NguPat Mdala, Oktobha 27, 2020
ukusuka Iityhefu zomkhosi
Umkhosi utyhefa amanzi aseMaryland kunye nokutya kwaselwandle. Makhe siwavavanye amanzi kwezi ndawo ukuze sibone ukuba mabi kangakanani na.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo isebe lezendalo laseMaryland likhutshiwe ingxelo engafumananga sizathu se-alamu malunga nobukho be-PFAS kuMlambo i-St.
Iikhemikhali, ngokwe-kunye ne-poly fluoroalkyl substances, inxulunyaniswe nomhlaza kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komntwana.
ISt. Mary's River Pilot Study yePFAS eyenzeka kuManzi angaphezulu kunye neeOysters yagqiba kwelokuba nangona iPFAS ikhona kumanzi amaza oMlambo iSt. indlela.”
Ivakala iqinisekisa.
Ngelishwa, le ngxelo ifikelela kwizigqibo ezithatyathwe kwingxelo ebezisekwe kuhlalutyo lwePFOA kunye nePFAS kuphela. Ingxelo iqulethe idatha engaphelelanga kunye novavanyo olungaphelelanga kuyo yonke iPFAS. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, imida yokubona kolu phononongo ibekwe kwi-1 ug/kg. Yimakhrogram enye ngekhilogram kwaye le yinto engenamsebenzi!
I-1 ug / kg iyafana ne-1 inxalenye yebhiliyoni kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba iingxenye ze-1,000 nge-trillion. Oku kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ilizwe laseMaryland lithi kulungile ukutya iimbatyisi ukuba ziqulathe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 lamalungu ngetriliyoni nganye kuba abakhange bazikhathaze ngokuvavanya kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-1,000 ppt.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lweembatyisi eSt Mary's River naseSt Inigoes Creek lwenziwa egameni loMbutho waseSt. ONtanga.
Iimbatyisi kuMlambo i-St. Mary's nase-St. Inigoes Creek zifunyenwe zineenxalenye ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 ngetriliyoni nganye (ppt) yeekhemikhali eziyityhefu kakhulu. IiOyster zahlalutywa yi-Eurofins, inkokeli yehlabathi kuvavanyo lwePFAS.
ISikolo saseHarvard seMpilo yoLuntu kunye namaziko enzululwazi aphambili kwihlabathi liphela asixelela ukuba singatyi ngaphezulu kwe-1 ppt yezi zinto yonke imihla. Ezi khemikhali zikumbutho wazo. Zihlalutywa kumacandelo ngetriliyoni yetriliyoni kunokuba kumacandelo ebhiliyoni njengezinye ii-carcinogens.
Amazwe amaninzi enze imithetho enciphisa amanqanaba ePFAS emanzini okusela ukuya kwi-20 ppt. Enye iimbatyisi eqhotsiweyo eSt. Konke ukutya kwaselwandle kwindawo yamanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba kungcoliseke. Abasetyhini baseMaryland abanokuthi bakhulelwe akufuneki batye ukutya kwaselwandle kwendawo.
Ukuvavanya Amanzi
Kufuneka sivavanye amanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle kufutshane nemigaqo yeenqwelomoya kwaye sitshise imingxuma kufakelo lomkhosi kwindawo yamanzi yaseChesapeake. Asikwazi ukuthembela emkhosini kwaye asinakuthemba urhulumente ukuba anyaniseke.
Amanzi angaphezulu kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphuma kwiziseko zomkhosi aqulethe awona manqanaba aphezulu etyhefu ye-per- kunye ne-poly fluoroalkyl substances, (PFAS) emhlabeni. Izinto eziphilayo ziqokelelana entlanzini, amaxesha amaninzi ngamaxesha angamawaka aliqela emanzini.
Amawaka emilambo kunye nemilambo kwilizwe liphela kufutshane neziseko zomkhosi athwele amanqanaba aphezulu ayingozi etyhefu. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi zifunyenwe zineenxalenye ezingaphezu kwesigidi kwitriliyoni nganye kufutshane neziseko zomkhosi kwaye ezinye zineenxalenye ezingaphezu kwe-10 lezigidi kwitriliyoni nganye. Ukutya ukutya kwaselwandle kumanzi angcolisekileyo yeyona ndlela iphambili apho iPFAS ingena emizimbeni yethu. Amanzi okusela angcolileyo yimizuzwana ekude.
Iindawo ezisixhenxe zamanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi: i-Aberdeen, i-Fort Meade, i-Naval Academy, i-Chesapeake Beach, i-JB Andrews, i-Indian Head, kunye ne-Pax River zikhethwe ngenxa yokuba zikufutshane nokusetyenziswa okubhaliweyo kwe-PFAS-egcwele amagwebu okulwa nomlilo. Bonke baye bajongwa kwaye iisampulu zamanzi aqukuqelayo ukusuka kwiziseko ziyafikeleleka eluntwini.
Ilizwe laseMaryland lisengozini kakhulu ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lofakelo lomkhosi kwindawo exineneyo yaseMaryland Chesapeake. Isebe lezeNdalo laseMaryland lisemva kwamazwe amaninzi ekuthatheni amanyathelo okukhusela uluntu kwesi sibetho.
Kukho ubuncinci abangama-94 abasebenzayo kunye/okanye abavaliweyo ufakelo lomkhosi kurhulumente. (Jonga i-excel spreadsheet: "Iziseko zoMkhosi waseMaryland". I-23 yezi ndawo iqinisekisile okanye "ikrokrela" ukusetyenziswa kwePFAS yiDOD. Kuxhomekeke kurhulumente ukukhusela abahlali bayo kunye ne-EPA ecaleni. Inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukuphehlelela inkqubo yovavanyo oluqatha lokuhlola amanqanaba ezi “khemikhali zanaphakade” kolu fakelo lwasemkhosini, ngakumbi apho umkhosi uvuma ukuba izinto zisetyenzisiwe.
Naba abadlali abanzima:
I-Aberdeen Proening Ground
Ukusuka kwiNgxelo yoMkhosi ka-2017 eAberdeen:
“Kukho imingcipheko kwisiza ukusuka kumhlaba nakumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Imingcipheko yomhlaba kwimpilo yabantu yayichazwa ikakhulu ngeendawo ezitshisayo ngelothe kwindawo yangaphambili yoqeqesho lomlilo; ezinye iindawo ezishushu zinzulu kangangeemitha ezili-14 (okanye kufuphi netafile yamanzi). Kukho imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo enokubakho kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwindawo yokuLahla iNgxobhozo yeBurn Residue (BRDA).
Ngaphandle koku, uMkhosi awupapashanga nto ngokusetyenziswa kwePFAS eAberdeen. Ukuba amanqanaba okungcoliseka kweqela lezinye iikhemikhali ezinetyhefu elahlwe ngokungenankathalo kwi-bay e-Aberdeen nalo naluphi na uphawu, isiseko, esimi kufutshane nomthombo wechweba elikhulu laseChesapeake, sikhupha izixa ezingcolileyo zePFAS.
Fort George G. Meade
Inkathazo enkulu ecaleni koMlambo i-Little Patuxent-I-Red X ibonisa indawo yoqeqesho lomlilo e-Fort Meade. Imi malunga nesiqingatha sekhilomitha ukusuka emlanjeni. Imithombo yokubeka iliso kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba apho i-AFFF yayisetyenziswa rhoqo ibonisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba angcolisekile nge-87,000 ppt. I-PFAS kukholelwa ukuba ingena kuMlambo i-Little Patuxent.
I-Annapolis-Isikolo saManzi sase-US
Umkhosi wamanzi uthi uvavanya i-PFAS kwindawo ephambili yeSikhululo seNaval Station. Asinazo iziphumo kwaye asiqinisekanga ukuba siya kubathemba ukuba besinazo, siqwalasela irekhodi loMkhosi waManzi. Ukubheja kwethu okuzimeleyo kukuqokelela isampulu yamanzi kuMlambo waseSevern yiNaval Station Lagoon Primary Spillway Discharge Outfall.
Kumaqula angama-54 kuma-68 avavanywe ngumkhosi e-Annapolis, ukugxilwa kwePFAS kwafunyaniswa ukuba kudlula i-70 ppt kwaye ezinye zarekhodwa kwi-70,000 ppt., Iwaka eliphindwe kabini kunamanqanaba obomi obunyusiweyo be-EPA. Olona sulelo lubi lufunyenwe eBay Head Park, kufutshane neTheatre yaBantwana yase-Annapolis. Lo mmandla wawukhe wayindawo yokuvavanya isixhobo soMkhosi. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba afunyenwe kwi-70,000 ppt apha. Amanzi angaphezulu aphumela kwiChesapeake Bay.
khangela I-Arundel Patriot, elinye lamaphephandaba ezinkulu karhulumente ezizimeleyo.
I-Joint Base Andrews
Umkhosi womoya upapashe iziphumo zamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ezibonisa ungcoliseko lwePFAS kwi-40,200 ppt. Ukugadwa komlambo okufutshane nocingo lwesiseko kubonise iindawo ezigqunywe ngamagwebu amhlophe ngo-Agasti, 2020. Umlambo ungena kwi-Potomac kwi-National Colonial Farm e-Piscataway Park.
Iziko leMfazwe yoMdazo waseLwandle-iNtloko yaseIndiya
Intloko yaseIndiya inokuba yenye yezona ndawo zingcoliseke kakhulu kwizindlu nezindlu elizweni. Isiza sama-71 sasetyenziswa njengendawo yokutshisa iinjongo zoqeqesho lomlilo. Intloko yaseIndiya idwelise oku "njengendawo yenkxalabo" yokusetyenziswa kwe-AFFF equlethe iPFAS. Abakawavezi amanqanaba okungcoliseka kwePFAS. Iindawo ezisecaleni kweMattawoman Creek emazantsi ngamanye amaxesha ziba nogwebu oluqokelelana ngaselunxwemeni. Amanzi emlanjeni nasemlanjeni kufuneka avavanywe.
ILabhoratri yoPhando lweNaval yaseChesapeake Beach
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kufutshane nomgodi womlilo ngaphakathi kwendawo etyheli abonise i-241,000 ppt yePFOS. Indawo isetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo nguNavy ukususela ngo-1968. Abahlali babucala kwi-Karen Drive, nje ngeenyawo ze-1,200, banamanzi okusela angazange avavanyelwe i-toxins. Iisampulu zamanzi angaphezulu kufuneka zithathwe kwi-bay kunye nemisinga equkuqela kude nesiseko.
Isikhululo soMoya saseLwandle sasePatuxent River
Nangona uMkhosi waManzi ukhuphe idatha ebonisa i-1,137.8 ppt ye-PFAS kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwikona esezantsi-ntshona yesiseko, awukawachazi amanqanaba aphezulu eetyhefu ekukholelwa ukuba zikumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kufutshane nomngxuma otshileyo eHog Point okanye kufutshane neehangars ezininzi apho. Izixokelelwano zocinezelo ezifakwe ugwebu ngaphezulu bezivavanywa rhoqo kwaye zisoloko zingasebenzi kakuhle.
Umkhosi wamanzi walile ukuvavanya amaqula oluntu lwase-Afrika lwaseMelika eHermanville kufutshane nesiphambuka se-MD RT 235 kunye neHermanville Rd. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMaryland liye lala ukuvavanya amaqula abucala ngaphandle kwesiseko esithi bayasithemba isigwebo soMkhosi waManzi kule miba.
