"I-Liberte, i-Egalite, i-Fraternite" Ulahliwe kwindawo yokuKhusela ngenkani

NguMaya Evans, ebhala eCalais
@MayaAnneEvans

Kule nyanga, abasemagunyeni baseFransi (abaxhaswa kwaye baxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente wase-UK ukuya kwibhalansi yangoku ye-£ 62 yezigidi) [1] baye badiliza 'Ihlathi,' inkunkuma enetyhefu kumda weCalais. Yayisakuba yindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, i-4 km² ngoku inabemi abamalunga nama-5,000 ababaleki abatyhalwe apho kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Uluntu olumangalisayo lwezizwe ezili-15 ezibambelele kwiinkolo ezahlukeneyo ziquka iJungle. Abahlali benze uthungelwano lweevenkile kunye neeresityu ezithi, kunye neehamam kunye neevenkile zokucheba zibe negalelo kuqoqosho oluncinci ngaphakathi kwenkampu. Iziseko zophuhliso loluntu ngoku ziquka izikolo, iimosque, iicawe kunye neekliniki.

Ama-Afghan, amalunga ne-1,000, abumba elona qela likhulu lesizwe. Phakathi kweli qela kukho abantu abavela kwisizwe ngasinye esiphambili e-Afghanistan: iiPashtoons, Hazaras, Uzbeks kunye neTajiks. I-Jungle ngumzekelo ochukumisayo wendlela abantu abavela kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizwe ezahlukeneyo ezinokuhlalisana ngayo ngokuhambelana, ngaphandle kobunzima obucinezelayo kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo ehlabathi kunye nenkululeko yoluntu. Iingxabano kunye nokruthakruthwano ngamanye amaxesha ziye ziqhamke, kodwa zihlala ziphenjelelwa ngabasemagunyeni baseFransi okanye abarhwebi.

Kwangoko kule nyanga uTeresa May uphumelele idabi elibalulekileyo lokuqalisa kwakhona iinqwelomoya ezigxotha abantu base-Afghan babuyela eKabul, ngesizathu sokuba ngoku kukhuselekile ukubuyela kwisixeko esilikomkhulu. [2]

Kwiinyanga nje ze-3 ezedlulileyo ndahlala kwiofisi yaseKabul 'Yeka ukuThunyelwa e-Afghanistan.' [3] Ukukhanya kwelanga kugalele efestileni njengesiraphu yegolide kumgangatho ophezulu wendlu, isixeko saseKabul sigutyungelwe luthuli oluhlanjululwe ngathi yiposikhadi. Umbutho liqela lenkxaso eliqhutywa ngu-Abdul Ghafoor, wase-Afghan owazalelwa ePakistan owachitha iminyaka eyi-5 eNorway, kuphela ukuba agxothwe e-Afghanistan, ilizwe awayengazange alityelele ngaphambili. UGhafoor undixelele ngentlanganiso awayesandula ukuya kuyo kunye nabaphathiswa bakarhulumente wase-Afghan kunye nee-NGOs - wahleka njengoko echaza indlela abasebenzi base-non-Afghan abafika ngayo kwindawo exhobileyo benxibe i-bullet proof vests kunye nezigcina-ntloko, ukanti iKabul ithathwa njengendawo ekhuselekileyo. kwiimbacu ezibuyileyo. Uhanahaniso kunye nemigangatho ephindwe kabini iya kuba yintlekisa ukuba i-upshot yayingenabulungisa. Kwelinye icala unabasebenzi bozakuzaku bamazwe angaphandle abathunyelwa ngenqwelomoya (ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko) [4] ngehelikopta ngaphakathi kwesixeko saseKabul, kwaye kwelinye unoorhulumente abahlukeneyo baseYurophu besithi kukhuselekile ukuba amawaka eembacu abuyele eKabul.

Kwi-2015, iMishini yoNcedo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo e-Afghanistan yabhala i-11,002 abantu ababuleweyo (ukufa kwe-3,545 kunye, i-7,457 yenzakele) idlula irekhodi yangaphambili kwi-2014 [5].

Ukundwendwela iKabul izihlandlo ezisi-8 kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo, ndiye ndazi kakuhle ukuba ukhuseleko ngaphakathi esixekweni lwehle kakhulu. Njengomphambukeli andisayi kuthatha uhambo olungaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5, uhambo lwemini ukuya ePanjshir Valley entle okanye echibini laseQarga ngoku luthathwa njengomngcipheko kakhulu. Ilizwi kwizitrato zaseKabul kukuba iTaliban yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithathe isixeko kodwa ayinakukhathazwa yingxaki yokuyiqhuba; okwangoku iiseli ze-ISIS ezizimeleyo ziye zaseka i-foothold [6]. Ndihlala ndisiva ukuba ubomi base-Afghan namhlanje abukhuselekanga kangako kunokuba bebuphantsi kweTaliban, iminyaka eyi-14 yemfazwe yase-US / NATO-backed ibe yintlekele.

Emuva kwi-Jungle, emantla eFransi, iikhilomitha ezingama-21 ukusuka kwiziqithi zaseBritane, malunga ne-1,000 yase-Afghan iphupha ubomi obukhuselekileyo eBritani. Abanye bebekhe bahlala eBritane, abanye banosapho e-UK, abaninzi basebenze nomkhosi waseBritane okanye ii-NGOs. Iimvakalelo zilawulwa ngabarhwebi abachaza izitrato zaseBritani njengezigangathiweyo ngegolide. Iimbacu ezininzi zidimazekile ngenxa yempatho eziye zayifumana eFransi apho ziye zaphathwa ngenkohlakalo ngamapolisa nokuhlaselwa ngootsotsi. Ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo baziva elona thuba lilungileyo lobomi obunoxolo kuseBritani. Ukukhutshwa ngabom e-UK kwenza ukuba ithemba linqweneleke ngakumbi. Ngokuqinisekileyo into yokuba iBritane ivumile ukuthatha iimbacu zaseSyria ezingama-20,000 kuphela kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo [7], kwaye iyonke i-UK ithatha iimbacu ezingama-60 nge-1,000 yabemi bendawo abathi bafune indawo yokukhosela ngo-2015, xa kuthelekiswa neJamani ethatha i-587 [ 8], uye wadlala kwiphupha lokuba iBritane lilizwe lamathuba akhethekileyo.

Ndithethe nenkokeli yabahlali base-Afghan uSohail, owathi: “Ndiyalithanda ilizwe lam, ndifuna ukubuya ndiyokuhlala khona, kodwa akukhuselekanga kwaye asinalo ithuba lokuphila. Jonga onke amashishini aseJungle, sineziphiwo, sifuna nje ithuba lokuzisebenzisa”. Le ncoko yenzeke eKabul Café, enye yeendawo zokuhlala e-Jungle, ngosuku nje olunye ngaphambi kokuba indawo itshiswe, isitalato esisezantsi seevenkile kunye neendawo zokutyela zatshatyalaliswa emhlabeni. Emva komlilo, ndathetha nenkokeli yasekuhlaleni yase-Afghan. Sema phakathi kwamabhodlo adiliziweyo apho sasisele khona iti kwivenkile yokutyela yaseKabul. Uziva ebuhlungu ngokunzulu ngentshabalalo. "Kwakutheni ukuze abasemagunyeni basibeke apha, makhe sakhe ubomi size sibutshabalalise?"

Kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo ummandla osemazantsi weJungle wadilizwa: amakhulukhulu eendawo zokuhlala atshiswa okanye agrunjwa iimbacu ezimalunga nama-3,500 zingenandawo yokuya [9]. AmaFrentshi agunyazisa ngoku afuna ukuya kwindawo esemantla enkampini ngenjongo yokubuyisela uninzi lweembacu kwiindawo ezimhlophe zamakhreyithi okuloba, uninzi lwazo sele lusehlathini, kwaye ngoku luhlalisa iimbacu ezili-1,900. Isikhongozeli ngasinye sihlala abantu abali-12, kukho ubumfihlo obuncinci, kwaye amaxesha okulala amiselwa 'ngamaqabane akho ekhreyithi' kunye nemikhwa yefowuni ephathwayo. Okothusayo ngakumbi kukuba, imbacu kufuneka ibhalise kwabasemagunyeni baseFransi. Oku kuquka ukushicilelwa kweminwe yakho ngokwedijithali; eneneni, linyathelo lokuqala lokuya kwindawo yokukhuselwa ngenkani yaseFransi.

Urhulumente wase-Bhritane uye wasebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo iMimiselo yaseDublin [10] njengezizathu ezisemthethweni zokungathathi i-quota elinganayo yeembacu. Le migaqo imisela ukuba iimbacu zifanele zifune indawo yokusabela kwilizwe lokuqala elikhuselekileyo ezifike kulo. Nangona kunjalo, loo mmiselo ngoku awusebenzi. Ukuba bekunyanzeliswa ngokufanelekileyo, iTurkey, i-Italiya kunye neGrisi iya kushiywa ukuba ihlalise izigidi zababaleki.

Iimbacu ezininzi zicela indawo yokukhosela e-UK ngaphakathi kweJungle, ibanika amandla okuqalisa inkqubo yokukhuselwa eBritani. Inyani yale meko kukuba iinkampu zeembacu ezifana neJungle azibathinteli abantu ukuba bangene e-UK. Enyanisweni ezi ngxaki kumalungelo oluntu ziqinisa amashishini angekho mthethweni nayingozi afana nokurhweba, ukuthengisa ngomzimba kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi. Iinkampu zeembacu zaseYurophu zidlala ezandleni zabarhwebi babantu; omnye wase-Afghan wandixelela ukuba , izinga langoku lokuya kuthunyelwa e-UK ngoku lijikeleze i-€10,000 [11], ixabiso liphindeke kabini kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Ukuseta iziko lokukhuselwa e-UK kuya kususa ubundlobongela obuhlala busenzeka phakathi kwabaqhubi beelori kunye neembacu, kunye neengozi ezimbi nezibulalayo ezenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba ukuya e-UK. Kunokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba nenani elifanayo leembacu ezingena e-UK ngeendlela ezisemthethweni njengoko zikhoyo ngoku.

Ummandla osemazantsi wenkampi ngoku usele uphanzile, utshiswe waphela ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa eziluncedo zentlalo. Umoya omkhenkce uvuthuza ukutyhutyha intlango. Ubutyobo buvuthuza kumoya, indibanisela elusizi yenkunkuma nezinto zomntu ezitshileyo. Amapolisa odushe aseFransi asebenzise irhasi yezinyembezi, iinkonkxa zamanzi kunye neembumbulu zerabha ukunceda ukudilizwa. Okwangoku kukho imeko emileyo apho ezinye ii-NGOs kunye namavolontiya athandabuza ukwakha amakhaya kunye nolwakhiwo olunokuthi ludilizwe ngokukhawuleza ngabasemagunyeni baseFrance.

I-Jungle imele ubukrelekrele bomntu obumangalisayo kunye namandla okurhweba aboniswe ngababaleki kunye namavolontiya achithe ubomi babo ekwenzeni uluntu ukuba luziqhenye; ngaxeshanye yimbonakaliso eyothusayo nelihlazo yokwehla kwamalungelo oluntu aseYurophu kunye neziseko zophuhliso, apho abantu ababalekela ubomi babo banyanzelwa ukuba bahlale kwizikhongozelo zamakhreyithi adityanelweyo, uhlobo lokuvalelwa okungapheliyo. Izimvo ezingekho semthethweni ezenziwe ngummeli wabasemagunyeni baseFransi zibonisa umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo apho iimbacu ezikhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkqubo, zikhetha ukungabi namakhaya okanye ukungabhalisi, banokujamelana nokuvalelwa ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka.

IFransi neBritane ngoku babumba umgaqo-nkqubo wabo wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Kuyintlekele ngakumbi kwiFransi, kunye nomgaqo-siseko osekelwe kwi-"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite", ukusekela loo mgaqo-nkqubo wokudilizwa kwamakhaya exeshana, ngaphandle kunye nokuvalela ababaleki, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweembacu kwindawo yokukhosela engafunekiyo. Ngokunika abantu ilungelo lokukhetha ilizwe labo lokukhosela, ukuncedisa kwiimfuno ezisisiseko ezifana nokuhlala kunye nokutya, ukuphendula ngobuntu kunokucinezelwa, uRhulumente uya kwenza ukuba kube nesona sisombululo sisebenzayo, kunye nokuthobela amalungelo oluntu ngamazwe, imithetho. zibekwe phantsi ukukhusela ukhuseleko kunye namalungelo akhe wonke umntu ehlabathini namhlanje.

—–IiReferensi—-

[1] http://www.independent.co.uk/iindaba/ihlabathi/eyurope/david-cameron-uk-nika-france-20-izigidi-ukumisa-icalais-abafuduki-abafikelela-England-a6908991.html
[2]
http://www.independent.co.uk/iindaba/uk/indaba-zasekhaya/imbacu-ingxaki-i-afghanistan-ilawulwa-ikhuselekile-ngokwaneleyo-ukukhupha-indawo yokukhosela-abafuna-ukusuka-uk-a6910246.html
[3] https://kabulblogs.wordpress.com /
[4]
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/04/ihlabathi/asia/ubomi-utsalo-umva-e-afghan-capital-njenge-ingozi-yenyuka-kunye-nemikhosi-recede.html?_r=1
[5] https://unama.unmissions.org/Iingxwelerha-zintsha-ephezulu-2015
[6]
http://www.theguardian.com/ihlabathi/2015/May/07/taliban-abatsha-abaqeshwayo-afghanistan-jihadis-islamic-Lumente
[7]
http://www.theguardian.com/ihlabathi/2015/sep/07/uk-will-yamkela ukuya ku-20000-syrian-iimbacu-udavid-cameron-iqinisekisa
[8] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-iYurophu-34131911
[9] http://www.vox.com/2016/3/8/11180232/jungle-calais-inkampu yeembacu
[10]
http://www.ecre.org/topics/iindawo-zomsebenzi/ukhuselo-kwi-i-europe/10-dublin-regulation.html
[11]
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/iindaba/ihlabathi/amaxesha/abantu abarhwebi ngokungekho mthethweni-baxhaphaza-indlela entsha-ukuya-eBritani-ukusuka-dunkirk/iindaba-story1ff6e01f22b02044b67028bc0I-1e3e5c0

UMaya Evans uququzelela iiVoices for Creative Non-Violence UK, uye watyelela eKabul 8 amaxesha kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-5 apho esebenza ngokubambisana nabancinci abenzi boxolo base-Afghan.