Ingxelo yaseMaryland ilahlekisa uLuntu kwiPFAS ungcoliseko kwiioysters

Ngu-Leila Marcovici kunye noPat Elder, ngo-Novemba 16, 2020

ukusuka Iityhefu zomkhosi

NgoSeptemba 2020, iSebe lezendalo eMaryland (MDE) lakhupha ingxelo enomxholo othi “St. UMary's River Pilot Study of PFAS eyenzeka kuManzi angaphezulu kunye neeMbatyisi. ” (Isifundo sePilas Pilot) ehlalutye amanqanaba e-per-and poly fluoroalkyl izinto (PFAS) kumanzi olwandle kunye neembatyisi. Ngokukodwa, iPFAS Pilot Study igqibe kwelokuba nangona iPFAS ikho kumanzi olwandle eSt. Mary's River, ugxininiso "luphantsi kakhulu komngcipheko wokusekwa kwezolonwabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweembatyisi."

Ngelixa ingxelo isenza ezi zigqibo zibanzi, iindlela zohlalutyo kunye nesiseko seendlela zokuhlola ezisetyenziswa yi-MDE ziyathandabuzeka, zikhokelela ekulahlekiseni uluntu, kwaye zibonelela ngengqondo yenkohliso kunye nobuxoki yokhuseleko.

I-PFAS lusapho lweekhemikhali eziyityhefu kwaye ezingapheliyo ezifumaneka kwiimveliso zorhwebo. Ziyakhathaza ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba "ziikhemikhali ezingunaphakade" zinetyhefu, azonakalisi kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye zandisa ingqokelela yokutya. Enye yeekhemikhali ezingaphezu kwe-6,000 ze-PFAS yi-PFOA, eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza iDuPont's Teflon, kunye ne-PFOS, ngaphambili kwi-3M's Scotchgard kunye ne-foam yokulwa nomlilo. I-PFOA iphelisiwe e-US, nangona ihlala igcwele emanzini okusela. Banxulunyaniswa nomhlaza, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, isifo se-thyroid, ukukhuselwa komntwana buthathaka kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. I-PFAS ihlalutywa ngokukodwa kwiindawo ngetriliyoni endaweni yeebhiliyoni, njengezinye ityhefu, ezinokwenza ukuba ezi zinto zidibanise izinto zikhohlise.
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Isiphelo se-MDE sifikelela kwiziphumo ezifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwidatha eyiyo eqokelelweyo kwaye isilela kwimigangatho eyamkelekileyo yesayensi kunye neyorhwebo kwimida eliqela.

Isampulu yeOyster

Olunye uphononongo lwenziwe kwaye kwaxelwa kwiPFAS Pilot Study kuvavanywa kwaye kwaxelwa kubukho be-PFAS kwizicubu zeembatyisi. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa yiLebhu yeAlfa yoHlahlelo lwaseMansfield, eMassachusetts.
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Uvavanyo olwenziwe yiLebhu yoHlahlelo lukaAlpha lwalunomda wokubhaqwa kweembatyisi kwimicroogram nganye ngekhilogremu (1 /g / kg) elingana nenxalenye enye kwibhiliyoni, okanye iinxalenye eziliwaka ngetriliyoni. (ppt.) Ngenxa yoko, njengoko into nganye ye-PFAS ifunyanwa ngokwahlukeneyo, indlela yohlalutyo esetyenzisiweyo khange ikwazi ukufumana nayiphi na enye ye-PFAS ngesixa esingaphantsi kwamalungu e-1 kwitriliyoni. Ubukho be-PFAS bongezwa; ke izixa zekhompawundi nganye zongezwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zifike kwi-PFAS iyonke ekhoyo kwisampulu.

Iindlela zokuhlalutya zokufumanisa imichiza ye-PFAS iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. IQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo (i-EWG) lithathe iisampulu zamanzi etephu kwiindawo ezingama-44 kwiindawo ezingama-31 kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye zaxela iziphumo kwishumi kwitriliyoni. Umzekelo, amanzi eNew Brunswick, kwi-NC aqulathe i-185.9 ppt ye-PFAS.

Abaqeshwa bakaRhulumente boXanduva lokusiNgqongileyo, (i-PEER) (ezichaziweyo apha ngezantsi) basebenzise iindlela zohlalutyo ezikwaziyo ukufumana amanqanaba e-PFAS kumanani aphantsi njenge-200 - 600 ppt, kwaye ii-Eurofins ziphuhlise iindlela zohlalutyo ezinomda wokubona we-0.18 ng / g I-PFAS (i-180 ppt) kwi-crab kunye neentlanzi kunye ne-0.20 ng / g PFAS (200 ppt) kwi-oyster. (Ii-Eurofins zeLancaster Laboratories Env, LLC, Ingxelo yoHlahlelo, yoNTANGA, Iprojekthi yabathengi / iSiza: iSt Mary's 10/29/2020)
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Ngokuhambelana, umntu kufuneka azibuze ukuba kutheni i-MDE iqeshe u-Alpha Analytical ukulawula isifundo se-PFAS ukuba imida yokufumanisa yeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphezulu kakhulu.
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Ngenxa yokuba imida yokufunyanwa kweemvavanyo ezenziwa yiAlpha Analytical iphezulu kakhulu, iziphumo zePFAS nganye kwisampulu yeembatyisi "zazingaziboni" (ND). Ubuncinci i-14 PFAS yavavanywa kwisampulu nganye yesicubu seoyster, kwaye isiphumo sayo ngasinye saxelwa njenge-ND. Ezinye iisampulu zavavanywa i-PFAS ezahlukeneyo ezingama-36, zonke ezo zixela i-ND. Nangona kunjalo, i-ND ayithethi ukuba akukho PFAS kunye / okanye akukho bungozi kwezempilo. I-MDE emva koko inika ingxelo yokuba isixa se-14 okanye i-36 ND yi-0.00. Oku kukuchazwa gwenxa kwenyani. Kungenxa yokuba ukugxila kwe-PFAS kuyongezwa njengoko kunxulumene nempilo yoluntu, ngokucacileyo ke ukongezwa kwe-14 yoxinzelelo nje ngaphantsi komda wokubona kunokulingana isixa ngaphezulu kwenqanaba elikhuselekileyo. Ngokuhambelana, ingxelo yengubo yokuba akukho bungozi kwimpilo yoluntu ngokusekwe ekufumanekeni kwe "non-detect" xa ubukho be-PFAS emanzini buyaziwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ayigqibekanga okanye ayinaxanduva.

NgoSeptemba, i-2020 Eurofins-egunyaziswe nguMbutho wase-St Mary's Watershed Association kunye nezemali ezixhaswe ngu Ukuvavanywa kontanga iimbatyisi ezivela kwiSt Mary's River naseSt Inigoes Creek. Iimbatyisi kuMlambo iSt. Mary's, zithatyathwe ngqo eChurch Point, naseSt.Inigoes Creek, ngokukodwa ezithathwe eKelley, zafunyanwa zinamalungu angaphezu kwewaka lezigidi (i-ppt) nganye. I-Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) kunye ne-Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) yafunyanwa kwii-oyster ze-Kelley, ngelixa i-1,000: 6 i-Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (2: 6 FTSA) yafunyanwa kwi-oyster yeCawa Point. Ngenxa yamanqanaba asezantsi e-PFAS, inani ngqo le-PFAS nganye kwakunzima ukubalwa kodwa uluhlu lwayo nganye lwalubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Into enomdla kukuba, i-MDE khange ivavanye rhoqo iisampulu zeembatyisi kwiseti efanayo ye-PFAS. I-MDE ivavanye izicubu zeoyster kunye notywala kwiisampulu ezili-10. Iitafile 7 kunye ne-8 zePFAS Pilot Study zibonisa ukuba iisampulu ezi-6 zazikhona hayi kuhlalutywe i-PFBA, i-PRPeA, okanye i-6: 2 i-FTSA (ikhompawundi efanayo ne-1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (6: 2FTS)), ngelixa iisampulu ezine zavavanyelwa ezi zinto zintathu zibuyisa iziphumo "ezingakhange zibone . ” Isifundo sePilAS Pilot asinayo nayiphi na inkcazo yokuba kutheni iisampulu zeembatyisi zavavanyelwa ezi PFAS ngelixa ezinye iisampulu zazingekho. I-MDE inika ingxelo yokuba i-PFAS ifunyenwe kumanqanaba asezantsi kuyo yonke indawo yokufunda kunye nokugxila kuye kwaxelwa kuyo okanye kufutshane neendlela zokufumana. Ngokucacileyo, imida yokufunyanwa kweendlela eziqeshwe luphando lweAlpha Analytical zaziphezulu kakhulu xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba iPerfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) yafunyanwa phakathi kwama-200 nama-600 eetoni ngeetriliyoni kwiimbatyisi kufundo lwe-PEER, ngelixa ingakhange ifumaneke kwisifundo seAlpha Analytical .

Ukuvavanywa komphezulu wamanzi

Isifundo soPhando loMqhubi se-PFAS sikwachaze ngeziphumo zokuvavanywa komphezulu wamanzi we-PFAS. Ukongeza, ummi oxhalabileyo kunye nombhali weli nqaku, uPat Elder waseSt. Inigoes Creek, usebenze nesikhululo sebhayoloji saseYunivesithi yaseMichigan ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwamanzi kumanzi afanayo ngoFebruwari, 2020. Itshathi elandelayo ibonisa amanqanaba e-14 PFAS ii-analytic kwiisampulu zamanzi njengoko kuchaziwe yi-UM nakwi-MDE

Umlomo weSt. Inigoes Creek Kennedy Bar - North Shore

ND-Akukho bhaqo
<2 - Ngaphantsi komda wokubona

Uhlalutyo lwe-UM lufumene i-1,894.3 ppt iyonke emanzini, ngelixa iisampulu ze-MDE zifikelela kwi-4.33 ppt, nangona kubonisiwe ngentla kwesininzi se-analytikhi ezifunyenwe yi-MDE ukuba yi-ND. Eyona nto imangalisayo, iziphumo ze-UM zibonise i-1,544.4 ppt ye-PFOS ngelixa iimvavanyo ze-MDE zixele "Akukho kufunyanwa." Iikhemikhali ezilishumi ze-PFAS ezifunyenwe yi-UM zabuya zathi "Akukho bhaqo" okanye azange zihlalutywe yi-MDE. Olu thelekiso luqondisa umntu kumbuzo ocacileyo othi “kutheni” Kutheni le nto elebhu ingakwaziyo ukufumana i-PFAS emanzini ngelixa enye ikwazi ukwenza njalo? Lo ngomnye wemibuzo emininzi ephakanyiswe ziziphumo ze-MDE. Isifundo sePFAS Pilot Study sivelise ukuba "amanzi asemngciphekweni wokujonga amanzi kunye neembatyisi zeembatyisi zeoyster" zeentlobo ezimbini zePFAS - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) kunye nePerfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS). ). Isiphelo seMDE sisekwe kwisibalo seekhompawundi ezimbini kuphela - iPFOA + PFOS.

Kwakhona, le ngxelo ayinayo nayiphi na ingcaciso yokuba kutheni ezi zinto zimbini kuphela zikhethwe kwimigaqo yokuhlola, kunye nentsingiselo yegama "Amanzi asemngciphekweni osekwe kumphezulu wamanzi kunye neenqobo zokuvavanywa kwezicubu zeembatyisi. "

Ke ngoko, uluntu lushiywe ngomnye umbuzo oqaqambileyo: kutheni i-MDE inciphisa ukugqitywa kwezi zinto zimbini kuphela xa uninzi luye lwafunyanwa, kwaye uninzi ngakumbi luyakwazi ukubonwa xa usebenzisa indlela enomda omncinci wokufumanisa ubuncinci?

Kukho izikhewu kwindlela yokusebenza esetyenziswa yi-MDE ekunikezeleni izigqibo zayo, kunye nokungahambelani kunye nokusilela kwengcaciso malunga nokuba kutheni iikhompawundi ezahlukileyo zePFAS zivavanywa phakathi kweesampulu nakulo lonke uvavanyo. Ingxelo ayichazi ukuba kutheni iisampulu ezithile zingahlolisiswanga ngaphezulu okanye ezimbalwa iikhompawundi kunezinye iisampulu.

I-MDE iqukumbela ngelithi, “uqikelelo lwamngcipheko wokuvezwa komngcipheko wokuzonwabisa ngamanzi lwalungaphantsi kakhulu I-MDE yesiza esithile somhlaba sokuzonwabisa sokusebenzisa amanzi, ”Kodwa ayiniki nkcazo icacileyo yokuba kubandakanya ntoni le ndlela yokuhlola. Oku akuchazwanga kwaye ke akunako ukuvavanywa. Ukuba iyindlela efanelekileyo esekwe kwisayensi, indlela yokusebenza kufuneka inikwe kwaye icaciswe icacisa isiseko senzululwazi Ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo olwaneleyo, kubandakanya indlela echaziweyo kunye nokuchazwa, kunye nokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezinakho ukuvavanya ukugxila kumanqanaba asezantsi afunekayo kuhlalutyo olo, Oko kubizwa ngokuba sisiphelo kunika isikhokelo esincinci esinokuthenjwa luluntu.

Uleila Kaplus Marcovici, Esq. ligqwetha elisemthethweni lobunini kunye namavolontiya eSierra Club, eNew Jersey Isahluko. UPat Elder ngumzabalazo wendalo esingqongileyo kwisiXeko iSt. Mary, MD kunye namavolontiya eQela leLizwe leToics laseSierra Club