Berlin Bulletin No. 134, Septemba 25 2017
NguVictor Grossman
Isiphumo esiphambili solonyulo lwaseJamani ayikuba u-Angela Merkel kunye neqela lakhe eliphindwe kabini, iChristian Democratic Union (CDU) kunye neBavarian CSU (Christian Social Union), bakwazile ukuhlala bekhokele ngezona voti zininzi, kodwa baye baqhabalaka, eyona lahleko inkulu ukusukela ekusekweni kwabo.
Isiphumo sesibini esiphambili kukuba i-Social Democrats (SPD) nayo yadibana, nayo yaba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu ukusukela kwimfazwe. Kwaye ekubeni aba bathathu bebetshate kurhulumente womdibaniso kule minyaka mine idlulileyo, ukubambana kwabo kwabonisa ukuba uninzi lwabavoti yayingengobemi abonwabileyo, abonelisekileyo abahlala befanekiselwa ngu-You- never-had-it-so-good- Merkel, kodwa banexhala. , uphazamisekile kwaye unomsindo. Kangangokuba babenomsindo kangangokuba bawagatya amaqela aphambili eZiko, lawo amele kwaye akhusela imeko ekhoyo.
Ibali lesithathu elingundoqo, eloyikisa ngokwenene, lelokuba isinye kwisibhozo sabavoti, phantse i-13 leepesenti, bakhuphe umsindo wabo kwicala eliyingozi kakhulu-kwiqela eliselula le-Alternative for Germany (AfD), elineenkokeli zalo ezahlulwe ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwasekunene. abacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga nabacalu-calulo bamalungelo ngokugqithisileyo. Ngokumalunga nama-80 amasekela akhwazayo kwiBundestag entsha-impumelelo yabo yokuqala kuzwelonke-imithombo yeendaba kufuneka ngoku ibanike indawo ethe kratya kunangaphambili ukuze bakhuphe umyalezo wabo onetyhefu (kwaye uninzi lwemithombo yeendaba buninzi kubo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku).
Le ngozi imbi kakhulu eSaxony, elona lizwe linamandla eMpuma Jamani, lilawule ukusukela oko kudityaniswa yiCDU egcinayo. I-AfD iqhubekile kwindawo yokuqala kunye ne-27%, ibetha i-CDU ngepesenti yeshumi yepesenti, uloyiso lwabo lokuqala olunjalo kulo naliphi na ilizwe (ekhohlo lifumene i-16.1, i-SPD kuphela i-10.5 % eSaxony). Lo mfanekiso wawufana kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezisezantsi-zithende, zacalula iMpuma Jamani nakwindawo eyayisakuba yinqaba yeDemokhrasi yeNtlalo, kwingingqi yaseRhineland-Ruhr eNtshona Jamani, apho uninzi lwabasebenzi kunye nabangasebenziyo ngakumbi babekhangela iintshaba. ubume bexesha – kwaye wakhetha i-AfD. Amadoda kuyo yonke indawo ngaphezu kwabasetyhini.
Kunzima ukungazihoyi iincwadi zembali. Ngo-1928 amaNazi afumana i-2.6% kuphela, ngo-1930 oku kwanda ukuya kwi-18.3%. Ngo-1932 – ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngenxa yoxinezeleko – babelelona qela linamandla nelingaphezu kwama-30%. Ihlabathi liyayazi into eyenzekayo kunyaka olandelayo. Iziganeko zinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
AmaNazi akhelwe kukunganeliseki, umsindo kunye nokuchasana kwamaYuda, eqondisa ingqumbo yabantu kumaYuda endaweni yeKrupps enetyala ngokwenene okanye oosozigidi beDeutsche Bank. Ngokufanayo, i-AfD ngoku ilawula ingqumbo yabantu, ngeli xesha inqabile ngokuchasene namaJuda kodwa ngokuchasene namaSilamsi, “amaSilamsi”, abaphambukeli. Bagxininiswe kwaba "babanye abantu" ekutyholwa ukuba baxhatshazwa ngeendleko zabantu "abalungileyo baseJamani", kwaye batyhola u-Angela Merkel kunye namahlakani akhe omanyano, idemokhrasi yeNtlalo - nangona bobabini behlehla ngokukhawuleza kulo mbuzo kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kwizithintelo ezingakumbi kunye nokugxothwa. Kodwa ungaze ukhawuleze ngokwaneleyo kwi-AfD, esebenzisa amaqhinga afanayo naneminyaka edlulileyo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngempumelelo efanayo. Ngaphezu kwesigidi sabavoti beCDU kunye nabaphantse babe sisiqingatha sesigidi sabavoti beSPD batshintshe ukuthembeka ngeCawa ngokuvotela i-AfD.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezifanayo kwezinye iindawo eYurophu, kodwa phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi. Abakhethiweyo abakhethiweyo E-USA ngokuqhelekileyo base-Afrika-baseMelika, kodwa ke iLatinos kwaye ngoku - njengaseYurophu - amaSulumane, "amaSilamsi", abafuduki. Iinzame zokuchasana namaqhinga anje nge-alam kunye nentiyo yabantu baseRussia, amaKorea aseNyakatho okanye ama-Irani awenza mandundu umcimbi- kwaye abe yingozi kakhulu, xa amazwe anamandla amakhulu omkhosi kunye nezixhobo zeathom echaphazelekayo. Kodwa ukufana kuyoyikisa! Kwaye eYurophu iJamani, kuzo zonke ngaphandle kwezixhobo zeathom, lelona lizwe linamandla.
Ngaba bezingekho ezinye iindlela ezingcono kune-AfD kubachasi “yokuhlala ekhosi”? Iidemokhrasi ezikhululekileyo, iqela elithobekileyo elinamaqhina asondeleyo kumashishini amakhulu kuphela, bakwazile ukufezekisa ukubuya okuqinileyo ekuweni okusongelayo, ngeepesenti ezili-10.7 ezanelisayo, kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yezalogeni zabo ezingenantsingiselo kunye nenkokeli ehlakaniphile, engenamgaqo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba khange abe yinxalenye yombutho olawulayo.
Kwakungekho Greens kunye ne-DIE LINKE (ngasekhohlo). Ngokungafaniyo namaqela amabini aphambili, bobabini baphucula iivoti zabo ngaphezu kwe-2013 - kodwa kuphela i-0.5 % ye-Greens kunye ne-0.6 % yeKhohlo, ingcono kunokulahlekelwa, kodwa zombini ukuphoxeka okukhulu. AbakwaGreens, ngenkqubela yabo ekhulayo, yobukrelekrele kunye nobuchwephesha, abanikezeli khefu lihle ngokuSekwa.
I-Left, nangona unyango olubi olungapheliyo lweendaba, bekufanele lube nenzuzo enkulu. Yachasa umanyano lwesizwe olungathandwayo kwaye yathatha amanyathelo okulwa kwimiba emininzi: ukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseJamani kwiingxabano, akukho zixhobo kwiindawo zongquzulwano (okanye naphi na), imivuzo ephantsi ephezulu, umhlalaphantsi wangaphambili kunye nobuntu, irhafu yokwenyani yosozigidi kunye noosozigidi abaqwengayo. AmaJamani kunye nehlabathi.
Ilwe imilo elungileyo kwaye, ngokwenza njalo, yatyhalela amanye amaqela kuphuculo oluthile, ngenxa yokoyika iinzuzo zaKhohlo. Kodwa yaphinda yazimanya noorhulumente bomdibaniselwano kumazwe amabini aseMpuma Jamani naseBerlin (yade yakhokela elinye lawo, eThuringia). Kwazama ngamandla ukuba kwade kwalilize ukuthelela abanye ababini. Kuzo zonke ezo meko, yazithomalalisa iimfuno zayo, yakuphepha ukushukuma isikhephe, ubuncinane kakhulu, kuba oko kunokuthintela amathemba embeko nokunyuka ukusuka kwikona “yokungathobeli” edla ngokunikwa yona. Ifumene indlela enqabileyo kakhulu ekude namadabi athethwayo kunye nokungena esitratweni, ngokuvakalayo nangogonyamelo ixhasa abaqhankqalazi kunye nabantu abagrogriswa ngokugxothwa okukhulu, okanye ukugxothwa ngabantu abazizityebi, ngamanye amazwi bebandakanyeka kumngeni wokwenyani kuyo yonke imeko ekhoyo yokugula, kunye nokwaphuka. imithetho ngokuphindaphindiweyo, hayi ngezilogeni zasendle okanye iifestile eziqhekekileyo kunye neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezitshileyo kodwa ngokuxhathisa okuxhaphakileyo ngelixa inikezela ngeembono ezithembekileyo zekamva, kufutshane nakude. Apho oku kunqongopheleyo, ngakumbi kwimpuma yeJamani, abantu abanomsindo okanye abaxhalabileyo babeyijonga, kwakhona, njengenxalenye yokuSekwa kunye nomkhuseli wesimo se-quo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kumanqanaba asekhaya, nakwilizwe, le glavu ilingana kakuhle kakhulu. Phantse ukunqongophala kwayo ngokupheleleyo kwabagqatswa abakudidi lwabasebenzi kudlale indima. Inkqubo yesenzo esinjalo iya kubonakala iyimpendulo yokwenyani kuphela kwabo basongela abantu bobuhlanga kunye nee-fascists. Okuncomekayo kukuba, yayichasa intiyo yabaphambukeli nangona oku kwayixabisa kakhulu abavoti abaqhankqalazayo; I-400,000 itshintshe ukusuka eKhohlo ukuya kwi-AfD.
Inye intuthuzelo; eBerlin, apho iphantsi korhulumente womanyano wasekhaya, eKhohlo wenza kakuhle, ngakumbi e-East Berlin, aphinda anyule abaviwa abane ngokuthe ngqo kwaye esondela ngakumbi kunangaphambili kwezinye iidolophu ezimbini, ngelixa amaqela omkhosi asekhohlo eWest Berlin afumana ngaphezulu kunangaphambili. Iinqaba zaseMpuma Berlin.
Kwinqanaba lesizwe uphuhliso olumangalisayo luseza kwenzeka. Ekubeni i-SPD iyala ukuvuselela umfelandawonye ongonwabanga kunye neqela eliphindwe kabini likaMerkel, uya kunyanzeliswa, ukuba afumane uninzi lwezihlalo kwi-Bundestag, ukujoyina zombini ishishini elikhulu le-FDP kunye ne-Greens ekrazukileyo. Bobabini abathandani ngokusuka entliziyweni, ngelixa uninzi lweengcambu zengca eziluhlaza zichasa isivumelwano kunye neMerkel okanye i-FDP elinganayo. Ngaba abo bathathu bangakwazi ukuhlangana kunye benze into ebizwa ngokuba yi “Jamaica coalition”- ngokusekwe kwimibala yeflegi yelo lizwe, emnyama (CDU-CSU), emthubi (FDP) kunye noLuhlaza? Ukuba akunjalo, kuthini ke ngoko? Ekubeni kungekho mntu uya kujoyina i-AfD ekude-ekunene - okwangoku, kunjalo - akukho sisombululo sibonakalayo, okanye mhlawumbi sinokwenzeka.
Umbuzo omkhulu, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, ucace kakhulu; ingaba kuyakwenzeka ukutyhalela ngasemva umngcipheko wepati ezaliswe zii-echoes zexesha elidlulileyo eloyikekayo nelizele ngabantu abalincomayo, abasoloko befuna ngokuphandle ukuphinda livele kwakhona, kwaye bakulungele ukusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela yokufezekisa amaphupha abo amabi. Yaye ngaba, njengenxalenye yokoyiswa kwesi sisongelo, iingozi ezinjalo ezizayo kuxolo lwehlabathi zinokushenxiswa?
