabulawa okanye ukulimala okanye ukuphazamiseka yimfazwe kufuneka libhekwe njengelungelo lomntu elifanelekile le ntlonipho. Kwakhona, isheke lobuzenzisi luncedo: Bangaphi abantu abafuna ukuba idolophu yabo ibhobhozwe egameni lokukhulisa amalungelo oluntu?
Izimfa kunye nempi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinobungozi zingabangela iingxaki ezinokuncedwa ngunyango olungaphandle, makube ngohlobo lwabalandeli abangabikho boxolo kunye neengweletshetshe zabantu okanye ngendlela yamapolisa. Kodwa ukuphazamisa ingxabano yokuba iRwanda idinga amapolisa kwingxabano yokuba iRwanda kufuneka iqhutywe ibhomu, okanye ukuba olunye uhlanga kufuneka luqhutywe ibhomu, luyimpazamo enkulu.
Ngokuchasene nembono ethile yeengcamango, ukubandezeleka akuzange kuncitshiswe kwiimfazwe zakutshanje. Imfazwe ayikwazi ukuphucula okanye ihlambuluke. Ayikho indlela efanelekileyo yemfazwe ekhusela ukuphazamisa intlungu engathandekanga. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba nayiphi na imfa iyalawulwa okanye iphelile xa iqalile. Umonakalo uvame ukuhlala ixesha elide kunemfazwe. Iimfazwe azipheli ngokusinqoba, ezingenakuchazwa.
Imfazwe ayiyi kuzisa uzinzo
Imfazwe inokucingelwa njengesixhobo sokunyanzelisa umthetho, kubandakanya imithetho echasene nemfazwe, kuphela ngokungahoyi uhanahaniso kunye nerekhodi lembali yokusilela. Imfazwe iyaphula eyona migaqo isisiseko yomthetho kwaye ikhuthaza ukwaphulwa kwabo okungaphaya. Ukuzimela kwamazwe kunye nemfuno yokuba idiploma mayenziwe ngaphandle kobundlobongela buwela phambi kwesando semfazwe. I-Kellogg-Briand Pact, i-UN Charter, kunye nemithetho yasekhaya malunga nokubulala kunye nesigqibo sokuya emfazweni yaphulwa xa iimfazwe zisungulwa kwaye zanda kwaye ziqhubeka. Ukophula loo mithetho ukuze "unyanzelise" (ngaphandle kokutshutshisa) umthetho othintela uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo, umzekelo, awenzi izizwe okanye amaqela ukuba athobele umthetho. Le yinxalenye yesizathu sokuba imfazwe isilele kangaka emsebenzini wokubonelela ngokhuseleko.
Imfazwe Ayinakuzuzisa Abenzi beMfazwe
Imfazwe kunye namalungiselelo emfazwe ukucima nokunciphisa qoqosho. Inkolelo yokuba imfazwe ikhuthaza isizwe esiyihlawulayo, ngokuchasene nokunyusa inani elincinci labanikeli abanomdla, alixhaswanga bubungqina.
Enye inkolelo ithi, nangona imfazwe iphosa isizwe sokwenza imfazwe, sinokuthi sinokuyiphucula ngakumbi ngokubangela ukuxhaphazwa kwezinye iintlanga. Isizwe esilwenzayo imfazwe ehlabathini, iUnited States, ine-5% yabemi behlabathi kodwa idla isahlulo sesithathu kwizinto eziphathekayo zendalo. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, imfazwe kuphela inokuvumela ukuba ukungalingani okubalulekileyo kunye nokwenqwenelekayo kuqhubeke.
Kukho isizathu sokuba le ngxabano ingabonakaliswa yinto enqabileyo yilabo abasemagunyeni kunye nokudlala indima encinci kwimpaganda yemfazwe. Ihlazo, kwaye abaninzi abantu banentloni ngabo. Ukuba imfazwe ayisebenzisi njengobuncwane kodwa inkohliso, ukuvuma ukuba akunakulungelelanisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Amanye amanqaku anokuncedisa le ngxabano:
- Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunye ntshabalalo alisoloko ilingana nomgangatho ophezulu wokuphila.
- Iintlobo zoxolo kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ziya kuvelelwa nokuba ngabafundi bafunda ukutya.
- Iintlobo zemveliso yendawo kunye nokuphila okuzinzileyo akunakulinganiswa.
- Ukusetyenziswa okunciphisayo kuyadingeka ngendalo yomhlaba kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani odlayo.
- Enye yezona ndlela ezinkulu kwiintlanga ezizityebi ezidla izixhobo ezinobungozi kakhulu, ezifana neoli, kukulwa kweemfazwe.
- Amandla ombane kunye neziseko eziza kubakho ngaphezu kweengcamango zabo ezingabonakaliyo ukuba iingxowa-mali eziye zagqitywa kwimfazwe zithunyelwa apho.
IMfazwe inikeza imisebenzi embalwa kuneendlela zokuchitha imali okanye ukuchithwa kweerhafu, kodwa imfazwe inokuthi ihlinzeke ngemisebenzi ehloniphekileyo nenomdla efundisa abantu abancinane izifundo, ukubakha umgangatho, nokuqeqesha abemi abemi. Enyanisweni, zonke izinto ezilungileyo ezifumaneka ekuqeqesheni imfazwe kwaye inxaxheba ingadalwa ngaphandle kwemfazwe. Kwaye ukuqeqeshwa kwemfazwe kuzisa okuninzi kunokuba kunqwenelekayo. Ukulungiswa kweMfa kufundisa kunye neemeko zabantu zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo ukuba zibhekiselele kunzima kuluntu olunokwenzeka. Kwakhona kufundisa ukuthobela okuyingozi. Nangona imfazwe inokubandakanya isibindi kunye nokuzincama, ukuxubusha oku ngeenkxaso ezingaboniyo iinjongo ezingenakukubeka umzekelo ombi ngokwenene. Ukuba isibindi nesingenangqondo singaba nobuhle, amaqhawe anqabileyo ayabonakalisa ubuhle kunabantu.
Izibhengezo zithembele kwiimfazwe zakutshanje ngokunceda ukuphuhlisa ubugcisa beengqondo ezilondoloze ubomi ngaphandle kwemfazwe. I-intanethi apho le website iqulethwe ngokuyininzi ngumkhosi waseMelika. Kodwa ezo zidilesi zesilivere zinokuba zikhanye iinkwenkwezi ukuba zenziwe ngaphandle kwemfazwe. Uphando nophuhliso luya kusebenza kakuhle kwaye luphendule kwaye lujoliswe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo xa zihluke kwimpi.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zoncedo kungaqhutyelwa ngcono ngaphandle komkhosi. Umqhubi wendiza yindlela ephezulu kunye neendlela ezingafanelekanga zokuzisa uncedo lwentlekele. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphosakeleyo kuhlanganiswa ngabantu abanokungathembeki kubantu abaqaphele ukuba ama-militari asetyenzise ukukhutshwa kweentlekele njengenqwelo yemfazwe ephakamileyo okanye ukusibeka ngokusisigxina kwindawo.
Iinjongo Zabadalwa Bemfazwe Azimangalisi
Iimfazwe zithengiswa njengobuncedo, kuba abantu abaninzi, kuquka nabasebenzi abaninzi baseburhulumenteni nabasemkhosini, banenjongo efanelekileyo. Kodwa abo bathetha ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba balwe imfazwe ngokuqinisekileyo abakwenziyo. Xa kwenzeka emva kwesohlwayo, ngaphantsi kweenjongo ezivulekileyo zibhalwe.
"Zonke izibongo ziza kuba ngumbuso, zicacise ngaphesheya kwelokuba ulinqoba ihlabathi ukuzisa uxolo, ukhuseleko kunye nenkululeko, kwaye libingelela oonyana bakhe kuphela kwiinjongo ezinobungcali kunye nezobuntu. Loo buxoki, kwaye buxoki, kodwa izizukulwana ziyaqhubeka zikholelwe. "- UHenry David Thoreau
Isishwankathelo sentla ngasentla.
Izibonelelo ngolwazi olongezelelweyo.
Amagama aphantsi:
1. Oluvoto lokugqibela lunokuba yi-Gallup ngo-Agasti 2010.
2. IZogby, nge-20 kaDisemba ngo-2011.
3. Oluvoto lokugqibela inokuba yayiziindaba ze-CBS ngo-Agasti 2010.
Ezinye iingcali:
Imfazwe ayinakupheka.
