Amandla angakumbi kwabaPhuli kwi-Solar Revolution

NguMaya Evans, nge-26 ka-Agasti ka-2020

ukusuka Iimpawu zeSussex

Amandla elanga azise izibonelelo ezininzi- nangona kungenjalo kungangumkhukula wangoku wexabiso eliphantsi le-heroin kumanxweme ethu. Namhlanje, imveliso ye-opium yase-Afghan ibonile ukunyuka okubukhali ngokufika kwamandla elanga kunye nokukwazi ukumpompa amanzi kubunzulu be-100m. Ukukwazi ukunkcenkceshela iintlango ezingumqwebedu kuguqule iibhanti zothuli zaba yenye yezona ndawo zinenzuzo kwezolimo kwihlabathi.

Kwi-Hastings, iimpembelelo zokusetyenziswa kwe-heroin kunokubonwa kumanani afana ne-waif, ahlala engxamile, ubuso be-gaunt, ubudala phambi kwexesha labo. Kuyo yonke iSussex ne-UK xa iyonke, inani labasebenzisi- kuqikelelwa yi-BBC ngo-2011 ngama-300,000  -Kulindeleke ukuba inyuke njengoko uqoqosho lubangelwe yi-Covid.

E-Afghanistan, amashumi amane eminyaka yemfazwe nentlupheko ziye zatyhalela abantu elunxwemeni, ngelixa i-Bhritane ishumi leminyaka le-austerity elandelwa sisifo esiye sadala isitya se-petri sokulutha i-opium. NgoSeptemba ophelileyo Amapolisa ase-UK abambe i-1.3 yeetoni ze-heroin ngexabiso eliqikelelweyo nge- $ 120m, ngelixa abo basebenza namaqela enkxaso besithi ukusetyenziswa kwe-heroin kuyanda ngokuthe chu. WezeMpilo yeNgilane yaseNgilani ichonge iidolophu eziselunxwemeni njengezona zibhuqwe kakhulu yiheroin; I-Hastings ngoku ine-6.5 yokusweleka kwi-100,000 nganye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesiyobisi (umndilili wesizwe yi-1.9 yokufa) kwaye kwi-2016 i-England ne-Wales bafumana i-2,593 yokufa ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Ukubeka ecaleni imeko etshabalalisayo yeopium, le ndlela intsha yokulima yinto yotshintsho lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngo-2012, Abalimi be-opium yase-Afghan bebesebenza iihektare ezili-157,000 zomhlaba, ngo-2018 bekukho iphindwe kabini ukuya kuma-317,000 kwaye ngo-2019 yandiswa yaya kwiihektare ezingama-344,000.

Kwilizwe esele likho ibonelela nge90% ye-opium yehlabathi, oku kukhokelele kwimveliso ephindaphindwe kabini ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-3,700 ngowama-2012 ukuya kwizi-9,000 zeetoni ngowama-2017. Ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso yesathelayithi kunokwenzeka ukubala Iiphaneli zesolar ze-67,000 kwiPhondo laseHelmand kuphela.

Ilizwe elingenayo igridi yombane yesizwe, kunye nedizili ekunzima ukuyihambisa kwiindlela ezirhabaxa kunye nezingakhuselekanga zihlala zifakwe izixhobo zokuqhushumba (IEDs), utshintsho kumandla ahlaziyekayo elanga linyathelo lendalo kwaye linokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Yinto eqhelekileyo ngoku ukubona uluhlu lweenkampu zeembacu kwaye uninzi lwamakhaya lunendlela enye yokubilisa amanzi okanye yokupheka irayisi kunye nemifuno. 'Iiyadi' zoluntu zabelana ngepaneli yelanga ukubonelela ngamanzi ashushu okuhlamba.

Ngelixa iiprojekthi zeHastings zokuphinda zenze amakhaya zimbalwa kwaye ziphakathi kwaye izibonelelo zikarhulumente zinefuthe nje kumakhaya ambalwa, eAfghanistan, ngokumangalisayo, imiqondiso yangoku ibonisa ukuba ukwamkelwa kwelanga ngesibindi kwelizwe kunokubabona bedlula amazwe afana ne-UK kumzamo woku Utshintsho kude neefosili.

Kumafama ahlala kwelinye lawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo emhlabeni, ukuhlawulwa kwangaphambili kwe- $ 5,000 yiyo yonke into efunekayo ukuseta njengomlimi we-opiamu kunye nophahla lweepaneli zelanga, kunye nempompo yombane, eyakube ifakiwe, ayisebenzi. iindleko.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, umthetho okhohlakeleyo weTaliban wawunomnye - mhlawumbi kuphela komgangatho wokuhlangula: elona liphumelele kakhulu emhlabeni iphulo lokulwa iziyobisi, ethi ngo-2000 ilawule ukunciphisa i-99% kwindawo yokulima i-opium poppy kwiindawo ezilawulwa yiTaliban, ngokufanelekileyo ikota ezintathu zonikezelo lwe-heroin ngelo xesha.

Kungekudala emva kokuba i-US kunye ne-NATO behlasele i-Afghanistan ngo-2001, i-UK yonyulwa njengelizwe eliphambili ekusombululeni iingxaki zeli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka elishumi elandelayo wabona amabali eendaba emikhosi asebenza kunye ne-opium yendawo evelisa abaphathi bemfazwe, abanye babo ababengabapolitiki abadumileyo, ukuba khusela izityalo, kunye nerhafu ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle okunengeniso kurhwebo lwangaphandle.

Ngoku, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane yemfazwe, ubuhlwempu kunye nenkohliso, ifuthe lokuveliswa kwe-opium kubantu base-Afghan abaqhelekileyo liyatshabalalisa. Kwi-Red Bridge, e-Kabul, amaqela amadoda anokubonwa egobile kwimifula yento eyayikade ingumlambo ochumayo apho abantwana babedada kwaye abantu beloba izidlo zabo. Lo mthombo wobomi ngoku womile ngethambo, kwaye phakathi kweemfumba zenkunkuma kukho indawo yeopium. Izigidi ezithathu, okanye iipesenti ezili-10 zabemi base-Afghanistan, ngoku bangabasebenzisi be-heroin kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluncinci luye lwashukuma kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo njengoko iziyobisi ziphanga ukugcina imikhwa yazo.

Ukubekwa phambili kwesivuno semali esijikeleza imali ngaphezulu kwemveliso yokutya eyimfuneko nako kulishiya ilizwe elalikwazi ukuzimela lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwamanye amazwe ngezinto eziyimfuneko. Amanzi nayo iyinto entle, kwaye ngama-27 eepesenti kuphela yabemi abanamanzi acocekileyo. Ukombiwa kwamaqula kathathu kubunzulu obumgangatho, ukunkcenkceshela amasimi eopopi, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela kunqongophalo lwamanzi kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Kumashumi amabini eminyaka emva kokuba 'imfazwe yoloyiko' yasungulwa, imfazwe iyaqhubeka. Yimfazwe echithele e-UK ngohlobo lwe ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha kwaye ababaleki efuna ingcwele. Ezi ziphumo zaxelwa kwangaphambili ngababukeli abaninzi, nangona izinga lokukhawulezisa imveliso ye-opium, enkosi ku umoya ovuselelekayo Uguquko, ngokuqinisekileyo kukujika akukho mntu ucinga.