Ngu-Odile Hugonot Haber, ngoMeyi 5, 2020
ukusuka I-International League League yoxolo neNkululeko
INdibano Jikelele yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UNGA) iqale yagunyazisa ukumiselwa koMmandla weSikhali seNyukliya (i-NWFZ) kwisigqibo esaphunyezwa kweyoMnga yowe-1974, kulandela isindululo se-Iran ne-Egypt. Ukusukela ngo-1980 ukuya kowama-2018, eso sigqibo besiphunyezwa minyaka le, ngaphandle kwevoti yi-UNGA. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesi siphakamiso kuye kwabandakanywa kwinani leZigqibo zeBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN. Ngo-1991, iSigqibo seBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo 687 sagunyazisa injongo yokuseka uMmandla weSixhobo sokuTshabalaliswa koMmandla (WMDFZ) kummandla oMbindi Mpuma.
Kwi-2010, isithembiso se-WMDFZ sibonakala sinokuvela, kunye noNobhala-Jikelele we-UN ebiza inkqubela phambili kwinjongo kunye nokuqinisekisa ingcamango yawo onke amazwe kummandla obiza ukuxoxa ngengcamango kwinkomfa ye-UN Middle East e-Helsinki ecwangcisiweyo. Disemba 2012. Nangona i-Iran yavuma ukuya kwinkomfa, u-Israel akazange avume, kwaye iUnited States yasirhoxisa isiganeko ngaphambi nje kokuba sibe.
Ngenxa yoko, eminye imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente (NGOs) yabiza inkomfa eyayiseHaifa ngoDisemba 5-6, 2013, isithi “ukuba uSirayeli akayi eHelsinki, iHelsinki iza kuza kwaSirayeli.” Amanye amalungu eKnesset ayekho. UTadatoshi Akiba, unjingalwazi wezibalo nowayesakuba ngusodolophu waseHiroshima owayemela umbutho waseJapan othi “Ungaze Uphinde,” wathetha kule ngqungquthela. Ubuncinci amalungu amabini e-WILPF US abekhona eHaifa, uJackie Cabasso kunye nam. Sobabini uJackie Cabasso kunye nam sabhala iingxelo ezivele kwi Umba weNtwasahlobo/eHlobo ka-2014 of Uxolo neNkululeko ("I-USA ilahlekile kwisenzo kwi-Nuclear Disarmament," i-10-11; "Inkomfa yase-Haifa: i-Israels idonsa umgca kwi-Sand Over Nukes, i-24-25).
Ukuqala ngo-2013, uMongameli Obama waqala iingxoxo zesivumelwano sexeshana phakathi kwe-Iran kunye ne-P5+1 (i-China, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Russia, i-France, ne-Jamani, kunye ne-European Union). Emva kweenyanga ze-20 zeengxoxo, i-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)-eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Iran Nuclear Deal" - yamkelwa njengesakhelo sokugqibela ngo-Epreli. Isivumelwano esiyimbali senyukliya samkelwa ngokusesikweni ziZizwe eziManyeneyo saza satyikitywa eVienna ngomhla we-14 kaJulayi, 2015. Sithintele inkqubo yeNyukliya yase-Iran kwaye saquka ukubeka iliso okongeziweyo ukuze kutshintshelwe kwizohlwayo.
Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngembali, bona oku Ixesha lexesha leDiplomasia yeNyukliya kunye ne-Iran evela kuMbutho woLawulo lweZigalo.
Thina kwi-WILPF US saxhasa uthethathethwano kunye nesivumelwano, kwaye sakhupha a ingxelo nge-8/4/2015 eyapapashwa yaza yasasazwa ngexesha lokuphononongwa okufanayo kweNPT eVienna.
Besinethemba lokuqhubela phambili kulo mba kwinkomfa elandelayo yokuHlola iSivumelwano sokuNgande kwiNyukliya eqhubeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa kwintlanganiso ka-2015, amaqela karhulumente akakwazanga ukufikelela kwimvumelwano ngesivumelwano ebesinokuthi siqhubele phambili umsebenzi wokungabhebhetheki kunye nokuthotywa kwezixhobo kuMbindi Mpuma. Nakuphi na ukuqhubela phambili kwavalwa ngokupheleleyo kuba bengenakho nasiphi na isivumelwano.
Ke, ngoMeyi 3, 2018, uMongameli uTrump wabhengeza ukuba i-US yayiphuma kwisivumelwano sase-Iran kwaye izohlwayo zase-US zaphinda zabekwa kwaye zaqiniswa. Ngaphandle kwenkcaso yaseYurophu, i-US yaphuma ngokupheleleyo kwisivumelwano.
Nakubeni oku, kutsha nje uxwebhu olugubungela iintlanganiso evela kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo iye yasinika ithemba lokuba kukho into eza kuqhubeka:
Umthunywa we-United Arab Emirate ebelindele iziphumo ezincumisayo ezivela kwiNkomfa yokuSekwa koMmandla oMbindi Mpuma ongenaZixhobo zeNyukliya kunye nezinye izixhobo zokutshabalalisa, eza kubanjwa ukusuka ngomhla we-18 ukuya kowama-22 kaNovemba [2019] kwiKomkhulu. Umeme onke amaqela engingqi ukuba athathe inxaxheba kumzamo wawo wokumisela isivumelwano esibophelelayo esisemthethweni esiya kuthi sithintele izixhobo zenyukliya kulo mmandla wonke. Echonga loo mbono, ummeli wase-Indonesia wathi ukufikelela kwindawo enjalo ngumzamo obalulekileyo kwaye wabiza intatho-nxaxheba epheleleyo nenentsingiselo yamazwe akummandla.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukusukela kutsha nje, “[o]n nge-5 kaJanuwari 2020, emva kwe ISikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBaghdad eyayijolise yabulala injengele yaseIran Qassem Soleimani, i-Iran ibhengeze ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ithobele imida yesivumelwano kodwa iya kuqhubeka nokulungelelanisa ne-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ishiya ivulekile ithuba lokuphinda ithobele. " (Isuka e Iphepha leWikipedia kwiSicwangciso esiDibeneyo esiBanzi sokuSebenza, ebhekisa kwinqaku le-BBC nge-5 kaJanuwari 2020, "I-Iran ibuyisela umva izibophelelo zesivumelwano senyukliya".)
Ngokufanayo Uxwebhu olugubungela iintlanganiso ze-UN, ummeli waseUnited States (uJohn A. Bravaco) wathi ilizwe lakhe “liyayixhasa injongo yoMbindi Mpuma ongenazixhobo ezitshabalalisayo, kodwa imigudu yokuphumeza loo njongo imele iphunyezwe ngawo onke aMazwe ommandla achaphazelekayo ngokuqukanisa, intsebenziswano kunye indlela esekwe kwimvumelwano ethathela ingqalelo iinkxalabo zabo zokhuseleko. Wongeze wathi, "Ngokungabikho kokuthatha inxaxheba kwawo onke amazwe engingqi, iUnited States ayizukuya kule nkomfa kwaye iya kuthatha nasiphi na isiphumo njengesingekho mthethweni."
Kule nto, sinokuqonda ukuba ngaphandle kokuba uSirayeli aqhubele phambili kulo mbandela, akukho nto iya kwenzeka. Khumbula ukuba abaphembeleli bakwa-Israel babenethemba lokufudusa abantu bakwa-Israel kwaye babeququzelele ezitalatweni zaseTel Aviv kunye nokuququzelela iinkomfa ezifana neHaifa.
Kodwa kuxwebhu lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ingxelo yommeli wakwa-Israel ithi: “Lo gama nje isiko lokungathotyelwa kwemigaqo yolawulo lwezixhobo kunye nezivumelwano zokungaxhaphakani kwezixhobo zisaqhubeka kuMbindi Mpuma, akuyi kuba nokwenzeka ukukhuthaza nayiphi na inkqubo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo kummandla.” Uthe, “Sikwiphenyane elinye kwaye kufuneka sisebenzisane ukuze sifikelele kunxweme olukhuselekileyo.
Phambi kokuba i-WMDFZ ibe ngumba wamazwe ngamazwe, kufuneka iqhutywe ngamazwe asekuhlaleni kwaye iphuhliswe ngokwengingqi. Kuya kuthatha ixesha ukwakha kwiimfuno ezicacileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa inkcubeko echanekileyo kakhulu yokutshekisha kunye nokulinganisa, apho ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka kwenzeke. Kwimeko yangoku yemfazwe kunye nezixhobo, akunakwenzeka ukuphuhlisa esi sakhiwo. Yiyo loo nto amatsha ntliziyo amaninzi ngoku sicinezela inkomfa yoxolo yamazwe ngamazwe kuMbindi Mpuma.
Olona phuhliso lulungileyo lwamva nje kukuba nge-10 ka-Okthobha, i-2019, iZiko leZizwe eziManyeneyo loPhando lweSixhobo (UNIDIR) liphehlelele iprojekthi yalo "kwiMidi yeMpuma yeZixhobo zoMmandla waMahala (WMDFZ)" kumda weseshoni yangoku ye IKomiti yokuQala yokuthotywa kwezixhobo.
Ngokutsho Ingxelo yeendaba ze-UN malunga nokuqaliswa kweprojekthi, “uGqr. URenata Dwan, umalathisi we-UNIDIR uvule esi siganeko ngokuchaza eli phulo litsha lophando lweminyaka emithathu nendlela elijolise ngayo ekubeni negalelo kwiinzame zokujongana nezixhobo ezisongela imbubhiso nemingeni.”
Inkomfa yokuJonga i-NPT elandelayo (ecwangciselwe u-Epreli-Meyi 2020) kungekudala iza kuthi, nangona inokulibaziseka okanye ibanjwe ngaphaya kweengcango ezivaliweyo ukuphendula ubhubhani we-COVID-19. Nanini na kwaye kunjalo, onke amacandelo e-WILPF angama-50 ehlabathini lonke kufuneka acinezele abameli bethu be-UN ukuqhubela phambili lo mbandela.
I-Genie Silver yeKomiti yoMbindi Mpuma sele iyilwe ileta elandelayo kuNozakuzaku waseUnited States uJeffrey Eberhardt ovela kwiWILPF US. Amasebe eWILPF anokusebenzisa ulwimi olukule leta ukubhala ezakho iileta nokufundisa uluntu ngalo mba ubalulekileyo.
U-Odile Hugonot Haber ungusihlalo-sihlalo weKomiti yoMbindi Mpuma ye-Women's International League yoXolo neNkululeko kwaye usenkundleni. World BEYOND War ibhodi yebaphathi.
