Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesixhenxe eyadlulayo amazwe amaninzi enza kumazwekazi amaninzi isivumelwano esenza imfazwe yayingekho mthethweni.
I-Kellogg-Briand Pact yasayinwa ngo-Agasti 27, 1928, yiZizwe ze-15, yaqinisekiswa yi-Senate yase-US kunyaka olandelayo ngevoti enye ephikisanayo, esayinwe nguMongameli uCalvin Coolidge ngoJanuwari ka-1929, kwaye ngoJulayi 24, 1929, uMongameli. UHoover “ubangele ukuba esi siVumelwano sichazwe esidlangalaleni, ukuze inqaku elinye negatya ngalinye libe nokuqwalaselwa kwaye lizalisekiswe ngokholo olulungileyo yi-United States nabemi bayo.”
Ngaloo ndlela, isivumelwano saba ngumnqophiso kwaye ngoko umthetho welizwe.
Umnqophiso waseka ingongoma ebalulekileyo yokuba kuphela iimfazwe zobundlobongela - kungekhona izenzo zomkhosi zokuzikhusela - ziya kugutyungelwa.
Kwinguqulelo yokugqibela yesi sivumelwano, amazwe awayenenxaxheba avumelana ngamagatya amabini: elokuqala lalingekho mthethweni imfazwe njengesixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo welizwe laza elesibini labiza abo batyikityayo ukuba bazinzise iingxabano zabo ngeendlela zoxolo.
Ekugqibeleni amazwe angama-67 atyikitya. Phakathi kwamazwe kwakukho: i-Itali, iJamani, iJapan, i-United Kingdom, iFransi, iRashiya kunye neChina.
Ngokucacileyo, ukususela phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1930 amazwe amaninzi aye akwazi ukulibetha ngoyaba eli candelo lomthetho wawo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uthethathethwano phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-1 (iBritani, iTshayina, iFransi, iRashiya, i-United States kunye neJamani) kunye ne-Iran ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yenyukliya enoxolo ibonisa ukuhamba okubalulekileyo kwindlela yokusebenzisa amandla omkhosi njengendlela yokuphumelela. ukusombulula iiyantlukwano ezinzima. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba zonke izizwe ezibandakanya isi-5 kunye nesi-1 zazityikitye iSivumelwano seKellogg-Briand.
Ulawulo lomthetho luhlala lukhankanywa njengophawu lwe-American "exceptionalism". Ngaba sele silibele ukuba isivumelwano sikaKellogg-Briand sifuna "ukuyeka imfazwe njengesixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle?"
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo i-United States iye yaphula lo mnqophiso ngokungohlwaywa - Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Pakistan, Syria, Libya, et. al.
Kukulo mongo apho iAlbuquerque Sahluko samaVetera oXolo sibambe inkomfa yoonondaba kunye nolwamkelo ukuqaqambisa oku kuphulwa komthetho, ukuzisa lo mbandela kubahlali baseAlbuquerque, kunye nokucela ukunikezelwa kwakhona kwimigaqo yokungahambelani nomthetho. -ubundlobongela kunye nediplomacy njengeendlela zokusombulula ungquzulwano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuziphatha kwemfazwe kuneziphumo ezithe ngqo kubemi baseAlbuquerque, njengoko yenzayo kubantu behlabathi. Ichitha kwaye ichithe izinto ezixabisekileyo ezinokuthi zifumaneke kwimfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, izindlu, iziseko zophuhliso - zonke eziya kuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuma kwezoqoqosho kwabantu baseNew Mexico. Imfazwe ikwayingxaki kubasebenzi bethu kwaye idala ukukhubazeka ubomi bonke kumagqala ethu.
Njengesizwe kufuneka sithethe ngokuchaseneyo nobundlobongela njengendlela yokusombulula iyantlukwano. I-United States inembali ende yokuba ndlongondlongo kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi oku kuchaza inkcubeko yethu yesizwe, kungekuphela nje kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa nakwilizwe lasekhaya, umzekelo, ubundlobongela kunye nobundlobongela bemigewu, ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni, ubundlobongela basekhaya, ubundlobongela bamapolisa.
Funda kabanzi malunga nesivumelwano se-Kellogg-Briand kunye nendlela engekho ndlongondlongo yeeyantlukwano zamazwe ngamazwe kwi-Albuquerque Mennonite Church, 1300 Girard Blvd. ngo 1pm namhlanje.
Ngoku lixesha lokuba sizinikele kwakhona kwaye sihlengahlengise ukuzinikela kwethu eluxolweni.
