Ungaze ucinge ngokucela uxolo, u-Obama kufuneka ayamkele inyani
NguDavid Swanson, Umnxeba
Ukusukela ngaphambi kokuba angene kwi-White House, u-Barack Obama ucebise ngokujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho oludlulileyo ngabantu abanamandla kunye namaziko ngomgaqo-nkqubo obizwa ngokuba "ujonge phambili" - ngamanye amagama, ngokungawahoyi. Ngelixa uMongameli u-Obama ebejolise kubantu ababethelela impindezelo kunye nokutshutshisa ngakumbi kunangaphambili, wagxotha abafuduki abaninzi, wagcina izibane zikhanyisile eGuantanamo, nabani na onoxanduva lwemfazwe okanye ukubulawa kwabantu inkosikazi) inikwe ipasi iyonke. Kutheni le nto uHarry Truman engafanele afumane ilungelo elifanayo?
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo, ngoku usiwa eHiroshima, uye wasilela ngendlela elusizi. Iimfazwe ezisekwe kubuxoki kwiCongress ziye zafuduswa ziimfazwe ngaphandle kweCongress kwaphela. Ukubulawa kwabantu kunye nenkxaso yemikhosi evulekileyo ngumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, ngolwe-Lwesibini uluhlu lwezinto ezikhethiweyo kunye nenkxaso yeSebe likaRhulumente kurhulumente eHonduras, eUkraine naseBrazil. Ukuhlukunyezwa, kwisivumelwano esitsha saseWashington, kukhetho lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nomgqatswa omnye wokuba ngumongameli wokukhankasela ukusebenzisa kakhulu. Ukuvalelwa ngokungekho mthethweni kuyahlonitshwa kwilizwe elinethemba kwaye litshintshile, kwaye iWall Street yenza le nto ibiyenza ngaphambili.
U-Obama uphathe lo mgaqo-nkqubo "wokujonga phambili" ubuyela umva kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngaphambi kotyelelo lwakhe oluzayo eHiroshima. "Ukujonga phambili" kufuna ukungahoyi ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye noxanduva; ivumela ukwamkela ukwenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuba umntu wenza njalo ngobuso obubonakala buhlungu kwaye elangazelela ukuqhubela phambili. Ngelixa u-Obama engavumelani noMongameli George W. Bush e-Iraq, uBush wayethetha kakuhle, okanye u-Obama ngoku uthi. Njengakwimikhosi yase-US eVietnam, utshilo u-Obama. Imfazwe yaseKorea yayiyimpumelelo, u-Obama uxele ngokumangalisayo. “Abathathi-mngcipheko, abenzi. . . [abahlala] eNtshona ”bangqina“ ubukhulu belizwe lethu. ” Yindlela u-Obama awakhuthaza ngayo ukubulawa kwabantu eNyakatho Melika kwidilesi yakhe yokuqala yokuvula. Yintoni umntu anokuyilindela ukuba ayithethe malunga nezenzo ezithandwayo zokubulala abantu abaninzi eHiroshima naseNagasaki ukuba urhulumente waseTruman wancwina ngaphambi kokuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi?
Uninzi lwabaphembeleli boxolo endibahloniphayo, bekunye nabasindileyo baseHiroshima naseNagasaki (ababizwa ngokuba Hibakusha), Ndicenga u-Obama ukuba axolise ngeebhombu zenyukliya kunye / okanye ukudibana ngokufutshane nabasindileyo. Andiphikisani namanyathelo anje, kodwa ii-rhetoric kunye neefoto ze-ops ayisiyiyo eyona nto ifunekayo kwaye zihlala zisebenza ngokuchasene nezinto eziyimfuneko. Ngenxa yobuciko bakhe kunye nobulungu beqela, u-Obama unikwe ukupasa ukufudumeza kwakhe ngaphezulu kweminyaka esixhenxe. Ndingathanda ukuba angathethi nto, engakhange enze ntetho kwaphela. Ngenxa yentetho ePrague apho u-Obama wacenga abantu ukuba ukuphelisa i-nukes kufuneka kuthathe amashumi eminyaka, unikwe ukupasiswa kotyalo-mali olukhulu kwi-nukes ezintsha, ukuqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala wesitrayikhi, ngakumbi i-nukes eYurophu, ukwanda kobutshaba kwiRussia, kwaqhubeka ukungathobeli ngesivumelwano sokungazibandakanyi, kunye noloyiko oluyingozi lokujonga into eyoyikisayo ye-Iran (nangona ingekho).
Into efunekayo asikokuxolisa njengokwamkelwa kwezibakala. Xa abantu befunda iinyani malunga namabango okusindiswa kweentaba e-Iraq, okanye apho i-ISIS ivela khona, nokuba uGadaffi wayesoyikisa ukubulala nokubamba iViagra ngokudlwengula, nokuba i-Iraq ibine-WMDs okanye ikhuphe iintsana kwi-incubators, kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye I-Gulf yaseTonkin, kutheni le nto USS Maine uqhushumbe kwizibuko laseHavana, njalo njalo, emva koko abantu bajikela emfazweni. Emva koko bonke bayakholelwa ukuba kufuneka uxolo. Kwaye bacela uxolo egameni likarhulumente wabo. Kwaye bafuna uxolo ngokusesikweni. Nantsi into ekufuneka yenzekile kuHiroshima.
Ndijoyine ngaphezulu kwama-50 abasayina e-US kwileta eyabhalwa ngumbhali-mbali uPeter Kuznick ukuba ipapashwe nge-23 kaMeyi ecela uMongameli u-Obama ukuba asebenzise kakuhle utyelelo lwakhe eHiroshima ngu:
- "Ukudibana nabo bonke uHibakusha abakwaziyo ukuya
- Ukubhengeza ukuphela kwezicwangciso zase-US zokuchitha i-1 yezigidi zeedola kwisizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zenyukliya kunye neenkqubo zazo zokuhambisa
- Ukuphinda uvuselele iingxoxo zokuthomalalisa izixhobo zenyukliya ukuya ngaphaya kwe-START eNtsha ngokubhengeza ukunciphisa okungahambelaniyo kwe-arsenal yase-US kwi-1,000 yezixhobo zenyukliya okanye ezimbalwa
- Ukubiza iRussia ukuba ijoyine i-United States ekubizeni 'iingxoxo ezilungileyo zokholo' ezifunwa yi-Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty yokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya zehlabathi.
- Ukuqwalaselwa kwakhona kokwala kwakho ukuxolisa okanye ukuxoxa ngembali ejikeleze ukuqhushumba kwe-A, nalapho uMongameli Eisenhower, uGeneral MacArthur, uKing, uArnold, kunye noLeMay kunye ne-Admirals uLeahy noNimitz bathi akuyomfuneko ukuphelisa imfazwe. ”
Ukuba uMongameli u-Obama ucele uxolo nje, ngaphandle kokuchaza iinyani zalowo mbandela, uya kusuka nje azigxeke njengomngcatshi ngaphandle kokwenza ukuba uluntu lwase-US lube nethuba lokubuyela umva kwiimfazwe. Imfuno "yokuxoxa ngembali" ke ngoko ibaluleke kakhulu.
Xa ebuzwa ukuba u-Obama ebezakwenza ngokwakhe okwenziwe nguTruman, isithethi sika-Obama UJosh Earnest uthe: “Ndicinga ukuba umongameli angathini kukuba kunzima ukuzibeka kweso sikhundla ungaphandle. Ndicinga ukuba umongameli uyayixabisa into yokuba umongameli uTruman wenze esi sigqibo ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo. UMongameli uTruman wayejolise kwimicimbi yezokhuseleko kwilizwe laseMelika,. . . ekupheliseni imfazwe eyoyikekayo. Kwaye umongameli uTruman wenze esi sigqibo ekhumbula ngokupheleleyo ukubhatala kwabantu. Ndicinga ukuba kunzima ukujonga emva ndize ndikuthelekelele kakhulu. ”
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu "ukujonga phambili." Umntu akufuneki ajonge ngasemva kwaye aqikelele ukuba umntu onamandla wenze into engalunganga. Umntu kufuneka ajonge ngasemva agqibe kwelokuba uneenjongo ezintle, ngokwenza njalo enze nawuphi na umonakalo awubangele "umonakalo wesibambiso" wezo njongo ziphelisa konke.
Ayizukubaluleka kangako ukuba abantu baseMelika bayayazi eyona nto yenzekileyo kuHiroshima. Nantsi iReuters yamva nje inqaku ukwahlula ngobuchule phakathi kwezinto abantu baseMelika abazicingelayo kunye nababhali-mbali abaqondayo:
“Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika babona ukuqhushumba kwakuyimfuneko yokuphelisa imfazwe nokusindisa ubomi baseMelika nabaseJapan, nangona ababhali-mbali abaninzi beyithandabuza loo mbono. Inkoliso yamaJapan ikholelwa ekubeni ayizange ithethelelwe. ”
I-Reuters iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukujonga phambili:
"Abasemagunyeni kuwo omabini la mazwe bayenze yacaca into yokuba bafuna ukugxininisa okwangoku nakwixesha elizayo, hayi ukujonga izinto ezidlulileyo, nanjengoko ezi nkokeli zimbini zihlonipha onke amaxhoba emfazwe."
Ukuhlonipha amaxhoba ngokuphepha ukujonga okwenzekileyo kuwo? Phantse ngokuhlekisayo, iReuters ijika kwangoko icele urhulumente waseJapan ukuba ajonge ngasemva:
"Ngaphandle kokuxolisa, abanye banethemba lokuba utyelelo luka-Obama luza kubonisa iindleko ezinkulu zokuhlaselwa kweziqhushumbisi kunye noxinzelelo eJapan ukuba luzixakekise ngakumbi kuxanduva lwayo kunye nenkohlakalo."
Njengoko kufanelekile. Kodwa u-Obama uzokundwendwela njani indawo yolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu nolungenakuthelekiswa nanto, kwaye ngokungaphumeleli ekubonakaliseni ulwaphulo-mthetho noxanduva lokukhuthaza iJapan ukuba ithathe indlela eyahlukileyo?
Ngaphambili kuyilwe into endifuna ukuyiva u-Obama eHiroshima. Nantsi ingcaphuno:
“Iminyaka emininzi akusekho ngxabano. Kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuba ibhombu yokuqala iyekwe, nge-13 kaJulayi, i-1945, i-Japan yathumela i-telegraph kwi-Soviet Union ivakalisa umnqweno wayo wokunikezela kunye nokuphelisa imfazwe. I-United States yaphule iikhowudi zaseJapan kwaye yafunda itelegram. UTruman ubhekise kwidayari yakhe 'kwitrafikhi evela kuJap Emperor ecela uxolo.' UMongameli uTruman wayexelelwe ngamajelo aseSwitzerland nawasePortugal amajoni oxolo aseJapan kwinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kweHiroshima. IJapan yakuchasa ukuzinikezela ngaphandle kwemiqathango kwaye yancama umlawuli wayo, kodwa i-United States yanyanzelisa loo miqathango de kwaba emva kokuwa kweebhombu, ngelo xesha yavumela iJapan ukuba igcine umlawuli wayo.
"Umcebisi kaMongameli uJames Byrnes uxelele uTruman ukuba ukulahla iibhombu kuyakuvumela i-United States ukuba 'inyanzelise imigaqo yokuphelisa imfazwe.' Unobhala woMkhosi waselwandle uJames Forrestal wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba u-Byrnes 'wayexhalabile kakhulu ukufumana amaJapan ngaphambi kokuba amaRussia angene.' UTruman wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba amaSoviet ayelungiselela ukumatsha ngokuchasene neJapan kunye 'noFini Japs xa oko kusenzeka.' UTruman wayalela ukuba ibhombu yehle eHiroshima ngo-Agasti 6th kunye nolunye uhlobo lwebhombu, ibhombu yeplutonium, nayo umkhosi owawufuna ukuyivavanya nokubonisa, eNagasaki nge-9 ka-Agasti. Kwakhona nge-9 ka-Agasti, iSoviet yahlasela amaJapan. Ngexesha leeveki ezimbini ezizayo, amaSoviet abulala ama-84,000 amaJapan ngelixa ephulukana nama-12,000 amajoni, kwaye i-United States yaqhubeka nokuqhushumisa iJapan ngezixhobo ezingezizo zenyukliya. Emva koko amaJapan anikezela.
"I-United States Strategic Bombing Survey igqibe kwelokuba, '… ngokuqinisekileyo phambi komhla wamashumi amathathu ananye kuDisemba, ngo-31, kwaye phambi komhla woku-1945 kuNovemba, 1, iJapan ngeyayezinikezele nokuba iibhombu zeatom zazingazange ziphoswe, nokuba iRussia yayingazange bangene emfazweni, kwanokuba khange kucetywe okanye kuyiwe. ' Umntu ophikisayo owavakalisa le mbono inye kuNobhala Wezomkhosi ngaphambi kokuqhushumba yayingu-General Dwight Eisenhower. Usihlalo we-Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral uWilliam D. Leahy uvumile: 'Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sibukhali e-Hiroshima nase-Nagasaki akuncedi nganto kwimfazwe yethu ne-Japan. AmaJapan sele oyisiwe kwaye ukulungele ukunikezela, utshilo. ”
Ngethamsanqa kwihlabathi, izizwe ezingezizo ezenyukliya ziyahamba ukuya kuthintela izixhobo zenyukliya. Ukuzisa amazwe enyukliya ebhodini kunye nokwenza izixhobo kuya kufuna ukuqala ukuthetha inyani.
