Izifundo malunga neMfazwe noXolo eSudan

NguJohn Reuwer, ngoSeptemba 20, 2019

Obu busika kunye nentwasahlobo edlulileyo ndibenelungelo lokusebenza "njengeGosa loKhuselo laMazwe ngaMazwe" eSouth Sudan iinyanga ezi-4 kunye neNonviolent Peaceforce (NP), ongomnye wemibutho emikhulu ehlabathini esenza iindlela zokungakhuseleki kubantu basekuhlaleni kwiindawo ungquzulwano olunogonyamelo. Ukuba yinxalenye yamavolontiya "amaqela oxolo" enza umsebenzi ofanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo, bendinomdla wokubona ukuba aba baqeqeshi bakusebenzisa njani oko bakufundileyo kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu yamava kunye nokudibana rhoqo namanye amaqela besebenzisa izimvo ezifanayo. . Ngelixa ndiza kugcina izimvo kunye nohlalutyo malunga nomsebenzi wokwaphula umhlaba we-NP ngelinye ixesha, ndifuna ukuphawula apha malunga noko ndikufundileyo ngemfazwe nokwenza uxolo ebantwini baseSudan, ngakumbi njengoko kusebenza kwinjongo World BEYOND War Ukupheliswa kwemfazwe njengesixhobo sezopolitiko, kunye nokudala uxolo olunobulungisa noluzinzileyo. Ngokukodwa ndifuna ukungafani nembono zemfazwe endihlala ndisiva njengeMelika, kwaye uninzi lwabantu endadibana nabo eSouth Sudan.

World BEYOND War yasekwa kwaye iqhutywa (ukuza kuthi ga ngoku) ubukhulu becala ngabantu baseMelika, abathi ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo babone imfazwe njengesizathu esingafunekiyo sokubandezeleka kwabantu. Olu luvo lusibeka ekuchaseni nabemi abaninzi abasebenza phantsi kweentsomi esazi kakuhle-ukuba imfazwe yinto edibeneyo engenakuphepheka, iyimfuneko, ilungile, kwaye iluncedo. Ukuhlala eUnited States, kukho ubungqina bokukholelwa ezi ntsomi zingene nzulu kwinkqubo yethu yemfundo. Imfazwe ibonakala ingenakuphepheka kuba ilizwe lethu belisemfazweni iminyaka engama-223 engama-240 ukusukela oko lafumana inkululeko, kwaye abafundi abatsha kwiklasi yam yasekholejini bayazi ukuba i-US ibisemfazweni ngokuqhubekayo ukusukela ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe. Imfazwe ibonakala iyimfuneko kuba amajelo eendaba ahlala ehambisa izoyikiso ezivela eRussia, China, North Korea, Iran, okanye iqela labanqolobi okanye elinye. Imfazwe ibonakala ngathi kungenxa yokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkokeli zazo zonke iintshaba ezingentla zibulala okanye zivalela ezinye zeenkcaso zabo, kwaye ngaphandle kokuzimisela kwethu ukulwa imfazwe, sixelelwa ukuba nabani na kubo angaba nguHitler olandelayo ozimisele ukulawula umhlaba. Imfazwe ibonakala iluncedo kuba inikwe ikhredithi ngenxa yokuba singazange sihlaselwe ngomnye umkhosi ukusukela nge-1814 (uhlaselo lwePearl Harbour aluzange lube yinxalenye yokuhlasela). Ngapha koko, ayisiyiyo kuphela imveliso yemfazwe evelisa imisebenzi emininzi, ukujoyina umkhosi yenye yeendlela ezimbalwa umntwana anokufikelela ngazo kwikholeji ngaphandle kwetyala- ngenkqubo yeROTC, evuma ukulwa, okanye ubuncinci bokuqeqesha ukulwa iimfazwe.

Ngenxa yobu bungqina, nokuba imfazwe engapheliyo iyavakala kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye ngenxa yoko sihlala kwisizwe esinemali yempi enkulu kakhulu kunazo zonke iintshaba zayo ezibonakalayo, kwaye ezithumela ngaphandle izixhobo ezininzi, izitishi zamajoni, kunye nokungenelela kwezinye iintlanga ngomkhosi kude nangaphezulu kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe emhlabeni. Imfazwe kubantu abaninzi baseMelika yindawo entle apho amadoda nabafazi bethu abakhaliphileyo bakhusela ilizwe lethu, kwaye ngokufaka oko, konke okulungileyo emhlabeni.

Eli bali lingachazwanga ligcina abantu abaninzi baseMelika kuba asikhange sibulaleke ngenxa yemfazwe kumhlaba wethu ukusukela kwimfazwe yamakhaya ngo-1865. Ngaphandle kwenani elincinci labantu kunye neentsapho ezichaphazeleke ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni komlo, bambalwa Abantu baseMelika banolwazi malunga nemfazwe. Xa abo kuthi abangazithengi iintsomi beqhankqalaza emfazweni, kude kube kwinqanaba lokungathobeli koluntu, siyacinywa ngokulula, sixhaswe njengabaxhamli benkululeko ephumelele emfazweni.

Abantu baseMzantsi Sudan, kwelinye icala, ziingcali kwimiphumo yemfazwe njengoko injalo. Njengase-US, ilizwe labo belisemfazweni kaninzi kunakwiminyaka engama-63 okoko ilizwe labazali bayo iSudan yazimela kwi-Bhritane ngo-1956, kwaye elasezantsi lazimela kwi-Sudan ngo-2011. baye balwa kwizixeko zabo nakwiilali zabo, bebulala kwaye befudusa ipesenti yabantu, kunye nokuchitha amakhaya namashishini ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Isiphumo yenye yeentlekele ezinkulu zoluntu kumaxesha anamhlanje. Ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisithathu sabemi abafudukayo, kwaye iikota ezintathu zabemi zixhomekeke kuncedo lwamazwe aphesheya ngoncedo lokutya kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko, ngelixa amazinga okungafundi kuthiwa lelona liphezulu emhlabeni. Phantse akukho zibonelelo zoncedo eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemibhobho kunye nonyango lwamanzi, uninzi lwamanzi okusela luhanjiswa ngelori. Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabantu banokufikelela kuwo nawuphi na umthombo wamanzi okhuselekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bandibonise amadama aluhlaza okanye amachibi abazihlambela kuwo. Umbane kwabo bazizityebi ngokwaneleyo ukuba uveliswe ngumntu okanye ngabavelisi beedizili ezininzi. Zimbalwa iindlela ezigangathiweyo, inkathazo ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo kodwa ingxaki ebulalayo ngexesha leemvula xa ziyingozi okanye zingahambeki. Amafama ahlwempuzeke kakhulu ukuba angalima izityalo, okanye esoyika kakhulu ukuba ukubulawa kuya kuphinda kuqalise, ke uninzi lokutya kwendawo kufuneka kungeniswe elizweni.

Phantse wonke umntu endidibene naye wayenokundibonisa inxeba labo lembumbulu okanye esinye isilonda, andixelele malunga nokubona umyeni wabo ebulawa okanye umfazi wabo edlwengulwa phambi kwabo, oonyana babo abancinci bethinjelwe emkhosini okanye kwimikhosi yabavukeli, okanye indlela ababukele ngayo ilali yabo isitsha ngelixa wabaleka ngenxa yokoyika umpu. Ipesenti yabantu abanengxaki ethile yoxinzelelo iphakame kakhulu. Uninzi luvakalise ukungabi nathemba malunga nokuqala ngokutsha emva kokuphulukana nabantu ababathandayo kunye nezinto zabo ezininzi kuhlaselo lomkhosi. U-Imam osele ekhulile esidibene naye kwindibano yocweyo ngoxolelwaniso waqalisa amagqabantshintshi akhe, “Ndazalelwa emfazweni, ubomi bam bonke ndibuphilile emfazweni, ndiyagula yimfazwe, andifuni kufa emfazweni. Kungenxa yoko ndilapha. ”

Bazibona njani iintsomi zaseMelika malunga nemfazwe? Ababoni sibonelelo-kuphela intshabalalo, uloyiko, isizungu, nokuswela okukuzisayo. Uninzi alunakubiza mfazwe ukuba luyimfuneko, kuba ababoni mntu ngaphandle kwabambalwa kakhulu phezulu abafumana kulo. Banokubiza imfazwe nje, kodwa kuphela kwimbuyekezo, ukuzisa ububi kwelinye icala ukuziphindezela ngenxa yobubi obavakasheleyo. Nangona kunjalo nangalo mnqweno "wobulungisa", abantu abaninzi babonakala ngathi bayazi ukuba ukuziphindezela kwenza izinto zibe mbi nangakumbi. Uninzi lwabantu endiye ndathetha ngalo malunga naloo nto bayithathela ingqalelo njengemfazwe; ngengqiqo babengazi enye indlela yokujongana nenkohlakalo yabanye. Ayilindelanga kuba akukho nto bayaziyo.

Ke kwakuluvuyo olukhulu ukubona indlela abantu ababekulangazelela ngayo ukuva ukuba imfazwe ayinakuphepheka. Baye bathontelana ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo ezazibekwe yi-Nonviolent Peaceforce, injongo yabo yayikukuququzelela kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bafumane amandla abo kunye nawokuhlanganisa ukunqanda ukwenzakala phantsi kwerubrikhi yoKhuselo loLuntu olungaxhobanga. I-NP ine-inventri enkulu "yezixhobo zokukhusela" kunye nezakhono ekwabelana ngazo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokudibana okuninzi namaqela afanelekileyo. Ezi zakhono zakhelwe kwisiseko sokuba elona nqanaba likhulu lokhuseleko lifezekiswa ngenkathalo kubudlelwane phakathi koluntu ekuhlaleni nasekufikeleleni kwinto enokuba yingozi “komnye”. Izakhono ezithile zibandakanya ukwazisa imeko, ukulawulwa kwamarhe, isilumkiso kwangethuba / ukuphendula kwangoko, ukukhusela, kunye nokuzibandakanya okusebenzayo kweenkokheli zesizwe, abezopolitiko kunye nabadlali abaxhobileyo macala onke. Ukuzibandakanya koluntu ngalunye kwakha amandla asekwe kwezi kunye namandla kunye nezakhono esele zikho kwaba bantu basindileyo esihogweni.

Izihlwele ezifuna ezinye iindlela zokulwa zazinkulu xa i-NP (enabasebenzi besiqingatha sesizwe kunye nesiqingatha samazwe aphesheya ngokuyilwa) bajoyina abenzi boxolo bomthonyama abathatha umngcipheko wokusasaza ulwazi lokwenza uxolo. KwiNtshona ye-Equatoria State, iqela labefundisi, abangamaKristu nabamaSilamsi, bavolontiya ixesha labo lokufikelela kuye nabani na ocela uncedo kwimpixano. Okona kubalulekileyo yayikukuvuma kwabo ukubandakanya amajoni asele ehlathini (iindawo zasemaphandleni ezingaphuhliswanga), ezibanjwa phakathi kwelitye nendawo enzima. Ngexesha lesivumelwano soxolo sethutyana, bafuna ukubuyela kwiilali zabo, kodwa abamkelekanga ngenxa yenkohlakalo abayenzileyo nxamnye nabantu babo. Ukanti ukuba bahlala ehlathini, banenkxaso encinci yezinto eziphathekayo, ke ngoko baphanga baphange, benza ukuhamba emaphandleni kuyingozi kakhulu. Banokuchaphazeleka ekubeni babuyiselwe emfazweni ngexesha lomlawuli wabo ukuba angonwabi ngenkqubo yoxolo. Aba befundisi babeka emngciphekweni umsindo wamajoni kunye noluntu ngokubenza ukuba bathethe kwaye bahlala bexolelana. Ngokokwazi kwam, uxolo lwabo lokungazingci lubenze abaliqela elithembekileyo kuloo mmandla welizwe.

Uqhanqalazo kunye nezenzo zikawonke-wonke zinobunkunkqele kubantu baseMzantsi Sudan. Ngexesha lam kwiNtshona ye-Equatoria State, abantu baseSudan eKhartoum, kwiinyanga zoqhanqalazo ezitalatweni ezibandakanya izigidi zabantu, zikhokelele ekubhukuqekeni kobundlobongela kwasekuqaleni u-Omar al-Bashir owayeneminyaka engama-30. Umongameli waseSudan kwangoko wakhupha isilumkiso esithi ukuba abantu baseJuba bangazama ukwenza into enjalo, kuya kuba lihlazo ukubhubha kwabantu abaninzi abancinci, njengoko wabiza umkhosi wakhe wamajoni kwibala lezemidlalo lase-US. iindawo zokujonga kulo lonke ikomkhulu.

Ixesha lam nabaseSudan baseSouth Sudan baqinisa inkolelo yam yokuba umhlaba udinga ikhefu emfazweni. Bafuna ukukhululeka kulusizi kwangoko kunye noloyiko, kwaye banethemba lokuba uxolo luya kuhlala luhleli. Thina e-US sifuna ukukhululeka kwi-blowback ebangelwe kukuxhasa imfazwe kwiindawo ezininzi-iimbacu kunye nobunqolobi, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zononophelo lwempilo olufikelelekayo, amanzi acocekileyo, imfundo, ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso, ukonakaliswa kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nomthwalo wamatyala. Zombini iinkcubeko zethu zinokuhanjiswa ngumyalezo oxhaphakileyo nongapheliyo wokuba imfazwe ayisiyonyani yendalo, kodwa yindalo yabantu, kwaye ke inokupheliswa ngabantu. Indlela ye-WBWs, esekwe koku kuqonda, ifuna ukhuseleko lwedemokhrasi, ukulawula ukungqubana ngokungalawulekiyo, kunye nokudala inkcubeko yoxolo apho imfundo noqoqosho zisekwe ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zabantu kunamalungiselelo emfazwe. Le ndlela ibanzi ibonakala isebenza ngokufanayo kuzo zombini i-US kunye nabadibaniselwano bayo, kunye ne-South Sudan kunye nabamelwane bayo, kodwa iinkcukacha zesicelo sayo ziya kudinga ukulungelelaniswa ngabaphembeleli bendawo.

Kwabantu baseMelika, oko kuthetha izinto ezinje ngokuhambisa imali kumalungiselelo emfazwe ukuya kwiiprojekthi ezinikezela ngobomi, ukuvala amakhulu eziseko zethu zaphesheya, kunye nokuphelisa ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo kwezinye iintlanga. Kubemi baseSudan baseSouth Sudan, abaziyo kakuhle ukuba zonke izixhobo zabo zomkhosi kunye neebhulethi zivela kwenye indawo, kufuneka bazenzele isigqibo sokuba baqale njani, mhlawumbi ngokugxila kukhuseleko olungenazixhobo, ukuphilisa umothuko kunye noxolelwaniso ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kubundlobongela. Ngelixa abantu baseMelika kunye nabanye abasentshona benokuthi basebenzise uqhankqalazo lukawonke-wonke ukugxeka oorhulumente babo, abemi baseSudan eSouth kufuneka balumke kakhulu, bacace kwaye basasazeke kwizenzo zabo.

Isipho abantu baseMzantsi Sudan kunye namanye amazwe abaphethwe ziimfazwe ezinde anokuzisa ku World Beyond War itafile kukuqonda okuchanekileyo ngakumbi kwemfazwe ngokwabelana ngamabali ngamava abo. Amava abo obunyani bemfazwe anokunceda ukuvusa izizwe ezinamandla kwiingcinga ezixhaphakileyo e-US Ukwenza oku, baya kufuna ukukhuthazwa, inkxaso ethile yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuzibandakanya ekufundeni kunye. Enye indlela yokuqalisa le nkqubo kukudala izahluko eSudan yaseSudan nakwezinye iindawo ezinengxabano eqhubekayo enobundlobongela onokulungelelanisa indlela ye-WBW kwiimeko zabo ezizodwa, emva koko babe nokutshintshiselana ngokwenkcubeko, iinkomfa, iintetho kunye nokubonisana ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda. Ukusuka kunye nokuxhasana kwiinjongo zethu zokuphelisa imfazwe.

UJohn Reuwer uyilungu le World BEYOND WarIBhodi yaBalawuli.