Ukwenza Okungenakwenzeka

NguRichard Sandbrook, nge-6 ka-Okthobha, ngo-2020

ukusuka Progressive Futures Blog

Imingeni ibonakala isongamela. Ukufumana izixhobo zenyukliya phantsi kolawulo ngaphambi kokuba zisitshabalalise, ukuthintela ukunyibilika kwemozulu kunye nokutshabalala kwezilwanyana ezingaxelwanga, ukungcolisa ubuzwe bobuzwe, ukwakha kwakhona ikhontrakthi yentlalontle efikelela kubulungisa bobuhlanga kunye nomgangatho, kunye nokuhambisa utshintsho oluzenzekelayo kwiindlela ezixhasa uluntu: ezi ngxaki zinxulumeneyo ukubhidanisa ukuntsonkotha kwabo kunye nemiqobo yezopolitiko kwiinguqu ezifunekayo zenkqubo.

Ngaba amatsha ntliziyo aqhubela phambili angasabela njani ngempumelelo nangokukhawuleza? Ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi, kuyaqondakala ukuba abantu bazixakekise ngocelomngeni lwemihla ngemihla lokuphila nobhubhane. Leliphi elona qhinga lithembisayo kwezi meko zinzima? Ngaba sinokukwenza okungenakwenzeka?

Ezopolitiko njengesiqhelo Azanelanga

Ukuxhomekeka kwipolitiki yonyulo kunye nokungeniswa kweenkcazo ezichukumisayo kumagosa anyuliweyo kunye neendaba ezidumileyo ziyimisebenzi eyimfuneko, kodwa ayanelanga njengesicwangciso esisebenzayo. Umkhamo weenguqu ezifunekayo ufikeleleke kakhulu ekuthatheni kancinci kancinci kwezopolitiko njengesiqhelo. Izindululo ezinzulu zidibana nokugwetywa ngamajelo eendaba abucala kunye namaqela agcinayo, zinkcenkceshelwa ngabaququzeleli kunye namaphulo ezimvo zoluntu, kwaye acele umngeni kwimodus operandi yamaqela anenkqubela phambili (anje ngeBritish Labour Party, iDemocratic Party e-US) , amaziko afuna ukumodareyithwa ukuze abhenele kumbindi wezopolitiko. Ngeli xesha, amazwi e-right-wing populism akhula ngakumbi. Ipolitiki njengesiqhelo ayonelanga.

Isilogeni se-Extinction Rebellion 'imvukelo okanye ukuphela' sisikhomba kwezopolitiko ezisebenza ngempumelelo - ukuba nje uvukelo luqondwa njengeliphelele kwizenzo zezopolitiko ezingenabundlobongela ezihambelana nezithethe zedemokhrasi. Kodwa izenzo ngokwazo ziya kuba yinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu kakhulu yokwakha inkxaso phakathi kwamacandelo amkelayo abantu kunye nokwakha umanyano lweentshukumo ezinamandla kangangokuba umyalezo wayo odibeneyo awunakungahoywa. Umanyano lunokwakhiwa kuphela kwiprogram edibanisa iinjongo zeentshukumo zomcimbi omnye. Kufuneka sitshintshe i-cacophony yamazwi ngomculo omnye.

Kufuneka: Umbono oManyanisayo

Ukwakha loo ntshukumo imanyeneyo ngumsebenzi omkhulu. 'Inkqubela phambili' ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi - iinkululeko zasekhohlo, idemokhrasi kwezentlalo, usoshiyali beentengiselwano ezahlukeneyo, ubuhlanga, amalungelo oluntu kunye nabaxhasi bobulungisa boqoqosho, imibutho ethile yabasebenzi, uninzi lwamafeminist, uninzi lwemibutho yemveli, uninzi (kodwa ingengabo bonke) abalweli bemozulu, kunye uninzi lwabalweli boxolo. Abaqhubekileyo bafumana okuninzi abangavumelaniyo ngako. Bayahluka ngokumalunga ubume bengxaki engundoqo (ingaba bubukhapitali, i-neoliberalism, i-impiriyali, i-patriarchy, ubuhlanga obucwangcisiweyo, i-authoristism, amaziko edemokhrasi angasebenzi kakuhle, ukungalingani, okanye indibaniselwano ethile?)izisombululo ezifunekayo. Ukufika kwamva nje kwe I-Progressive International ukuzimisela ukwenza umanyano phakathi kwabaqhubela phambili kwihlabathi nangona kukho iyantlukwano, luphawu olwamkelekileyo. “I-Internationalism okanye Ukuphela”, isihloko esixhokonxayo kwingqungquthela yayo yokuqala ngoSeptemba 2020, ingqina umnqweno wayo.

Yeyiphi inkqubo ebekwe kakuhle yokumanyanisa iinkxalabo zomcimbi omnye weentshukumo eziqhubekayo? I-Green New Deal (GND) iya ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo. The IManifesto yeLeap, umanduleli wale nkqubo eKhanada, iqulethe uninzi lwamacandelo. Baye baquka ukutshintshela kwi-100% yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2050, ukwakhiwa koluntu olunobulungisa kwinkqubo, ukumiselwa kweendlela eziphezulu, kunye neendlela ezintsha, iirhafu, kunye nentshukumo yengca yokubuyisela utshintsho olufunekayo kunye nokuqinisa idemokhrasi. Izivumelwano eziNtsha eziHlaza, okanye iinkqubo ezinamagama afanayo, zamkelwe ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwi-European Green Deal, ukuya kwezo zoorhulumente belizwe kunye namaqela amaninzi anenkqubela phambili kunye neentshukumo zentlalo. Iqondo lamabhongo liyahluka, nangona kunjalo.

I-Green New Deal inika umbono olula nonomtsalane. Abantu bayacelwa ukuba bacinge ngehlabathi - kungekhona i-Utopia, kodwa ihlabathi elinokufezekiswa - eliluhlaza, elinobulungisa, lentando yesininzi kunye nenkqubela phambili yokuxhasa ubomi obuhle kubo bonke. Ingqiqo ithe ngqo. Iintlekele zemozulu ezizayo kunye nokupheliswa kweentlobo kufuna inguqu yendalo, kodwa oku akunakufezekiswa ngaphandle kotshintsho olunzulu lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ii-GNDs azibandakanyi nje ukuhlengahlengisa uqoqosho ukuze kuphunyezwe ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni enguziro kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi okanye emibini, kodwa kwanotshintsho olulungileyo oluya kuzinzo apho uninzi lwabantu luxhamlayo kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho. Imisebenzi elungileyo kwabo baphulukene notshintsho, imfundo yasimahla kunye noqeqesho ngokutsha kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukhathalelo lwempilo jikelele, ukuhamba koluntu simahla kunye nobulungisa kumaqela emveli kunye nobuhlanga zezinye zeziphakamiso eziqukwe yile nkqubo idibeneyo.

Umzekelo, i-GND exhaswa ngu-Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez kunye no-Ed Markey ngendlela Isisombululo kwiNdlu yaBameli baseMelika ngo-2019, ilandela le ngqiqo. Ichaswa njengeyelenqe lobuSoshiyali, isicwangciso sikufutshane a Isivumelwano esitsha seRooseveltian kwinkulungwane yama-21. Imemelela 'iminyaka eli-10 yentlangano yesizwe' ukuphumeza i-100% yamandla ahlaziyekayo, utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye noqoqosho olungenakhabhoni, kunye nemisebenzi kubo bonke abafuna ukusebenza. Okuhamba nolu tshintsho yimilinganiselo exhaphakileyo kwintlalontle yaseNtshona: inkathalelo yezempilo yehlabathi jikelele, imfundo ephakamileyo yasimahla, izindlu ezifikelelekayo, amalungelo abasebenzi aphuculweyo, isiqinisekiso somsebenzi, nezicombululo zobuhlanga. Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho echasene nokuthembana kuya kuthi, ukuba kuphumelele, kwenza buthathaka amandla ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko eeoligopolies. Singaxoxa malunga nenqanaba lotshintsho lwenkqubo olufunekayo. Nasiphi na isicwangciso esisebenzayo, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sifumane inkxaso ngombono wobomi obungcono, hayi uloyiko nje.

I-Conservatives, ngakumbi i-right-wing populists, iye yaba yi-climate-deniers, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu yi-socialist Trojan horse. Banyanisile ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-GND yiprojekthi eqhubela phambili, kodwa ukuba ngaba iprojekthi yobusoshiyali ngokuyimfuneko kuyaxoxwa. Ngokuyinxenye ixhomekeke kwingcaciso yomntu yesoshiyali. Ngenxa yomanyano kwiintshukumo ezahlukeneyo, loo ngxoxo yenye esifanele siyiphephe.

Ngamafutshane, kufuneka sinikele isigidimi sethemba sokuba ihlabathi elilunge ngakumbi alinakwenzeka nje kuphela kodwa likwanokuloyisa. Akunamsebenzi, nokuba kuchasene nemveliso, ukuhlala nje ucinga ngendlela elibi ngayo ithemba lomntu. Ukugxila kwizinto ezimbi kukubeka emngciphekweni ukukhubazeka kwentando. Kwaye ukushumayela kwabo baguqukileyo kunokusenza sizive kamnandi; nangona kunjalo, isebenza kuphela ukwakha ubumbano phakathi kweqela elincinci kwaye ubukhulu becala elingenampembelelo. Kufuneka sifunde ukubandakanya abantu abaqhelekileyo (ingakumbi abancinci) kule minyaka ilishumi ithatha isigqibo. Ayizukuba lula kuba abantu babethelwa ngolwazi oluvela macala onke kwaye bahlala bexhotyiswe kwisoyikiso se-coronavirus. Ixesha lokunikela ingqalelo lifutshane.

Kufuneka sibe ne iphupha, njengoMartin Luther King, yaye kwakhona njengoKumkani, elo phupha limele lichazwe ngokulula, libe nengqiqo kwaye libe yinyaniso. Kakade ke, asinayo imaphu yendlela eneenkcukacha yotshintsho olufanelekileyo. Kodwa siye savumelana kwicala ekufuneka sihambe ngalo, kunye nemibutho yezentlalo kunye nearhente eya kusiqhubela kwelo hlabathi lingcono. Simele sifikelele iintliziyo neengqondo zabantu. Impumelelo iya kuxhomekeka kumanyano olubanzi lweentshukumo.

IiPolitiko zeNtshukumo yeNtsebenziswano

Luya kukhangeleka njani olu manyano? Ngaba kuyacingeleka ukuba intshukumo enenkqubela phambili yeentshukumo inokuphuhla, ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe, ukutyhalela phambili i-ajenda efana neSivumelwano esitsha seGlobal Green? Umngeni mkhulu, kodwa ngaphakathi kwendawo enokwenzeka.

Eli xesha, emva koko, lelinye lemvukelo kunye nezenzo ezisezantsi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ingxaki enamacala amaninzi ezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nemekobume yendalo ikhuthaza ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko. Olona qhanqalazo lubanzi ukusukela ngo-1968 lwaqhambuka ngo-2019, kwaye eli liza laqhubeka ngo-2020, nangona ubhubhane. Uqhanqalazo lwagubungela amazwekazi amathandathu kunye namazwe ali-114, luchaphazela idemokhrasi ekhululekileyo kunye noozwilakhe. Njengoko URobin Wright ubona kwi INew Yorker NgoDisemba ka-2019, 'Iintshukumo ziye zavela ngobusuku, ngaphandle kwendawo, zikhupha umsindo woluntu kwihlabathi liphela - ukusuka eParis naseLa Paz ukuya ePrague nasePort-au-Prince, eBeirut, eBogota naseBerlin, eCatalonia ukuya eCairo, naseHong. Kong, Harare, Santiago, Sydney, Seoul, Quito, Jakarta, Tehran, Algiers, Baghdad, Budapest, London, New Delhi, Manila kunye neMoscow. Xa zidibene, uqhanqalazo lubonisa ukuhlangana kwezopolitiko okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili.' I-United States, umzekelo, iphantsi kolona dushe lwasekuhlaleni ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960s' amalungelo oluntu kunye noqhanqalazo oluchasene nemfazwe, olwabangelwa kukubulawa kwamapolisa uGeorge Floyd wase-Afrika-waseMelika ngoMeyi ka-2020. Olu qhankqalazo alubanga luqhanqalazo olukhulu kwihlabathi liphela. kodwa kananjalo uhlanganise inkxaso emandla ngaphandle koluntu oluntsundu.

Nangona izinto ezicaphukisayo zalapha (ezifana nokunyuswa kweentlawulo zokuhamba) ziphembelele uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela kwihlabathi jikelele, uqhanqalazo lukhuphe umsindo okhohlakeleyo. Umxholo oqhelekileyo wawungowokuba abaphezulu abazisebenzelayo bathathe amandla amaninzi kwaye bayalela umgaqo-nkqubo ekuzikhuliseni. Uvukelo oludumileyo lwabonisa, ngaphezu kwako konke, imfuneko yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwezivumelwano zentlalo ezaphukileyo kunye nokubuyisela ukuba semthethweni.

Sinokubona nje ukushukuma kwentshukumo yeentshukumo eziziqalelo zazo zihamba ngaphaya kokugxeka ukuya kwinkqubo ekhulayo edityanisiweyo yotshintsho lwesakhiwo. Imicu emikhulu ibandakanya imozulu/imibutho yendalo esingqongileyo, iBlack Lives Matter kunye nentshukumo enkulu yobulungisa bobuhlanga/yemveli, iintshukumo zobulungisa bezoqoqosho, kubandakanywa imibutho yabasebenzi, kunye nentshukumo yoxolo. Sele ndikhankanyile intshukumo yemozulu. Nangona iingcali zokusingqongileyo zithatha i-ideological spectrum, utshintsho lwemozulu olubalekayo kunye nemfuno yamanyathelo akhawulezileyo nasisiseko ajike abaninzi bajonga kwizikhundla ezibukhali zomgaqo-nkqubo. Njengoko uqhanqalazo lwandile kwihlabathi jikelele, i-Green New Deal inesibheno esicacileyo.  

Iimfuno zotshintsho lwesakhiwo ziye zavela phantsi kwebhanile ye Imiba ebomnyama. 'Ukubuyisela imali kumapolisa' kugxininise kumabango kungekuphela nje ekushenxisweni kwamapolisa ambalwa anocalucalulo kodwa kuqulunqwe amacandelo amatsha ukuphelisa ucalucalulo olucwangcisiweyo. 'Ukurhoxiswa kwerenti' kugxile kwimfuno yokuthatha izindlu njengelungelo lasekuhlaleni, hayi nje imveliso. Impendulo kule ngxubakaxaka iphakathi kweendlela, ngenkxaso yeBlack Lives Matter kuwo nawaphi na amaqela ahlukeneyo kunye noqhanqalazo olubandakanya amanani amakhulu abantu abamhlophe. Kodwa ngaba intshukumo yobulungisa bobuhlanga inokuba yinxalenye yentshukumo enkulu yenguqu enobulungisa? I iingcambu zenkqubo yobuhlanga, kuquka indima edlalwa ngamandla emarike ekwahluleni abantu ngokobuhlanga nasekwahluleni abantu, icebisa ukudityaniswa kwemidla. UMartin Luther King waluvuma olu luvo ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ekucaciseni intsingiselo yovukelo lwabantsundu. ngelo xesha: Imvukelo, wathi, 'ingaphezulu kakhulu kunomzabalazo wamalungelo amaNegro…. Ibhentsisa ububi obuzinze nzulu kulo lonke ulwakhiwo loluntu lwethu. Ityhila iziphene ezicwangcisiweyo kunezintsonkothileyo kwaye icebisa ukuba ulwakhiwo ngokutsha olugqibeleleyo loluntu ngokwalo ngowona mbandela ekufuneka kujongwe wona. Ku … kunyanzela iMelika ukuba ijongane nazo zonke iziphene zayo ezinxibeleleneyo – ubuhlanga, intlupheko, ukulwa, nokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo’. Iimanyano zamacandelo zakha ubumbano kolu lwazi malunga notshintsho olunokwenzeka lwenkqubo.

Iinjongo zabaphembeleli bemozulu kunye namaqela obulungisa bobuhlanga ayahambelana neemfuno ezininzi ezivela imibutho yobulungisa kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Olu luhlu lubandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo afana nemibutho yabasebenzi yamatsha ntliziyo, amaqela emveli (kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika ngokukodwa), abalwela amalungelo abantu abathandana nabangamafanasini, abakhankaseli bamalungelo oluntu, imibutho yentsebenziswano, amaqela enkolo eemvaba ngeemvaba ngeemvaba, kunye namaqela ajoliswe kumazwe ngamazwe. ubulungisa obubandakanya amalungelo eembacu kunye nabafuduki kunye nokudluliselwa kwemithombo ye-North-kufuna ukujongana ne-ecological kunye nokunye ukungalingani. I-GND inxulumanisa iimfuno kunye namalungelo abasebenzi, abantu bomthonyama kunye negcuntswana lobuhlanga. Imisebenzi eluhlaza, iziqinisekiso zemisebenzi, izindlu njengezinto ezilungileyo zoluntu, ukhathalelo lwempilo olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye nolwehlabathi jikelele zezinye zeenguqulelo ezingaguqukiyo ezithe zavela. Njengenqaku lakutshanje kwi ENew York Times kubonisiwe, ukhohlo emazantsi lulungisa ezopolitiko kwihlabathi liphela.

The intshukumo yoxolo yenza elinye icandelo lomanyano olunokubakho kwiziseko zoluntu. Ngo-2019, umngcipheko wokutshintshiselana ngenyukliya ngengozi okanye ngabom unyuke waya kwindawo ephezulu ukusukela ngo-1962. I-Bulletin ye-Atomic Scientists yayisa iClock yayo edumileyo yeDoomsday ukuya kwimizuzwana eli-100 phambi kwasezinzulwini zobusuku, ikhankanya ukwanda kwenyukliya kunye nokurhoxa kulawulo lwezixhobo njengokuqaqambisa umngcipheko wemfazwe yenyukliya. Izivumelwano zolawulo lwezixhobo kunye nokuthotywa kwezixhobo, ekuthethwe ngazo kabuhlungu kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo, ziyawohloka, ngenxa yokungathobeli kwe-US. Onke amagunya amakhulu enyukliya-i-United States, iRashiya neTshayina- aphucula izixhobo zawo zenyukliya. Kulo moya, i-US phantsi kukaTrump ifuna ukukhuthaza amahlakani ukuba ayijoyine kwiMfazwe ebandayo ejolise eTshayina. Izenzo ezisongelayo kunye neentetho ezijolise eVenezuela, i-Iran kunye neCuba kunye neendlela ezixhaphakileyo zokulwa ne-cyber-warfare idibanisa ingxabano yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye iye yavuselela imibutho yoxolo ngokubanzi.

Iinjongo zombutho woxolo, kunye nokudityaniswa kwawo njengentshukumo eMntla Melika phantsi koncedo lwe World Beyond War, bayisondeze kufutshane neminye imicu emithathu yomanyano olusakhulayo. Injongo yalo yokunciphisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokukhusela, ukurhoxisa ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezintsha, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweemali ezikhutshiweyo kukhuseleko lwabantu kubonisa inkxalabo yamalungelo oluntu kunye nokuchithwa. Ukhuseleko loluntu luchazwa njengokwandiswa kwamalungelo entlalo kunye nendalo. Kungoko kukho unxibelelwano namanyathelo obulungisa boqoqosho nentlalo. Ukongeza, amakhonkco phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko kwazisa imozulu kunye neentshukumo zoxolo kwingxoxo. Kwanotshintshiselwano oluncinci lwenyukliya luya kuqalisa ubusika benyukliya, kunye neziphumo ezingachazwanga zembalela, indlala kunye nosizi ngokubanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ngokutshabalalisa iindlela zokuphila kunye nokwenza ukuba imimandla yetropiki ingahlali mntu, ijongela phantsi amazwe abuthathaka kwaye yenze mandundu ungquzulwano olukhoyo lobuhlanga nezinye. Uxolo, ubulungisa kunye nozinzo ziya zibonakala zinxulunyaniswa ngokungenakwahlulwa. Eso sisiseko somanyano lomanyano kunye nokuxhasana kuqhanqalazo lombutho ngamnye.

Ukwenza into engenakwenzeka

Siphila kwiminyaka elishumi eqinisekileyo, sijongene nemingeni enzima ebeka engozini ikamva lazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Upolitiko njengesiqhelo kwiidemokhrasi ezikhululekileyo zibonakala zingakwazi ukububamba ubukhulu bemingeni okanye ukuthatha amanyathelo acacileyo ukuyilawula. Ikwayala ekhulayo yabalandeli besizwe abangoozwilakhe, kunye neethiyori zabo zeyelenqe ezicandeke ngokobuhlanga, zimisa umqobo omkhulu kwizisombululo ezinengqondo nezinobulungisa kwintlekele enamacala amaninzi. Kulo mxholo, imibutho eqhubela phambili yoluntu idlala indima esembindini eya isanda ekutyhaleleni utshintsho olufunekayo lwenkqubo. Umbuzo ngulo: ngaba umanyano lweentshukumo zomcimbi omnye lunokwakhiwa malunga nenkqubo efanayo ethintela zombini iUtopianism kunye nohlaziyo nje? Kwakhona, ngaba intshukumo yeentshukumo iya kufuna uqeqesho olwaneleyo ukuze ihlale ingenabundlobongela, ijolise ngokuthe gqolo ekungathobelini uluntu? Iimpendulo kuyo yomibini le mibuzo kufuneka zibe nguewe – ukuba siza kwenza okungenakwenzeka, kwenzeke.

URichard Sandbrook nguNjingalwazi oPhezulu weNzululwazi yezoPolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto. Iincwadi zamva nje ziquka ukuBuyiselwa kwakhona kweNhlohlo kuMzantsi weGlobal: iPolitics ye-Possible (2014), uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo nolwandisiweyo lwe-Civil Globalization: I-Survival Guide (co-co-editor kunye no-co-author, 2014), kunye neDemokhrasi yeNtlalo kwi-Global. I-periphery: Imvelaphi, imingeni, iProspects (co-author, 2007).