Ileta icela uMongameli uBiden ukuba atyikitye iSivumelwano sokuThintwa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya

By Ukuvalwa kweNyukliya yase-US, UJanuwari 16, 2023

Mongameli othandekayo,

Thina, abasayiniweyo, sikucela ukuba usayine ngokukhawuleza, egameni le-United States, iSivumelwano sokuThintela iNuclear Weapons (TPNW), eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Nuclear Ban Treaty."

UMnu uMongameli, uJanuwari 22, i-2023 ibonisa isikhumbuzo sesibini sokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-TPNW. Nazi izizathu ezintandathu ezinyanzelisayo zokuba utyikitye esi sivumelwano ngoku:

1. Kuya kufuneka usayine i-TPNW ngoku kuba yinto efanelekileyo ukuyenza. Logama zisekho izixhobo zenyukliya, ingozi iyanda suku ngalunye eziya kusetyenziswa ngazo ezi zixhobo.

Ngokutsho I-Bulletin ye-Atomic Scientists, ihlabathi lisondele “kwimini yentshabalalo” kunanini na kwanangeentsuku zobumnyama zeMfazwe Yomlomo. Yaye ukusebenzisa isixhobo senyukliya nokuba sinye bekuya kubangela intlekele yokunceda uluntu ngomlinganiselo ongenakuthelekiswa nanto. Imfazwe yenyukliya egcweleyo iya kuchaza ukuphela kwempucuko yabantu njengoko sisazi. Akukho nto, Mnu. Mongameli, enokuthi ithethelele elo nqanaba lomngcipheko.

Mnu Mongameli, umngcipheko wokwenene esijongene nawo awukho kakhulu ukuba uMongameli uPutin okanye enye inkokeli iya kusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya ngenjongo, nangona oko kunokwenzeka ngokucacileyo. Umngcipheko wokwenyani ngezi zixhobo kukuba impazamo yomntu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwekhompyuter, uhlaselo lwe-cyber, ukubalwa kakubi, ukungaqondi kakuhle, ukunxibelelana ngendlela engeyiyo, okanye ingozi elula inokukhokelela ngokulula kwimbubhiso yenyukliya kungekho mntu uyinqwenelayo.

Uxinzelelo olwandayo olukhoyo ngoku phakathi kwe-US neRussia lwenza ukuba ukusungulwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya obekungalindelekanga kube lula ngakumbi, kwaye imingcipheko mikhulu kakhulu ukuba ingahoywa okanye ijongelwe phantsi. Kunyanzelekile ukuba uthathe inyathelo ukunciphisa ezo ngozi. Kwaye ekuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa loo mngcipheko ube ngu-zero kukuphelisa izixhobo ngokwazo. Yiloo nto i-TPNW imele. Yiloo nto efunwa lihlabathi liphela. Yiloo nto kanye efunwa luluntu.

2. Kufuneka usayine i-TPNW ngoku kuba iya kuphucula ukuma kweMelika kwihlabathi, kwaye ngokukodwa kunye nabalingane bethu abasondeleyo.

Ukuhlasela kweRussia eUkraine kunye nempendulo yase-US kuyo inokuthi iphucule kakhulu ukuma kweMelika, ubuncinci eNtshona Yurophu. Kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwesizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US "zobuchule" eYurophu kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza konke oko. Ngexesha lokugqibela isicwangciso esinjalo sizanywa, kwi-1980s, ikhokelele kumanqanaba amakhulu okuchasa i-US kwaye yaphantse yawisa oorhulumente abaliqela be-NATO.

Esi sivumelwano sinenkxaso enkulu yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ngakumbi eNtshona Yurophu. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi esayina kuyo, amandla kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kuya kukhula kuphela. Kwaye okukhona i-United States imi ngokuchasene nesi sivumelwano, kokukhona ukuma kwethu kuya kuba kubi emehlweni ehlabathi, kuquka namanye abona balingane bethu basondeleyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, amazwe angama-68 asivumile esi sivumelwano, evala yonke into enokwenza nezixhobo zenyukliya kula mazwe. Amanye amazwe angama-27 akwinkqubo yokusamkela esi sivumelwano kwaye amanye amaninzi aza kukwenza oko.

IJamani, iNorway, iFinland, iSweden, iNetherlands, iBelgium (kunye ne-Australia) yayiphakathi kwamazwe ayeza ngokusemthethweni njengababukeli kwintlanganiso yokuqala ye-TPNW kunyaka odlulileyo eVienna. Bona, kunye namanye amahlakani asondeleyo e-United States, kubandakanya i-Itali, iSpain, i-Iceland, iDenmark, iJapan kunye neCanada, banabemi abavotayo abaxhasa kakhulu amazwe abo atyikitya isivumelwano, ngokoluvo lwamva nje lwezimvo. Kwakhona kukho amakhulu abameli kulawo mazwe asayine iPhulo leZizwe ngezizwe lokuphelisa iNuclear Weapons (ICAN) isibambiso sokuxhasa i-TPNW, kubandakanywa nabaphathiswa base-Iceland kunye ne-Australia.

Akuwona umbuzo othi "ukuba," kodwa kuphela "nini," la mazwe kunye namanye amaninzi aya kujoyina i-TPNW kwaye akhuphe yonke into enokuyenza ngezixhobo zenyukliya. Njengoko besenza, imikhosi exhobileyo yase-US kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ebandakanyekayo kuphuhliso nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya iya kujongana nobunzima obuninzi bokuqhubeka noshishino njengesiqhelo. Sele kohlwaywa ngesohlwayo esingenasiphelo kwaye ukuya kuthi ga ebomini entolongweni ukuba ufunyenwe enetyala lokubandakanyeka kuphuhliso, ukuveliswa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha okanye ukuphatha izixhobo zenyukliya (nabani na) e-Ireland.

Njengoko ichaza ngokucacileyo kwi-US Law of War Manual, imikhosi yase-US ibotshelelwe kwizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe nangona i-US ingazisayini, xa izivumelwano ezinjalo zimele "uluvo lwangoku lwamazwe ngamazwe” ngendlela emele iqhutywe ngayo imisebenzi yasemkhosini. Kwaye sele sele abatyali-mali abamele ngaphezu kwe-4.6 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni kwii-asethi zehlabathi baye bahlukana kwiinkampani zezixhobo zenyukliya ngenxa yemilinganiselo yehlabathi eguqukayo ngenxa ye-TPNW.

3. Kuya kufuneka usayine esi sivumelwano ngoku kuba ukwenza oko kuyingxelo yenjongo yethu yokufezekisa injongo iUnited States esele izibophelele ngokusemthethweni ukuyifeza.

Njengoko usazi kakuhle, ukusayina isivumelwano akufani nokusiqinisekisa, kwaye kuphela xa sivunyiwe apho imigaqo yomnqophiso iqala ukusebenza. Ukusayina linyathelo nje lokuqala. Kwaye ukusayina i-TPNW akuzibopheleleli eli lizwe kwinjongo ekungekho esidlangalaleni kwaye izinikele ngokusemthethweni ukuba sele; oko kukuthi, ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya.

I-United States izibophelele ekuphelisweni ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya ukususela ngo-1968 ubuncinane, xa yayityikitya iSivumelwano sokuNgenisa iNyukliya yeNyukliya kwaye yavuma ukuthetha-thethana ngokupheliswa kwazo zonke izixhobo zenyukliya “ngokholo oluhle” kwaye “kwangoko”. Ukusukela ngoko, iUnited States iye kabini yanika ihlabathi liphela “isithembiso esingathandabuzekiyo” sokuba iya kuzalisekisa uxanduva lwayo olusemthethweni lokuthethathethana ngokupheliswa kwezi zixhobo.

Umongameli u-Obama uzuze iBhaso loXolo likaNobel ngokubophelela iUnited States kwinjongo yelizwe elingenanyukliya, kwaye nawe uphinde wakuphinda oko kuzibophelela izihlandlo ezininzi, kutsha nje nge-1 ka-Agasti ka-2022, xa wawubhambathisa kuMhlophe. House "ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ukufikelela kwiinjongo zehlabathi ezingenazo izixhobo zenyukliya."

Mnu. Mongameli, ukusayina i-TPNW kuya kubonisa ukunyaniseka kokuzinikela kwakho ekufezekiseni loo njongo ngokwenene. Ukufumana zonke ezinye izizwe ezixhobe ngenyukliya ukuba nazo zisayine isivumelwano iya kuba linyathelo elilandelayo, ekugqibeleni likhokelele ekuvunyweni kwesivumelwano kunye nokupheliswa kwesivumelwano. zonke izixhobo zenyukliya ukusuka zonke amazwe. Okwangoku, i-United States ayisayi kuba semngciphekweni wohlaselo lwenyukliya okanye i-blackmail kunokuba injalo ngoku, kwaye de kube ivunyiwe, iya kuhlala igcina i-arsenal efanayo yezixhobo zenyukliya njengoko isenza namhlanje.

Ngokwenyani, phantsi kwemiqathango yesivumelwano, ukupheliswa okupheleleyo, okunokuqinisekiswa nokungenakuguqulwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuqinisekiswa kwesivumelwano, ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso esibophelelayo sexesha esibophelelayo esithe onke amaqela avumelene ngaso. Oku kuya kuvumela ukucuthwa okucwangcisiweyo ngokungqinelana nethayimthebhile ekuvunyelwene ngayo, njengezinye izivumelwano zokuthotywa kwezixhobo.

4. Kuya kufuneka usayine i-TPNW ngoku kuba umhlaba wonke ungqina ngexesha lokwenyani ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya azinanjongo ziluncedo emkhosini.

Mnu. Mongameli, yonke ingqiqo yokugcina i-arsenal yezixhobo zenyukliya kukuba zinamandla "njengesithintelo" esingenakudinga ukusetyenziswa. Kwaye nangona kunjalo ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya ngokucacileyo akuzange kuthintele ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ukraine yiRashiya. Kananjalo ukuba neRashiya izixhobo zenyukliya akukhange kuthintele iUnited States ekuxhobiseni nasekuxhaseni iUkraine nangona iRashiya yayichasa ngamandla.

Ukususela ngo-1945, i-US iye yalwa iimfazwe eKorea, eVietnam, eLebhanon, eLibya, eKosovo, eSomalia, e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq naseSiriya. Ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya akuzange "kuthintele" nayiphi na kwezi mfazwe, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya akuzange kuqinisekise ukuba i-US "iphumelele" nayiphi na kwezo mfazwe.

Ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya yi-UK ayizange ithintele iArgentina ukuba ihlasele i-Falkland Islands kwi-1982. Ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya yiFransi akuzange kubathintele ukuba balahlekelwe ngabavukeli baseAlgeria, eTunisia okanye eChad. Ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya nguSirayeli akuzange kuthintele uhlaselo lwelo lizwe yiSyria neYiputa ngowe-1973, yaye akuzange kuyithintele iIraq ukuba inganise imijukujelwa yeScud ngowe-1991. IPakistan, nokuba nePakistan ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya akuzange kuyiyekise nayiphi na imisebenzi yasemkhosini yaseIndiya apho.

Ayimangalisi into yokuba uKim Jong-un ecinga ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya ziya kuthintela uhlaselo lwelizwe lakhe yi-United States, kwaye ke ndiqinisekile ukuba uyavuma ukuba ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya kwenza uhlaselo olunjalo. Kaninzi ngokunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo, hayi kancinci.

Umongameli uPutin woyikise ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kulo naliphi na ilizwe elizama ukuphazamisa uhlaselo lwakhe lwaseUkraine. Kakade ke, eso yayingesosihlandlo sokuqala nabani na esigrogrisa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya. Umanduleli wakho kwi-White House wasongela iNorth Korea ngembubhiso yenyukliya ngo-2017. Kwaye izisongelo zenyukliya zenziwe ngooMongameli bangaphambili base-US kunye neenkokeli zezinye izizwe ezixhobileyo zenyukliya zibuyela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Kodwa ezi zoyikiso azinantsingiselo ngaphandle kokuba zenziwe, kwaye azize zenziwa ngesizathu esilula sokuba ukwenza oko kuya kuba sisenzo sokuzibulala kwaye akukho nkokeli yezopolitiko enengqondo enokuthi yenze olo khetho.

Kwisiteyitimenti sakho esidityanisiweyo neRussia, iChina, iFrance kunye ne-UK ngoJanuwari wonyaka ophelileyo, uchaze ngokucacileyo ukuba "imfazwe yenyukliya ayinakoyiswa kwaye ayisoze yaliwa." Ingxelo ye-G20 evela e-Bali iphinde yathi "ukusetyenziswa okanye ukoyikiswa kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya akuvumelekanga. Ukusonjululwa ngoxolo kweengxwabangxwaba, iinzame zokulungisa iingxaki, kunye nediplomacy kunye neengxoxo, zibalulekile. Ixesha lanamhlanje alimele libe lelemfazwe.”

Zithetha ukuthini ezi ngxelo, Mnu. Mongameli, ukuba ayikokungabi nanjongo yokugcina nokuphucula izixhobo zenyukliya ezibizayo ezingenakuze zisetyenziswe?

5. Ngokusayina i-TPNW ngoku, unokudimaza amanye amazwe ekufuneni ukufumana izixhobo zenyukliya.

Mongameli, nangona izixhobo zenyukliya zingathinteli ubundlobongela kwaye azincedi ukuphumelela iimfazwe, amanye amazwe ayaqhubeka ezifuna. UKim Jong-un ufuna izixhobo zenyukliya azikhusele e-United States ngokuchanekileyo kuba we qhubeka nokugxininisa ukuba ezi zixhobo ngandlela thile zikhusela us evela kuye. Akumangalisi ukuba i-Iran ivakalelwa ngendlela efanayo.

Okukhona siqhubeka sigxininisa ukuba kufuneka sibe nezixhobo zenyukliya zokuzikhusela, kwaye ezi zisiqinisekiso "esiphezulu" sokhuseleko lwethu, kokukhona sikhuthaza amanye amazwe ukuba afune okufanayo. UMzantsi Korea kunye neSaudi Arabia sele becinga ngokufumana izixhobo zabo zenyukliya. Kungekudala kuza kubakho abanye.

Lingathini ihlabathi ukuba lizaliswe zizixhobo zenyukliya kunokuba likhuseleke ngakumbi kunelizwe elingenazo ikhona izixhobo zenyukliya? Mongameli, eli lixesha lokuba sixhakamfule ithuba lokuphelisa ezi zixhobo kube kanye, ngaphambi kokuba amazwe amaninzi abandakanyeke kugqatso lwezixhobo olungalawulekiyo olunokuba nesiphumo esinye kuphela esinokubakho. Ukuphelisa ezi zixhobo ngoku ayisosinyanzelo nje sokuziphatha, sinyanzeliso sokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Ngaphandle kwesixhobo esinye senyukliya, i-United States iseza kuba lelona lizwe linamandla emhlabeni ngomda obanzi kakhulu. Kunye namahlakani ethu asemkhosini, inkcitho yethu yasemkhosini idlula bonke abachasi bethu abanokubakho badityaniswe amaxesha amaninzi, unyaka nonyaka. Akukho lizwe emhlabeni elisondela ekukwazini ukusongela i-United States kunye namahlakani ayo - ngaphandle kokuba banezixhobo zenyukliya.

Izixhobo zenyukliya zilinganisa ihlabathi. Anceda ilizwe elincinane, elihlwempuzekileyo, elinabantu balo ababhuqwa yindlala, ukuba sekunjalo lisongela elona gunya lehlabathi likhulu embalini yoluntu. Yaye ekuphela kwendlela yokuphelisa eso sisongelo kukuphelisa zonke izixhobo zenyukliya. Oko, Mnu. Mongameli, yimfuneko yokhuseleko lwesizwe.

6. Kukho isizathu sokugqibela sokusayina i-TPNW ngoku. Kwaye oko kungenxa yabantwana bethu nabazukulwana bethu, abafumana ihlabathi elitshisa ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Asinakukwazi ukulungisa ngokwaneleyo ingxaki yemozulu ngaphandle kokujongana nosoyikiso lwenyukliya.

Uthathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo okujongana nengxaki yemozulu, ngomthetho oyilwayo weziseko zophuhliso kunye nomthetho wokuthotywa kwexabiso lentengo. Uye wathintelwa zizigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye neNkongolo enzima ekuphumezeni okungaphezulu koko uyaziyo ukuba kuyafuneka ukujongana ngokupheleleyo nale ngxaki. Kwaye u, zigidi yeedola zabarhafi ziyathululelwa ekuphuhliseni isizukulwana esilandelayo sezixhobo zenyukliya, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izixhobo zomkhosi kunye neziseko othe wasayina kuzo.

Mnu. Mongameli, ngenxa yabantwana nabazukulwana bethu, nceda usebenzise eli thuba ukuguqula igiya kwaye uqalise inguqu yelizwe elizinzileyo kubo. Awudingi iCongress okanye iNkundla ePhakamileyo ukusayina isivumelwano egameni le-United States. Lilungelo lakho elo njengoMongameli.

Kwaye ngokusayina i-TPNW, sinokuqala ukutshintsha kwezinto ezifunekayo kwizixhobo zenyukliya ukuya kwizisombululo zemozulu. Ngokubonisa isiqalo sokuphela kwezixhobo zenyukliya, uya kube uvumela kwaye ukhuthaze ubuninzi beziseko zenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino ezixhasa ishishini lezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba liqalise ukwenza olo tshintsho, kunye neebhiliyoni zemali yabucala exhasa eli shishini.

Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uya kube uvula umnyango wokuphucula intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neRashiya, i-China, i-Indiya kunye ne-EU ngaphandle kokuba akukho manyathelo kwimozulu aya kwanela ukusindisa iplanethi. Nceda, Mnu. Mongameli, ungayenza le nto!

Ozithobileyo,

COFA APHA UKUTHUMELA LE NTO KUMongameli BIDEN.
(I-White House yamkela kuphela ii-imeyile ezivela kubahlali base-US.)