NguGqirha Lawrence Wittner, Ilizwi loxolo.
Xa abantu baseMelika begxeka inkcitho karhulumente eyilahleko, baye basilele ukuqonda ukuba eyona ntsini inkulu yemali yoluntu yinto echazwa “njengokhuselo lwesizwe”-inkqubo ethi, rhoqo, yenze kancinane okanye akukho nto ibakhuselayo.
thabatha ukhuselo lwelizwe lomjukujelwa, inkqubo eyaqalwa ngomdla omkhulu phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1980, xa uMongameli uRonald Reagan waqonda ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US azinakukuthintela uhlaselo lwenyukliya eUnited States. NgokukaMongameli, iStrategic Defense Initiative yakhe (elayitwe njenge "Star Wars" nguSenator u-Edward Kennedy) iya kubakhusela abantu baseMelika ngokuphuhlisa inkqubo echasene nemijukujelwa esithubeni ukutshabalalisa imijukujelwa yenyukliya engenayo. Izazinzulu ezininzi zakuthandabuza ukuba nokwenzeka kobugcisa bayo, zithelekisa nokusebenzisa imbumbulu enye ebalekayo ukutshabalalisa enye imbumbulu ebalekayo. Abahlalutyi bakwabonisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwenkqubo enjalo kwakuya kuphelela nje ekubeni kukhuthaze amazwe anobutshaba ukuba akhe imijukujelwa engakumbi yokuyigubungela okanye, ukuba ayefuna ukuphepha iindleko ezongezelelekileyo, asebenzise amaqhinga ukuze ayibhide. Ukongezelela, bekuya kudala imvakalelo yobuxoki yokhuseleko.
Nangona i-"Star Wars" ingazange yakhiwe, iphupha elimangalisayo lekhaka le-missile libambe kwiCongress, eyaqala ukuthululela iibhiliyoni zeedola kwiintlobo zale nkqubo. Kwaye, namhlanje, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva, i-United States isenayo inkqubo yokuzikhusela esebenzayo. Urhulumente wase-US, nangona kunjalo, engayihoyi le rekhodi idimazayo, uyaqhubeka nokuchitha izibonelelo ezininzi kule nkqubo ingasebenziyo, esele ixabisa abarhafi baseMelika. i $ 180 billion.
Enye yezinto eziphambili zenkqubo yokukhusela imijukujelwa yi Inkqubo yoKhuselo lweMidcourse esekwe emhlabeni. Yaziwa ngcono njenge-GMD, yenzelwe ukusebenzisa “izithuthi zokubulala” ezisekwe emhlabeni ukutshabalalisa imijukujelwa yenyukliya engenayo ngokungqubana nayo. Kwi-2004, ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na into ebonisa ukuba i-GMD iya kusebenza, uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush wayala ukuthunyelwa kwee-interceptors zayo. Namhlanje, kukho ezine ezibekwe eCalifornia's Vandenberg Air Force Base kunye nama-26 e-Ft. Ngombulelo, i-Alaska, kunye nolawulo luka-Obama lunike imiyalelo yokunyusa inani elipheleleyo kwi-44 ekupheleni kwe-2017. Ixabiso le-GMD ukuza kuthi ga ngoku li-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Konke oku kunokubonwa njengamanzi phantsi kwebhulorho-okanye mhlawumbi amanzi phantsi komsele-ukuba bekungengenxa yokuba indawo yesithathu ye-GMD ngoku iyaqwalaselwa. Iikontraka zomkhosi ziyiphembelela ngogonyamelo, uluntu lwaseNew York, eOhio, naseMichigan lukhuphisana ngokukhutheleyo kwaye, ngenxa yomdla wexesha elide weRiphabhlikhi wokukhusela umjukujelwa, olu lwando lubonakala ngathi lunokuphunyezwa lulawulo lukaTrump. Iindleko? I-4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezongezelelweyo.
Ngaba olu lutyalo-mali olulungileyo? I-GMD, kufuneka iqatshelwe, yenzelwe ukukhusela kuhlaselo lwenyukliya yi-Iran okanye iNorth Korea. Kodwa, ngenxa yesivumelwano senyukliya sase-Iran, inkqubo yayo yenyukliya ikhenkcezwe kude kube yi-2030 okanye kamva. INorth Korea nayo ayisosisongelo senyukliya e-United States, kuba ayinayo imijukujelwa emide. Kwimijukujelwa eyi-14 yaseNyakatho yaseKorea evavanyiweyo ngexesha le-2016, abanye abakwazanga ukucima i-pad yokuqalisa ngelixa abanye behamba imigama ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezili-19 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-620. Ngokwendalo, njengenkqubo encinci, i-GMD ayinakuba naxabiso ngokuchasene nesixhobo esikhulu senyukliya saseRussia.
Ngapha koko, ngeli xesha i-GMD ayinaxabiso kuyo nantoni na. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iPentagon iqhubekile Iimvavanyo ze-17 ze-GMD interceptors ukusukela ngo-1999-zonke iimeko ezifanele ukuvelisa impumelelo. Kwimeko engafaniyo nomlo oxhobileyo, abantu abaqhuba uvavanyo babesazi isantya, indawo, kunye nomkhondo wemijukujelwa yotshaba oluhlekisayo kwangethuba, kunye nexesha eza kusungulwa ngalo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-GMD akaphumelelanga kwiimvavanyo amaxesha asibhozo-i-47 pesenti yezinga lokungaphumeleli.
Kananjalo irekhodi lovavanyo lwe-GMD ayikaphucukanga kule minyaka yangoku. Ngokuchasene noko. I-GMD iye yasilela kwiimvavanyo zayo zokugqibela ezili-10 kunye nezintathu kwezine zokugqibela. Phakathi ku-2016, ingxelo ebhalwe ziingcali zefiziksi ezintathu kwaye yakhutshwa yiManyano yeeNzululwazi eziNxibeleleyo yabhengeza ukuba inkqubo ye-GMD “ayikwazi nje ukukhusela uluntu lwase-US.” Eneneni, bagqiba kwelokuba, “inkqubo ayikho nethuba lokufikelela isakhono esiluncedo” sokwenjenjalo.
Kutheni, ke, ngaphandle kweendleko ezinkulu kunye nokungabikho kweziphumo eziluncedo kwiminyaka emininzi, kunjalo le projekthi iyaqhuba? Enye into ngokucacileyo luloyiko lwase-US ngoorhulumente abanobutshaba. Ngaphaya koku, nangona kunjalo, njengoko uDavid Willman ― intatheli eyenze uphando olubanzi lwe-GMD- uye waxela, ulele "umsipha osetyenziswa eWashington ngoonokontraka abakhulu bezokhuselo, abaneebhiliyoni zeedola emngciphekweni." Abathathu kubo, enyanisweni-iBoeing, iRaytheon, kunye neNorthrop Grumman-banikele ngeedola ezingama-40.5 ezigidi kwiingxowa-mali zephulo lenkongolo ukusuka ngo-2003 ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2016.
I-GMD "ayiyi kusebenza," ummeli wase-US uJohn Garamendi, ilungu leKomiti yeeNkonzo zeNdlu, utshele uWillman. “Nangona kunjalo, isantya soloyiko, isantya sotyalo-mali, isantya soshishino” siqhubela phambili.
Umba ophambili ogcina iibhiliyoni zeedola zerhafu zase-US ziqukuqela kule projekthi ingaqingqwanga kakuhle kukuphelelwa lithemba lokuhla koluntu lwaseMelika, lunexhala lokutsala imisebenzi oluza kubonelela ngofakelo lwe-GMD. Uluntu oluthathu olulwela ukuhlalisa indawo yesithathu ye-GMD bonke bakwi-Rust Belt, kwaye amagosa abo oluntu azimisele ukuyikhusela. “Uluntu lwethu lusifa kancinci ngexesha,” utshilo usodolophu waseOhio. "Ke sinethemba lokuba indawo [yasekuhlaleni] ikhethiwe."
Kodwa ukuba esona sizathu silungileyo sokukhusela imijukujelwa kukuba ibonelela ngenkqubo yemisebenzi, kutheni ungatyali ezo bhiliyoni zeedola kwimisebenzi eyenza izinto eziluncedo? Kutheni ungatyali imali kwimizi-mveliso evelisa amandla elanga nawomoya, iimoto zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye namayeza angabizi kakhulu? Kutheni ungatyali imali kwiikliniki zempilo, kumaziko okunyamekela abantwana emini, kumathala eencwadi, ezikolweni, kwiindawo zokuqeqeshela umsebenzi, amaziko oluntu, iiholo zekonsathi, iibhulorho, iindlela, izindlu ezingabizi mali ininzi, iindawo zokuhlala ezincediswayo namakhaya abantu abalupheleyo?
Eli lizwe lenze utyalo-mali oluluncedo ngaphambili. Ngentando yezopolitiko, yayinokwenza oko kwakhona.
UDkt. Lawrence Wittner, edibeneyo PeaceVoice, nguNjingalwazi weMbali ophumayo eSUNY/Albany. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje yinoveli ehlekisayo malunga nomanyano lweyunivesithi kunye nemvukelo, Yintoni eqhubekayo kwi-UAardvark?
