NguBrian Terrell
Ngomhla wama-26 kaMatshi, ndandiseNevada kwindima yam njengomququzeleli womsitho weNevada Desert Experience, ndilungiselela uHambo oluNgcwele loxolo lonyaka, uhambo lweemayile ezingama-65 entlango ukusuka eLas Vegas ukuya kwindawo yoVavanyo lwenyukliya eMercury, Nevada, isiganeko. ukuba i-NDE ixhase intwasahlobo nganye malunga neminyaka engama-30. Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe uhambo, imoto eninzi kuthi baququzeleli yalanda indlela.
Isikhululo sokugqibela kodwa esikuhambo lwemveli “yiNkampu yoXolo,” indawo esentlango apho sihlala sihlala khona ngobusuku bokugqibela ngaphambi kokuwela uHola we-95 ukuya kwindawo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yiNdawo yoKhuseleko lweSizwe yaseNevada. Ukufika kwethu apho sothuswa kukufumana yonke inkampu kunye nendlela ephuma kuyo ukuya kwiSiza soVavanyo singqongwe ngocingo olubiyelweyo lwekhephu leplastiki eliorenji.
Kwakungekho sizathu sicacileyo socingo kwaye akukho ndlela icacileyo yokungena enkampini, eyayiyindawo yokubonisa uqhanqalazo oluchasene nenyukliya iminyaka emininzi. Asizange nje sivalwe kwindawo yethu yenkampu yemveli, kwakungekho ndawo ikhuselekileyo, isemthethweni okanye efanelekileyo yokumisa izithuthi umgama omalunga nekhilomitha ukujikeleza, akukho ndawo apho sasinokuthi sibeke khona izixhobo zokusebenza okanye sivumele ukuwisa abo bathathi-nxaxheba kuqhankqalazo lwethu abangakwaziyo. yenza uhambo olude kumhlaba ongemhle. Besisaqala ukuvavanya ubunzima bolungiselelo kule meko intsha ibonakaliswe xa isekela likaNothimba leNye County lidlula.
Emva kokusilumkisa ngelithi akukho mthethweni ukumiswa endleleni njengoko sasinjalo, usekela-sekela wasivumela ukuba sihlale ngelixa echaza imeko njengoko wayeyibona. Ezinye izithonga ezinkulu eyunivesithi, wathi, zaqinisekisa iSebe lezoThutho laseNevada ukuba iKampu yoXolo yindawo ebalulekileyo yembali kwaye ayinakuphazanyiswa. Iingcingo zenyuka kwiveki nje okanye ngaphambi koko, watsho, elindele uHambo oluNgcwele loXolo. Izinto ezenziweyo zoqhanqalazo oludlulileyo azinakuvunyelwa ukuba ziphazanyiswe bubukho babaqhankqalazi bale mihla. Akukho mntu ngaphandle kwabembi bezinto zakudala, isekela lasixelela ukuba, uya kuze avunyelwe ukuba angene enkampini kwakhona. Isigqebelo salo mfanekiso asilahlekanga kuthi.
Ukubuyela eLas Vegas, ngokukhawuleza ndaqalisa ukubiza iiofisi ezahlukeneyo zeSebe lezoThutho, ngokukodwa amanani endiwafumene (ukumangaliswa) kwiofisi ye-DOT ye-archeology. Ndenze uphando lwewebhu kwimiba ejikeleze iKampu yoXolo kunye nembali yayo kwaye ndafumanisa ukuba kwi-2007, i-Bureau yase-US yoLawulo loMhlaba (i-BLM ibango lobunini bendawo) kunye ne-Nevada State Historic Preservation Office yayizimisele ukuba i-Peace Camp ifanelekile. udweliso kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali.
Ndafunda ngaphakathi I-Archaeology, upapasho lwe-Archaeological Institute of America, kunye nolunye upapasho ukuba ezinye ii-anthropologists ezivela kwi-Desert Research Institute ziye zaphanda indawo kwaye zenza ngempumelelo imeko yokuba i-Peace Camp ifanelekele ukudweliswa kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali. Ndifunde ukuba ukuze ufaneleke, indawo kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mfanelo: “a) unxulumano neziganeko eziye zanegalelo elikhulu kwiipatheni ezibanzi zembali yethu, kunye b) nokubonakaliswa kweempawu ezahlukileyo…ezinexabiso eliphezulu lobugcisa…”
Ngelixa iimpembelelo zolu bizo kuthi bezingekacaci, bekuvuyisa ukwazi ukuba ubuncinci ii-arhente ezikurhulumente kunye norhulumente waseburhulumenteni ziyayiqaphela, kunye noluntu oluthile lwe-anthropological, inyani yokuba isibini sezizukulwana ze-anuclear. amatsha ntliziyo “abe negalelo elikhulu kwiipatheni ezibanzi zembali yethu.” Uyilo, iisimboli kunye nemiyalezo echatshazelwa lulungiselelo lwamatye anemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ("i-geoglyphs," kwintetho ye-archaeology) kunye negraffiti ekrolwe kwiitonela eziphantsi kohola wendlela zivunywa ngokusemthethweni ukuba "zinexabiso eliphezulu lobugcisa" elifanele ukukhuselwa ngumthetho. !
Sasisele simkile eLas Vegas kuhambo lwethu lweentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwindawo yoVavanyo ngaphambi kokuba iminxeba ebuyayo evela kwii-arhente ezahlukeneyo iqinisekise ukuba usekela wayengayiqondi kakuhle imeko. Iingcingo azizange zifakwe ukukhusela iNkampu yoXolo kubenzi boxolo, kodwa njengenyathelo lexeshana lokuthintela ezinye iikontraka ezaziza kuqalisa ukulungiswa kwendlela ukuba zidlule kuyo ngezixhobo zabo ezinzima. Kwakuza kuvulelwa isango elucingweni ukuze singene. Ukupaka, ukumisa inkampu, ukubeka ikhitshi ebaleni, konke kuya kuvunyelwa njengangaphambili.
Ezi ndaba zaba sisiqabu. Besilindele kwaye sicebe ukujongana noLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya xa sifika kwiMercury nakwiSiza soVavanyo kwaye ngaphezu koko, silindele ukuba uninzi lwethu luza kubanjwa ngenxa yobugwenxa apho, ngaphandle kwemvume esiyinikwe liBhunga leSizwe le-Western Shoshone, abanini bomhlaba abasemthethweni. Asizange sinqwenele, nangona kunjalo, ukukhuphisana ne-Ofisi yoLondolozo lweMbali ye-Nevada State, kwaye ukubanjwa ngenxa yokuphazamisa indawo ye-archeological ayihambisani nokuziphatha okufanayo. ingabonisa njengomzabalazo ochasene nembubhiso enokubakho yenyukliya.
I-archeologist eyintloko yeSebe lezoThutho yayinamandla ngakumbi kuqikelelo lwakhe oluphezulu lokubaluleka kweKampu yoXolo. Ikampu yoXolo kuphela kwesiza sembali esichongiweyo e-Nevada, waqhayisa, engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Amava am ngeKampu yoXolo kunye neSiza soVavanyo, mhlawumbi angaphantsi kwembali. Ndakhe ndakhona kanye ngexesha eliphezulu loqhanqalazo phaya ngo-1987, kwakhona ngaxesha lithile ngeminyaka yoo-1990, emva koko ngokunyuka kwamaza emva koqhanqalazo oluchasene needrones eziqhutywa kwi-Creech Air Force Base ekufutshane yaqala ngo-2009. yeNkampu yoXolo njengendawo elunge ngakumbi yokuqalisa uqhanqalazo oluchasene novavanyo lwebhombu yenyukliya olwenziwa kwelinye icala likaHighway 95.
Amafu amakhowa kwiimvavanyo zokuqala eziqhutywe kwiSiza soVavanyo saseNevada sinokubonwa kude eLas Vegas. ISivumelwano soVavanyo esilinganiselweyo ngo-1963 sahambisa iimvavanyo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Nangona iUnited States ayizange ivume iSivumelwano soVavanyo esiBanzi soVavanyo oluBanzi, yamisa uvavanyo olupheleleyo ngo-1992, nangona uvavanyo lwezixhobo “lungaphantsi”, iimvavanyo eziyekayo kubunzima obunzima, zisaqhutywa kwisiza.
Ukususela ngowe-1986 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1994, kwabanjwa imiboniso engama-536 kwiNdawo yoVavanyo yaseNevada ebandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-37,488, kwabanjwa amatsha ntliziyo angama-15,740. Uninzi lwemiboniso yaloo minyaka yatsala amawaka ngaxeshanye. UHambo oluNgcwele loXolo lwalo nyaka kunye ne-3 ka-Aprili yethu elungileyo uLwesihlanu uqhankqalazo kwiSiza soVavanyo lwaluthozamile xa luthelekiswa, lunabathathi-nxaxheba abamalunga nama-50, yaye sasivuyiswa kukuba abangama-22 kwaba babanjwe emva kokuwela kwisiza.
Amanani ayeza kuvavanyo lokuqhanqalaza e-Nevada ehle kakhulu ngokuphela kovavanyo olupheleleyo apho, kwaye ayimangalisi into yokuba uvavanyo lwenyukliya ayingoyena nobangela utshisayo wamaxesha. Uqhanqalazo kwiindawo ezibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kuphuhliso lwezixhobo zenyukliya lusaqokelelana amanani ahloniphekileyo. Kwiiveki nje ezintathu phambi koqhanqalazo lwethu lwakutsha nje, malunga nama-200 abaqhankqalazi bamisa iinkampu ngaphandle kwamasango eCreech Air Force Base, umbindi wokubulawa kwabantu ngeedrone ezantsi kuhola wendlela osuka kwindawo yoVavanyo.
Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuba abanye bethu baqhubeke bevela kwiSiza soVavanyo kwaye sisebenzisa imizimba yethu ukongeza kwinani elikhulayo labo basengozini yokubanjelwa apho ukuba bathi hayi kuloyiko olungathethekiyo lwemfazwe yenyukliya.
Amawaka abasebenzi asaqhuba ntsasa nganye ukusuka eLas Vegas ukuya emsebenzini kwiSiza soKhuseleko seSizwe saseNevada. Asiyazi yonke imisebenzi yesihogo ecwangcisiweyo kwaye iqhutywe ngaphaya komlindi weenkomo. Abanye benza iimvavanyo ezingaphantsi kwamathandabuzo, abanye ngokungathandabuzekiyo bazigcina besebenza, baqeqesha abasebenzi abatsha kunye nokugcina izixhobo kunye neziseko zophuhliso ukuze kuqaliswe kwakhona uvavanyo olupheleleyo. Ngomhla umongameli okhohlakeleyo enika lo myalelo, iSiza soKhuseleko lweSizwe saseNevada siya kuba silungele ukuqhushumbisa iziqhushumbisi zenyukliya phantsi kweesanti zentlango.
Ngokuchasene nokuba nokwenzeka kwaloo mini yoyikekayo, kufuneka siqhubeke sisebenza, nathi. Kufuneka sigcine uluhlu lwethu lokuposa kunye neziseko zedatha, sithumele imiyalezo yenkuthazo kunye nolwazi kwiincwadana zeendaba kunye nokuqhuma kwe-imeyile, sigcine onke amajelo onxibelelwano evulekile. Simele sikhulise ubuhlobo bethu kunye nothando omnye komnye. Mhlawumbi uhambo lwethu loxolo kunye nesenzo sokuchasana noluntu kwindawo yovavanyo, encinci xa kuthelekiswa noqhanqalazo olukhulu lwe-1980s, lunokuthi luthathwe "njengomboniso ongezantsi," uvavanyo esinokuthi ngalo silinganise amandla ethu okudibanisa ukuchasa isikali esipheleleyo. uvavanyo lwebhombu yenyukliya ukuba sifuna ukwenza njalo.
Uqhanqalazo kwiSiza soVavanyo lwe-Nevada luye lwamkelwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokubaluleka kwembali. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini abakhenkethi abaya eNevada baya kushiya i-casino ixesha lokutyelela i-Peace Camp njengendawo yokubhiyozela kunye nethemba, apho abantu bajika khona kwindlela yabo yentshabalalo. Ngaloo mini, iSiza seSizwe soKhuseleko saseNevada, esibuyiselwe kwaye sibuyiselwe elongameni lweSizwe saseShoshone saseNtshona, siya kuba sisikhumbuzo sokuzisola ngolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa apho nxamnye nomhlaba kunye nezidalwa zawo. Eli xesha alikafiki. Yintoni eya kuthathwa njengembali yeNkampu yoXolo kunye neSiza soVavanyo, singasathethi ke ngembali yale planethi, isabhalwa njengoko sihamba kwaye sisenza.
UBrian Terrell ngumququzeleli womsitho we-Nevada Desert Experience kunye nomnxibelelanisi weVoices for Creative Nonviolence.brian@vcnv.org>
